南川常压页岩气田注CO<sub>2</sub>吞吐矿场实践

高玉巧; 郑永旺; 张莉娜; 任建华; 张耀祖; 房大志

doi:10.11781/sysydz2025020395

南川常压页岩气田注CO₂吞吐矿场实践

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2025020395

高玉巧^{1, 2,},
郑永旺^{1, 2},
张莉娜^1, ,,
任建华¹,
张耀祖¹,
房大志³

1.
中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院，南京 210019
2.
页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室，北京 100083
3.
中国石化重庆页岩气有限公司，重庆 408400

基金项目:

国家科技重大专项“彭水地区常压页岩气勘探开发示范工程” 2016ZX05061

中国石化“十条龙”重大科技攻关项目“南川复杂构造带页岩气勘探开发关键技术研究” P19017-3

中国石化科技部项目“渝东南地区浅层页岩气勘探开发关键技术” P24115

详细信息

作者简介:
高玉巧(1978—)，女，博士，研究员，从事非常规油气藏勘探开发工作。E-mail: gaoyq.hdsj@sinopec.com

通讯作者:
张莉娜(1989—)，女，硕士，副研究员，从事非常规油气藏开发工作。E-mail: 1273323406@qq.com

中图分类号: TE357
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-08-27
- 修回日期: 2025-02-26
- 刊出日期: 2025-03-28

Field tests of CO₂ huff-n-puff technology in Nanchuan normal-pressure shale gas field

GAO Yuqiao^{1, 2
,},
ZHENG Yongwang^{1, 2},
ZHANG Lina^{1
, ,},
REN Jianhua¹,
ZHANG Yaozu¹,
FANG Dazhi³

1.
Research Institute of Exploration & Production, SINOPEC East China Oil & Gas Company, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210019, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development, Beijing 100083, China
3.
SINOPEC Chongqing Shale Gas Company, Ltd., Chongqing 408400, China

