鄂尔多斯盆地东南部长7油页岩时空分布及控制因素——来自沉积环境和沉积速率的制约

陈宇航; 朱增伍; 王喆; 黄薇; 李长春; 杨治国; 许锋; 李卫波

doi:10.11781/sysydz201802200

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部长7油页岩时空分布及控制因素——来自沉积环境和沉积速率的制约

doi: 10.11781/sysydz201802200

1.
陕西省地质调查中心, 西安 710068
2. 西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院, 西安 710065

基金项目: 陕西省公益地质专项科技研究项目（20150301）资助。

详细信息

作者简介:
陈宇航(1988-),男,博士,讲师,从事油气地质综合研究。E-mail:c1988yh@163.com。

中图分类号: TE132.5
计量
- 文章访问数: 1435
- HTML全文浏览量: 115
- PDF下载量: 311
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-08-07
- 修回日期: 2018-01-23
- 刊出日期: 2018-03-28

Time-space distribution of Chang 7 oil shale in southeastern Ordos Basin: Controlled by sedimentary environments and deposition rates

1.
Shaanxi Center of Geological Survey, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, China
2. School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China

摘要

摘要: 鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延长组长7段油页岩资源丰富。早期研究主要集中在油页岩特征及形成环境描述上，对油页岩富集规律及控制因素的不明确，制约了油页岩选矿及开发。在综合分析露头、岩心和古生物资料的基础上，建立层序地层格架，并确定长7油页岩的沉积环境。结合有机地球化学和元素地球化学分析，从沉积相、有机质来源及沉积速率等方面分析油页岩时空分布规律及控制因素。鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延长组长7段油页岩形成于三角洲-湖泊环境中，有机地球化学分析表明油页岩有机质为湖泊低等生物和陆源高等植物混源，陆源有机质通过重力流输送到深湖中。沉积相和微量元素Th/U分析表明，湖侵域时期（长7₃）湖泊扩张，水深加大，可容纳空间增大和还原环境为有机质富集及油页岩形成提供了有利条件；在湖侵晚期，水深过大，陆源有机质供给不足，且有机质易降解，同时由于烃类向浊积岩夹层运移，导致油页岩含油率降低。稀土元素（La/Yb）_N分析表明沉积环境和沉积速率控制了油页岩的分布：在靠近三角洲-浊积扇前缘的深湖区，沉积速率适中，距物源较近，有利于有机质输入和保存，为油页岩形成的理想场所；在三角洲-浊积扇沉积区，水体较浅，水动力较强，沉积速率过高，有机质易被稀释；在远离三角洲-浊积扇的深湖区，距物源较远，沉积速率较低，陆源有机质输入不足且易降解。
- 沉积环境 /
- 沉积速率 /
- 有机质来源 /
- 延长组油页岩 /
- 鄂尔多斯盆地
Abstract: Abundant oil shale resources are hosted in the seventh member (Chang 7) of Triassic Yanchang Formation in the southeastern Ordos Basin. However, the previous studies mainly focused on the characteristics and generation environment of oil shale. However the enrichment regularities and controlling factors of oil shale were not clear, which restricted mining and subsequent production. A sequence stratigraphic framework was established based on the comprehensive analyses of outcrops, cores and fossil specimen to determine the sedimentary environment of Chang 7 oil shale. The controlling factors of oil shale distribution were discussed by the comprehensive analysis of sedimentary facies, organic matter sources and deposition rates. The Chang 7 oil shale in the southeastern Ordos Basin was deposited in delta and lacustrine sedimentary environment. Organic geochemical analyses showed that the organic matter in the Chang 7 oil shale originated from both terrestrial and lacustrine plants. The terrestrial organic matter was probably transported to deep lakes by gravity flows. Sedimentary facies analysis and Th/U value showed that during lake expansions, water depth increasing and associated accommodation space increasing in the transgressive system tract (TST) (Chang 7₃) provided a favorable environment for organic matter enrichment. However, during the late TST, the terrestrial organic matter input was lack and the organic matter was degraded in deep lakes, which led to oil yield decreasing. Additionally, hydrocarbon migrations to adjacent turbidites also led to oil yield decreasing. (La/Yb)_N analysis showed that sedimentary environments and deposition rates controlled the spatial distribution of oil shale. In the deep lake close to delta-turbidite fan deposition systems, terrestrial and lacustrine organic matter inputs were bounteous and the deposition rate was moderate, which were beneficial to organic matter input and preservation, and provided a favorable environment for oil shale formation. In the area where delta-turbidite fan deposition systems developed, high deposition rates led to organic matter dilution, which was not beneficial to oil shale formation. In the deep lakes far away from delta-turbidite fan deposition systems, low deposition rates and the lack of deposit supplies were not beneficial to the input and enrichment of organic matter.
- sedimentary environment /
- deposition rate /
- organic matter source /
- oil shale in Yanchang Formation /
- Ordos Basin

