四川盆地陆相页岩油气富集主控因素及类型

朱彤

doi:10.11781/sysydz202003345

四川盆地陆相页岩油气富集主控因素及类型

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202003345

朱彤^{1, 2,}

1.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
2.
页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室, 北京 100083

基金项目:

国家科技重大专项 2017ZX05036-004-001

页岩油气国家重点实验室基金项目 G5800-17-ZS-ZZGY002

详细信息

作者简介:
朱彤(1968—)，女，硕士，高级工程师，从事页岩气沉积及储层地质研究。E-mail: zhutong.syky@sinopec.com

中图分类号: TE132.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-10
- 修回日期: 2020-04-21
- 刊出日期: 2020-05-28

Main controlling factors and types of continental shale oil and gas enrichment in Sichuan Basin

ZHU Tong^{1, 2
,}

1.
SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration & Production Research Institute, Beijing 100083, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 四川盆地陆相页岩气勘探虽然已在涪陵、元坝等地区下侏罗统大安寨段获得工业气流，但与海相下志留统龙马溪组页岩气相比，富集条件存在较大的差异，勘探潜力尚待探索。通过X衍射矿物组分、有机地化、氩离子抛光-扫描电镜、压汞-吸附联合测定、脉冲渗透率、纳米CT、含气性测试等方法技术，对控制陆相页岩气富集的岩性组合、成熟度和压力3个关键因素进行了研究。湖相碳酸盐湖坡风暴滩沉积的页岩与介屑灰岩不等厚互层，具有良好页岩气生烃（有机质丰度大于1.4%）、储集（孔隙度大于3%）、渗透（水平缝发育）和可压裂（脆性指数大于0.6）的配置条件，为最有利的岩性组合类型；成熟度控制着页岩储层有机质孔的发育和页岩油气的生成（以成熟度1.3%为界）；超压（压力系数大于1.2）是陆相页岩油气富集高产的关键。据此将陆相页岩油气富集类型划分为超高压高成熟页岩与灰岩互层页岩气型和超压低成熟页岩与灰岩互层页岩油气型；优选涪陵北东岳庙段和元坝大安寨段为页岩气有利目标，涪陵北和阆中-平昌大安寨段、建南东岳庙段、元坝千佛崖组二段为页岩油气较有利目标。
- 岩性组合 /
- 成熟度 /
- 超压 /
- 富集类型 /
- 陆相页岩油气 /
- 四川盆地
Abstract: Continental shale gas has achieved commercial production in the Lower Jurassic Daanzhai Member in the Fuling and Yuanba areas in the Sichuan Basin; however, the accumulation conditions are different from the marine facies Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale gas, and the exploration potential remains to be explored. The X-ray diffraction analysis of mineral composition, geochemical analysis, argon ion polishing-scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion-adsorption combined measurement, pulse permeability, nano-CT and gas content were applied to study three key factors controlling the enrichment of lacustrine shale gas, including lithologic combination, maturity and pressure conditions. The shales deposited on a storm beach of the carbonate lake slope of the lake facies are interbedded with the coquina limestone of unequal thickness, which is the most favorable lithologic combination with favorable configuration conditions for shale gas generation (organic matter abundance greater than 1.4%), reservoir (porosity greater than 3%), permeability (horizontal fracture developed) and fracturing (brittleness index greater than 0.6). Maturity controls the development of organic pores and the formation of shale oil and gas (Ro=1.3% as the maturity boundary). Overpressure (pressure coefficient greater than 1.2) is the key to the enrichment and high yield of continental shale oil and gas. The accumulation of continental shale oil and gas can be divided into two types: ultra-high pressure, high maturity shale interbedded with limestone and ultra-high pressure, low maturity shale interbedded with limestone. The most favorable target for shale gas exploration in the lacustrine facies of the Sichuan Basin includes the Daanzhai Member in Yuanba and the Dongyuemiao section in Fuling. The Daanzhai Member in the northern Fuling and Langzhong-Pingchang, the Dongyuemiao Section in Jiannan, and the second section of Qianfoya Formation in Yuanba are secondary favorable target for shale oil and gas exploration.
- lithologic combination /
- maturity /
- overpressure /
- enrichment type /
- continental shale oil and gas /
- Sichuan Basin

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图 1 四川盆地涪陵地区FY3井大安寨二段页岩气形成条件综合柱状图