摘要

摘要: 受吸附态甲烷占比高、地层能量弱等影响，常压页岩气藏采收率普遍不足30%。中国石化率先在四川盆地南川常压页岩气田开展注CO₂吞吐矿场试验，验证了海相页岩气注CO₂提高采收率的可行性。为推广该技术，以南川常压页岩气田为研究对象，开展室内实验—数值模拟—吞吐动态分析全链条研究，分析CO₂在不同页岩储层中竞争吸附差异性，探究矿场CO₂注入、吞吐特征，明确页岩气注CO₂吞吐提高采收率技术“增能+置换+解水锁”多机制协同机理，进而指导选井及方案优化。综合利用电镜扫描、测井解释、等温吸附实验等方法，揭示南川地区上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组常压页岩储层随埋深变浅、地层压力减小以及孔隙度、TOC和黏土矿物含量的增加，CO₂竞争吸附能力增强，超临界态CO₂吸附量最高可达CH₄的6~7倍。现场页岩气井注CO₂吞吐后，日产气可提高3.5~6.5倍，采收率提升1.9%~3.1%。根据2井3轮次注入—焖井阶段压力监测，CO₂主要集中在近井地带微裂缝中，扩散距离与地层压力、压裂缝网导流能力有关，一般不超过70 m。CO₂吞吐可划分为初期CO₂快速返排、早期提产和中后期稳产3个阶段，增产机理分别为早期增能补能、中期膨胀助排+解水锁、后期吸附置换+分压促解吸。吞吐提产的主要影响因素为储层改造程度和采出程度。中深层压裂效果较差的井在吞吐中早期换气率高，浅层采出程度较高的井在吞吐中后期累增气量高。结合数值模拟，建议优选吸附能力强、采出程度20%~30%、携液能力较差且关井压力尽可能达到7 MPa的井开展矿场先导试验。在低压低产阶段，中深层井可开展小规模多轮次注CO₂吞吐以增能助排，浅层井可开展大规模注CO₂吞吐以补充地层能量、吸附置换实现采收率提升。
- 常压页岩气 /
- CO₂吞吐 /
- 矿场试验 /
- 采收率 /
- 选井 /
- 四川盆地
Abstract: Due to the high proportion of adsorbed methane and weak formation energy, the recovery rate of normal-pressure shale gas reservoirs is generally less than 30%. SINOPEC took the lead in conducting CO₂ huff-n-puff field tests in the Nanchuan normal-pressure shale gas field in the Sichuan Basin, verifying the feasibility of CO₂ injection for enhanced recovery of marine shale gas. To promote this technology, a comprehensive study was carried out on the Nanchuan normal-pressure shale gas field, involving laboratory experiments, numerical simulations, and dynamic huff-n-puff analysis. The study analyzed the CO₂ competitive adsorption differences in different shale reservoirs, explored the CO₂ huff-n-puff characteristics in the field, and clarified the synergistic effects of CO₂ huff-n-puff to enhance shale gas recovery (ESGR) technology through multi-mechanisms of energy enhancement, displacement, and water-unlocking, aiming to guide well selection and program optimization. Using techniques such as electron microscope scanning, well logging interpretation, and isothermal adsorption experiments, the study revealed that the CO₂ competitive adsorption capacity of normal-pressure shale reservoirs in the Upper Ordovician Wufeng and the Lower Silurian Longmaxi formations of the Nanchuan area increased with decreased burial depth and formation pressure, and with increased porosity, TOC, and clay mineral content. The adsorption capacity of supercritical CO₂ was found to be 6 to 7 times higher than that of CH₄. After CO₂ huff-n-puff operations in shale gas wells, the daily gas production increased by 3.5 to 6.5 times, and the recovery rate increased by 1.9% to 3.1%. Based on pressure monitoring during the injection and soaking stages of two wells over three rounds of CO₂ injection, CO₂ mainly concentrated in the near-well micro-fractures. The diffusion distance, generally not exceeding 70 m, was related to formation pressure and the conductivity of fracture network. The process of CO₂ huff-n-puff can be divided into three stages: early rapid CO₂ flowback, early production increase, and mid- to late-stage stable production. The production increase mechanisms include early energy enhancement and supplementation, mid-stage expansion and expulsion assistance + water lock removal, and late-stage adsorption displacement + desorption promotion by partial pressure. The main influencing factors for increased huff-n-puff production are the degree of reservoir modification and recovery. Wells with poor fracturing effects in medium and deep layers had a higher gas exchange rate during the early and middle stages of CO₂ huff-n-puff, while wells with high recovery rates in shallow layers had a higher cumulative gas increase in the middle and late stages. Based on numerical simulations, it is recommended to prioritize wells with strong adsorption capacity, a recovery rate of 20% to 30%, poor liquid carrying capacity, and a shut-in pressure as close to 7 MPa as possible for field pilot tests. In the low-pressure and low-yield stage, small-scale multiple rounds of CO₂ huff-n-puff can be carried out in medium-deep wells for energy enhancement and expulsion assistance, while large-scale CO₂ huff-n-puff can be conducted in shallow wells to replenish formation energy and achieve enhanced recovery through adsorption displacement.
- normal-pressure shale gas /
- CO₂ huff-n-puff /
- field test /
- recovery rate /
- well selection /
- Sichuan Basin
注释:

利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

All authors declare no relevant conflict of interests.

作者贡献/Authors’Contributions

高玉巧、任建华完成室内实验设计及分析评价；房大志、郑永旺完成矿场试验及选井评价；张莉娜完成数值模拟研究及吞吐生产动态分析；张耀祖参与论文写作和修改。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

The laboratory experiments and analyses were designed and evaluated by GAO Yuqiao and REN Jianhua. The field tests and well selection evaluations were carried out by FANG Dazhi and ZHENG Yongwang. Numerical simulation research and huff-n-puff production dynamics analyses were conducted by ZHANG Lina. The manuscript was written and revised by ZHANG Yaozu. All authors have read the final version of the paper and consented to its submission.

