Tectonic evolution and differential deformation controls on oilfield water distribution in western Qaidam Basin
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摘要: 基于地震剖面反射结构，分析了新生代以来柴达木盆地西部地区的构造运动学和几何学特征，结合新近系—古近系油田水储集类型和矿化度分布特征，探讨了构造演化和差异变形对柴西地区深层油田水分布的控制作用。柴西地区差异构造变形特征明显，受NW-SE向断裂控制，其中英雄岭构造带具有局部分层差异变形特征。古近系—新近系油田水化学类型、储集类型与矿化程度受控于差异构造变形和多期构造演化。喜马拉雅早期运动形成的蓄水构造和深大断裂为油田水汇聚提供了条件，晚期运动促进了储集空间的进一步形成以及油田水向构造高部位调整。咸化背景下构造裂缝发育的英雄岭和柴西北构造带是高矿化度油田水富集有利区，膏盐岩层控制英雄岭构造带深层油田水的垂向差异分布。Abstract: The impact of tectonic evolution and differential deformation on the distribution of oilfield water was discussed based on the analysis of tectonic kinematics and geometric characteristics of the western Qaidam Basin combined with the accumulation types and salinity distribution characteristics of oilfield water of the Neogene-Paleogene. The characteristics of differential structural deformation in the western Qaidam Basin are obvious. Controlled by the NW-SE oriented faults, the Yingxiongling Structural Belt features stratified deformation. The hydrochemical types, reservoir types, and salinity of oilfield water of the Neogene-Paleogene are controlled by differential tectonic deformation and multi-phase tectonic evolution. The early Himalayan Movement resulted in water storage structures and deep faults, which provided conditions for the convergence of oilfield water. The late Himalayan Movement promoted the further formation of reservoir space and the adjustment of oilfield water to high structures. The Yingxiongling and northwestern Qaidam structural belts where tectonic fractures develop in saline lacustrine sediments are the favorable areas for salinity enrichment, and the existence of gypsum-salt rock controls the vertical differential distribution of deep brine in the Yingxiongling Structural Belt.
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Key words:
- differential deformation /
- controlling factor /
- oilfield water /
- tectonic evolution /
- Cenozoic /
- western Qaidam Basin
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图 1 柴达木盆地西部构造分布(a)与新生界综合地层柱状图(b)
Figure 1. Tectonic units in western Qaidam Basin (a) and comprehensive stratigraphic column of Cenozoic (b)
图 2 柴达木盆地西部地质简图(a)及分带差异变形特征(b)
Figure 2. Geological map (a) and zonal differential deformation (b) of western Qaidam Basin
图 3 柴达木盆地西部次级构造变形特征
剖面位置见图 2a。
Figure 3. Characteristics of secondary tectonic deformation, western Qaidam Basin
图 4 柴达木盆地西部古近系—新近系油田水储集空间特征
a.泥质灰岩，南5井，3 041 m，E32；b.泥质云岩，狮41-2井，4 099.41 m，E31；c.泥质灰岩，裂缝和溶蚀孔洞发育，狮24井，3 155 m，E32；d.粉砂质泥灰岩，裂缝发育，南6井，3 087 m，E32，单偏光，×100；e.含砂钙质泥岩，裂缝发育，狮53井，4 626.03 m，E32，单偏光，×100；f.粗中粒砂岩，粒间孔发育，扎112井，3 408.23 m，E31，单偏光，×100
Figure 4. Characteristics of reservoir porosity in Neogene-Paleogene, western Qaidam Basin
表 1 柴达木盆地西部古近系—新近系不同构造带油田水分布特征
Table 1. Distribution characteristics of oilfield water in different structural belts in Neogene-Paleogene, western Qaidam Basin
构造带 构造名称 含水层位 储集类型 水型 矿化度/(g·L-1) 柴西南构造带 昆北 E1+2、E31 孔隙型 CaCl2、NaHCO3、MgCl2、Na2SO4 30.36 红柳泉 E31 孔隙型 CaCl2、Na2CO3 144.46 七个泉 E31、E32 孔隙型 CaCl2、Na2CO3 155.58 跃进 E31、N1、N21 孔隙型 CaCl2 95.14 乌南 N21、N22 孔隙型 CaCl2、NaHCO3、MgCl2、Na2SO4 54.83 英雄岭构造带 狮子沟 E31、E32、N1、N21 孔隙型、裂隙型 CaCl2、NaHCO3 312.49 油砂山 E32、N1、N21 孔隙型 CaCl2 174.62 咸水泉 N1、N21 裂隙型 CaCl2 212.38 油泉子 N21、N22 孔隙型、裂隙型 CaCl2 248.94 开特米里克 N1、N22 孔隙型、裂隙型 CaCl2 166.01 柴西北构造带 南翼山 E32、N1、N21、N22 裂隙型 CaCl2 251.09 尖顶山 N21、N22 裂隙型 CaCl2 222.18 红沟子 N21 孔隙型 CaCl2、MgCl2、Na2SO4 144.35 大风山 N21 孔隙型、裂隙型 CaCl2 152.41 
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