Figure 1. Composite stratigraphic section of shale gas generation conditions of second section of Daanzhai Member, well FY3, Fuling area, Sichuan Basin

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图 2 四川盆地涪陵、元坝地区下侏罗统不同岩性组合地质特征参数对比

Figure 2. Comparison of geological characteristics of different lithologic combinations of Lower Jurassic in Fuling and Yuanba areas, Sichuan Basin

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图 3 四川盆地下侏罗统泥页岩与介壳灰岩孔隙类型特征

Figure 3. Pore types of shales and coquina limestones in Lower Jurassic, Sichuan Basin

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图 4 四川盆地涪陵、元坝地区下侏罗统不同岩性组合矿物组成对比

Figure 4. Comparison of mineral composition of different lithologic combinations of Lower Jurassic in Fuling and Yuanba areas, Sichuan Basin

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图 5 四川盆地涪陵地区下侏罗统不同成熟度泥页岩有机质孔发育情况

Figure 5. Organic pore development of Lower Jurassic shale with different maturities in Fuling area, Sichuan Basin

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图 6 四川盆地涪陵(a)、元坝(b)地区中下侏罗统泥页岩成熟度与深度关系

Figure 6. Relationship between maturity and depth of shale in Middle and Lower Jurassic, Fuling(a) and Yuanba(b) areas, Sichuan Basin

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图 7 四川盆地下侏罗统超高压高成熟页岩与灰岩互层页岩气型富集模式

Figure 7. Accumulation model of shale gas in ultra-high pressure, high maturity shale interbedded with limestone in Lower Jurassic, Sichuan Basin

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表 1 四川盆地下侏罗统岩性组合类型沉积特征对比

Table 1. Comparison of sedimentary characteristics of lithologic combination types of Lower Jurassic in Sichuan Basin

沉枳模式	较大湖进期碳酸盐湖泊			局限湖进期陆源碎屑湖泊
亚相类型	碳酸盐浅湖	湖坡	半深湖	滨湖	碎屑岩浅湖	半深湖
微相类型	介屑滩	风暴滩	半深湖泥	滩坝	砂泥坪	半深湖泥
岩性组合类型	厚层介屑灰岩夹薄层泥页岩	页岩与介屑灰岩不等厚互层	厚层页岩夹薄层介壳灰岩	厚层粉砂岩夹薄层泥岩	纹层状泥页岩与粉砂岩不等厚互层	厚层泥页岩夹薄层粉砂岩
宏观岩心
微观镜下
泥地比/%	< 50	50~70	70~90	< 50	50~70	70~90
沉积构造	块状	弱页理、纹理	弱页理	斜层理	纹层状	块状
分布层段	涪陵大安寨一段	涪陵、元坝大安寨二段	涪陵、元坝大安寨二段	元坝东岳庙段	元坝东岳庙段	元坝东岳庙段

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表 2 四川盆地下侏罗统页岩油气有利目标评价

Table 2. Favorable targets for shale oil and gas exploration in Lower Jurassic, Sichuan Basin

富集类型	区块	目的层	埋深/m	岩性组合	有机碳含量/%	成熟度/%	压力系数	综合评价
超高压高成熟页岩与灰岩互层页岩气型	川东北元坝—达县	大安寨段	3 800~4 300	页岩与介屑灰岩不等厚互层	0.40~3.64/1.38	1.44~1.83/1.67	1.61~2.07	有利
超高压高成熟页岩与灰岩互层页岩气型	川东南涪陵北	东岳庙段	2 300~3 000		0.53~4.85/1.78	1.36~1.52/1.44	1.3~1.5	有利
超压低成熟页岩与灰岩互层页岩油气型	渝东建南—利川	东岳庙段	600~640		0.51~2.87/1.44	0.8~1.33/1.0	1.0~1.12	较有利
	川东南涪陵北	大安寨段	2 100~2 500		0.64~3.28/1.33	1.1~1.5/1.27	1.1~1.4	较有利
	川中阆中—平昌	大安寨段	3 300~3 600		0.43-2.19/1.09	0.53-1.87/1.08	1.2	较有利
	川东北元坝	千佛崖组二段	3 500~3 800		0.74~2.05/1.15	1.38~1.82/1.52	1.88	较有利
注：表中数值意义为最小值~最大值/平均值。

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