HTML全文

图 1 南川气田研究区奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组页岩孔隙特征

Figure 1. Pore characteristics of shales in Ordovician Wufeng and Silurian Longmaxi formations in study area of Nanchuan gas field

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图 2 南川气田JY201井区和JY10-10井区吸附气含量散点图

Figure 2. Scattered plots of adsorbed gas content in JY201 and JY10-10 well blocks of Nanchuan gas field

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图 3 南川气田JY201井区(a)和JY10-10井区(b)CH₄、CO₂等温吸附曲线

Figure 3. Isothermal adsorption curves of CH₄ and CO₂ in JY201 well block (a) and JY10-10 well block (b) of Nanchuan gas field

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图 4 南川气田JY201-3HF井CO₂注入量、注入压力及井底压力监测

Figure 4. CO₂ injection volume, injection pressure, and bottom hole pressure monitoring in well JY201-3HF of Nanchuan gas field

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图 5 南川气田试验井注CO₂吞吐典型生产曲线及吞吐阶段划分

Figure 5. Typical production curves and stage divisions of CO₂ huff-n-puff in test wells of Nanchuan gas field

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图 6 南川气田试验井注CO₂吞吐与压恢生产归一化生产曲线对比

Figure 6. Comparison of normalized production curves between CO₂ huff-n-puff and pressure recovery production in test wells of Nanchuan gas field

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图 7 南川气田试验井注CO₂吞吐前后采出水矿化度柱状图

Figure 7. Bar chart of produced water salinity before and after CO₂ huff-n-puff in test wells of Nanchuan gas field

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图 8 南川气田JY201-3HF井注CO₂吞吐后井底流压变化

Figure 8. Variations of bottom hole pressure after CO₂ huff-n-puff production in well JY201-3HF of Nanchuan gas field

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图 9 南川气田试验井注CO₂吞吐前后生产拟合曲线

Figure 9. Fitting curves of production before and after CO₂ huff-n-puff in test wells of Nanchuan gas field

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图 10 不同采出程度注CO₂吞吐日产气曲线及地层压力恢复

Figure 10. Daily gas production curves and formation pressure recovery of reservoirs at different recovery degrees after CO₂ huff-n-puff operations

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表 1 南川气田试验井注CO₂前后压力变化

Table 1. Pressure changes before and after CO₂ injection in test wells of Nanchuan gas field

井号(轮次)	注气前			裂缝半长/m	CO₂注入量/t	注入压力/MPa	焖井阶段			扩散距离/m
井号(轮次)	采出程度/%	地层压力/MPa	套压/MPa	裂缝半长/m	CO₂注入量/t	注入压力/MPa	平衡时间/d	套压/MPa	井底压力/MPa	扩散距离/m
JY201-3HF(第1轮)	18.3	27.6	1.18	89	708.3	11.0	10	9.8	12.8	20
JY201-3HF(第2轮)	21.7	23.8	1.20	89	1 307.7	8.9	15	8.0	10.0	35
JY10-10HF(第1轮)	26.2	12.5	0.70	113	2 009.8	3.8	2	3.4	4.2	70

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表 2 南川气田试验井注CO₂前后生产指标对比

Table 2. Comparison of production indicators before and after CO₂ injection in test wells of Nanchuan gas field

井号(轮次)	吞吐前			吞吐后
井号(轮次)	套压/MPa	日产气/10⁴ m³	累产气/10⁴ m³	套压/MPa	日产气/10⁴m³	累产气/10⁴ m³	累增气/10⁴ m³
JY201-3HF(第1轮)	1.18	0.96	3 006	5.8	3.3	359	116
JY201-3HF(第2轮)	1.20	1.02	3 429	5.6	4.2	336	195
JY10-10HF(第1轮)	0.70	0.90	4 375	2.7	5.8	615	278

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表 3 常压页岩气井注CO₂吞吐选井评价指标

Table 3. Well selection evaluation criteria for CO₂ huff-n-puff operations in normal-pressure shale gas wells

评价原则	评价指标	适用范围
可注入性	孔隙度/%	≥3.5
	渗透率/10^-3 μm²	≥2×10^-4
	压裂改造效果	效果好，裂缝半长大于100 m
可增产性	吸附气	含量大于2.5 m³/t，或占比大于30%
	生产特征	初产高、递减快、低产期长，或存在应力敏感现象
	最佳注入阶段	低压低产，采出程度介于20%~30%之间
可封存性	顶底板岩性	致密，有效盖层厚度大于10 m
	压裂对盖层影响	无
	断层发育水平	开启性断层不发育或断层封闭
	裂缝发育情况	压裂沟通天然裂缝，形成大型、复杂缝网系统
	最佳注入阶段	生产末期，采出程度大于70%

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