HTML全文

参考文献(44)

[1]	刘招君,杨虎林,董清水,等.中国油页岩[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009. LIU Zhaojun,YANG Hulin,DONG Qingshui,et al.Oil shale in China[M].Beijng:Petroleum Industry Press,2009.
[2]	LIU Zhaojun,MENG Qingtao,DONG Qingshui,et al.Characte-ristics and resource potential of oil shale in China[J].Oil Shale,2017,34(1):15-41.
[3]	李玉宏,姜亭,武富礼,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东南部油页岩资源评价[J].地质通报,2014,33(9):1417-1424. LI Yuhong,JIANG Ting,WU Fuli,et al.Evaluation methods and results of oil shale resources in southeastern Ordos Basin[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2014,33(9):1417-1424.
[4]	袁选俊,林森虎,刘群,等.湖盆细粒沉积特征与富有机质页岩分布模式:以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7油层组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(1):34-43. YUAN Xuanjun,LIN Senhu,LIU Qun,et al.Lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary features and organic-rich shale distribution pattern:A case study of Chang 7 Member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration & Development,2015,42(1):37-43.
[5]	卢进才,李玉宏,魏仙样,等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7油层组油页岩沉积环境与资源潜力研究[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,36(6):928-932. LU Jincai,LI Yuhong,WEI Xianyang,et al.Research on the depositional environment and resources potential of the oil shale in the Chang 7 Member,Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition),2006,36(6):928-932.
[6]	杨华,窦伟坦,刘显阳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7沉积相分析[J].沉积学报,2010,28(2):254-263. YANG Hua,DOU Weitan,LIU Xianyang,et al.Analysis on sedimentary facies of member 7 in Yanchang Formation of Triassic in Ordos Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(2):254-263.
[7]	TANG Xuan,ZHANG Jinchuan,WANG Xiangzeng,et al.Shale characteristics in the southeastern Ordos Basin,China:Implications for hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and the potential of continental shales[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2014,(128/129):32-46.
[8]	邓南涛,张枝焕,任来义,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组油页岩地球化学特征及分布规律[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(4):432-437. DENG Nantao,ZHANG Zhihuan,REN Laiyi,et al.Geochemical characteristics and distribution rules of oil shale from Yanchang Formation,southern Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2013,35(4):432-437.
[9]	张才利,高阿龙,刘哲,等.鄂尔多斯盆地长7油层组沉积水体及古气候特征研究[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(4):582-587. ZHANG Caili,GAO Along,LIU Zhe,et al.Study of character on sedimentary water and palaeoclimate for Chang7 oil layer in Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(4):582-587.
[10]	昌燕,刘人和,拜文华,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部三叠系油页岩地质特征及富集规律[J].中国石油勘探,2012(2):74-78. CHANG Yan,LIU Renhe,BAI Wenhua,et al.Geologic characteristic and regular pattern of Triassic oil shale south of Ordos Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2012(2):74-78.
[11]	郑一丁,雷裕红,张立强,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东南部张家滩页岩元素地球化学、古沉积环境演化特征及油气地质意义[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(7):1395-1404. ZHENG Yiding,LEI Yuhong,ZHANG Liqiang,et al.Characteristics of element geochemistry and paleo sedimentary environment evolution of Zhangjiatan shale in the southeast of Ordos Basin and its geological significance for oil and gas[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(7):1395-1404.
[12]	杨亚南,周世新,李靖,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南缘延长组烃源岩化学特征及油源对比[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(4):550-565. YANG Yanan,Zhou Shixin,Li Jing,et al.Geochemical characteristics of source rocks and oil-source correlation of Yanchang Formation in southern Ordos Basin,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(4):550-565.
