Abstract: 39 oil fields have been discovered presently in the Tarim Basin. 21 of them are large-to medium-sized, including giant Tahe oil field and Kela No.2 gas field, which indicated a very bright future for hydrocarbon exploration and development in the basin. Distribution of oil and gas pools was characterized by stacking of multiple horizons And pools can be classified into different level of types which were formed in several pool-forming periods (Early and Late Hercynian, Indosinian-Himalayan) and showed various patterns of formation. Distribution of oil fields was controlled by paleocraton basin, the Meso-Cenozoic foreland basins and structural systems. There is useful indication for hydrocation exploration in the basin in the study.