[13]	BOUCOT A J,GRAY J.A critique of Phanerozoic climatic models involving changes in the CO₂ content of the atmosphere[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2001,56(1/4):1-159.
[14]	TYSON R V.Sedimentation rate,dilution,preservation and total organic carbon:Some results of a modelling study[J].Organic Geochemistry,2001,32(2):333-339.
[15]	BETTS J N,HOLLAND H D.The oxygen content of ocean bottom waters,the burial efficiency of organic carbon,and the regulation of atmospheric oxygen[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,1991,97(1/2):5-18.
[16]	BOHACS K M. The devil in the details:What controls vertical and lateral variation of hydrocarbon source and shale-gas reservoir potential at millimeter to kilometer scales?[J].Houston Geological Society Bulletin,2009,52(1):17.
[17]	MULHOLLAND J W.The parasequence[J].The Leading Edge,1998,17(10):1374-1376.
[18]	YANG Yongtai,LI Wei,MA Long.Tectonic and stratigraphic controls of hydrocarbon systems in the Ordos Basin:A multicycle cratonic basin in Central China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2005,89(2):255-269.
[19]	刘全有,金之钧,王毅,等.鄂尔多斯盆地海相碳酸盐岩层系天然气成藏研究[J].岩石学报,2012,28(3):847-858. LIU Quanyou,JIN Zhijun,WANG Yi,et al.Gas filling pattern in Paleozoic marine carbonate reservoir of Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2012,28(3):847-858.
[20]	ZHANG Yueqiao,Shi Wei,Dong Shuwen.Changes of Late Mesozoic tectonic regimes around the Ordos Basin (North China) and their geodynamic implications[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2011,85(6):1254-1276.
[21]	刘少峰,李思田,庄新国,等.鄂尔多斯西南缘前陆盆地沉降和沉积过程模拟[J].地质学报,1996,70(1):12-22. LIU Shaofeng,LI Sitian,ZHUANG Xinguo,et al.Simulation of the subsidence and deposition of the foreland basin on the southwestern margin of Ordos[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1996,70(1):12-22.
[22]	RITTS B D,WEISLOGEL A,GRAHAM S A,et al.Mesozoic tectonics and sedimentation of the giant polyphase nonmarine intraplate Ordos Basin,western North China block[J].International Geology Review,2009,51(2):95-115.
[23]	ZOU Caineng,ZHANG Xingyang,LUO Ping,et al.Shallow-lacustrine sand-rich deltaic depositional cycles and sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin,China[J].Basin Research,2010,22(1):108-125.
[24]	DARBY B J,RITTS B D.Mesozoic contractional deformation in the middle of the Asian tectonic collage:The intraplate western Ordos fold-thrust belt,China[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2002,205(1/2):13-24.
[25]	QIU Xinwei,LIU Chiyang,MAO Guangzhou,et al.Major,trace and platinum-group element geochemistry of the Upper Triassic nonmarine hot shales in the Ordos Basin,Central China[J].Applied Geochemistry,2014,53:42-52.
[26]	YANG Minghui,LIU Chiyang,ZHENG Menglin,et al.Sequence framework of two different kinds of margins and their response to tectonic activity during the Middle-Late Triassic,Ordos Basin[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2007,50(S2):203-216.
[27]	YANG Renchao,HE Zhiliang,QIU Guiqiang,et al.A Late Triassic gravity flow depositional system in the southern Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(6):724-733.
[28]	姜在兴.沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:491-498. JIANG Zaixing.Sedimentology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003:491-498.
[29]	林会喜,鄢继华,袁文芳,等.渤海湾盆地东营凹陷古近系沙河街组三段沉积相类型及平面分布特征[J].石油实验地质,2005,27(1):55-61. LIN Huixi,YAN Jihua,YUAN Wenfang,et al.Sedimentary facies types of the third member of the Shahejie Formation in the Paleogene of the Dongying Depression,the Bohaiwan Basin and their distribution characters on plane[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2005,27(1):55-61.
[30]	耳闯,赵靖舟,王芮,等.沉积环境对富有机质页岩分布的控制作用:以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7油层组为例[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(5):823-832. ER Chuang,ZHAO Jingzhou,WANG Rui,et al.Controlling role of sedimentary environment on the distribution of organic-rich shale:A case study of the Chang7 member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(5):823-832.
[31]	HE Cong,JI Liming,WU Yuandong,et al.Characteristics of hydrothermal sedimentation process in the Yanchang Formation,south Ordos Basin,China:Evidence from element geochemistry[J].Sedimentary Geology,2016,345:33-41.
[32]	YOSHIDA M,YOSHIUCHI Y,HOYANAGI K.Occurrence conditions of hyperpycnal flows,and their significance for organic-matter sedimentation in a Holocene estuary,Niigata Plain,Central Japan[J].Island Arc,2009,18(2):320-332.
[33]	ISAKSEN G H,PATIENCE R,VAN GRAAS G,et al.Hydrocarbon system analysis in a rift basin with mixed marine and nonmarine source rocks:The south Viking graben,North Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(4):557-592.
[34]	周翔,何生,陈召佑,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组层序地层格架中烃源岩特征及控制因素[J].地球科学,2016,41(6):1055-1066. ZHOU Xiang,HE Sheng,CHEN Zhaoyou,et al.Characteristics and controlling factors of source rocks in Yanchang Formation sequence framework,Ordos Basin[J].Earth Science,2016,41(6):1055-1066.
[35]	杨万芹,朱德顺,银燕,等.古水深的地球化学恢复方法及在层序地层划分中的应用[J].地质论评,2015,61(S1):756-757. YANG Wanqin,ZHU Deshun,YIN Yan,et al.Geochemical restoration method of ancient water depth and its application in sequence stratigraphic division[J].Geological Review,2015,61(S1):756-757.
[36]	张钰莹,何治亮,高波,等.上扬子区下寒武统富有机质页岩沉积环境及其对有机质含量的影响[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(2):154-161. ZHANG Yuying,HE Zhiliang,GAO Bo,et al.Sedimentary environment of the Lower Cambrian organic-rich shale and its influence on organic content in the Upper Yangtze[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2017,39(2):154-161.
[37]	DING Xiujian,LIU Guangdi,ZHA Ming,et al.Relationship between total organic carbon content and sedimentation rate in ancient lacustrine sediments,a case study of Erlian Basin,Northern China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2015,149:22-29.
[38]	BOHACS K M,CARROLL A R,NEAL J E,et al.Lake-basin type,source potential,and hydrocarbon character:An integrated sequence-stratigraphic geochemical framework[M]//GIERLOWSKI-KORDESCH E H,KELTS K R.Lake basins through space and time.Tulsa:AAPG,2000:3-33.
[39]	BOHACS K M,CARROLL A R,NEAL J E.Lessons from large lake systems:thresholds,nonlinearity,and strange attractors[R]. Boulder,Colorado:Geological Society of America,2003:75-90.
[40]	IBACH L E J.Relationship between sedimentation rate and total organic carbon content in ancient marine sediments[J].AAPG Bulletin,1982,66(2):170-188.
[41]	谢树成,殷鸿福,解习农,等.地球生物学方法与海相优质烃源岩形成过程的正演和评价[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2007,32(6):727-740. XIE Shucheng,YIN Hongfu,XIE Xinong,et al.On the geobiological evaluation of hydrocarbon source rocks[J].Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),2007,32(6):727-740.
[42]	廖志伟,陈洪德,陈安清,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部二叠系山西组二段泥岩稀土元素特征及地质意义[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(9):7-12. LIAO Zhiwei,CHEN Hongde,CHEN Anqing,et al.The characteristics and geological implications of rare earth elements in mudstone of Permian P₁sh₂ in the southern Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Oil & Gas Technology,2011,33(9):7-12.
[43]	胡俊杰,李琦,方念乔,等.藏北羌塘盆地中央隆起带下二叠统展金组沉积岩稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].古地理学报,2014,16(6):926-934. HU Junjie,LI Qi,FANG Nianqiao,et al.REE geochemical characteristics and geological significance of sedimentary rocks of the Lower Permian Zhanjin Formation in central uplift zone of Qiangtang Basin,northern Tibet Plateau[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2014,16(6):926-934.
[44]	JOHANNESSON K H,LYONS W B,BIRD D A.Rare earth element concentrations and speciation in alkaline lakes from the western U.S.A[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1994,21(9):773-776.