Shale gas resource evaluation based on "pressure coefficient": a case study of Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi formations in southeastern Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 随着我国页岩气勘探开发不断深化，亟需完善一套科学适用的页岩气资源潜力评价方法。该文重点考虑页岩气资源分布的非均质性以及保存条件的影响，在查明页岩气"压力系数"主要影响因素的基础上，将刻度区与评价区划分为A类区（压力系数大于1.2）、B类区（压力系数1.0~1.2）和C类区（压力系数0.8~1.0）。通过解剖四川盆地涪陵地区上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组页岩气刻度区，确定体积资源丰度作为评价区类比计算关键参数，对页岩气资源进行分级类比评价。综合计算川东南地区页岩气总资源量为5.52×1012 m3，其中埋深4 500~6 000 m的五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气资源量达4.04×1012 m3，表明该地区埋深大于4 500 m的深层具有较大的页岩气勘探潜力。Abstract: With the continuing shale gas exploration and development in China, it is necessary to establish a scientific method to evaluate shale gas resources. This paper focuses on considering the heterogeneity of shale gas resource distribution and the impact of preservation conditions. On the basis of identifying the main influencing factors of shale gas "pressure coefficient", the study area is divided into A-type area (pressure coefficient >1.2), B-type area (pressure coefficient 1.0-1.2) and C-type area (pressure coefficient 0.8-1.0). By dissecting the shale gas calibrated area of Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi formations in Fuling, the resource volume is obtained as a key parameter for analog calculation, and the shale gas resources are evaluated by analogy. Comprehensive calculation of the total shale gas resources in the southeastern Sichuan area is 5.52×1012 m3, 4.04×1012 m3 of which is accounted for between 4 500-6 000 m depth, indicating that shale gas with a burial depth greater than 4 500 m in this area has a greater shale gas exploration potential.
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Key words:
- pressure coefficient /
- resource evaluation /
- shale gas /
- Wufeng-Longmaxi formations /
- Sichuan Basin
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图 1 页岩气“压力系数”分级资源评价方法思路
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of "pressure coefficient" evaluation method of shale gas resources
图 2 页岩气井气产量与压力系数关系
Figure 2. Relationship between shale gas well production and pressure coefficient
图 3 四川盆地及周缘五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气压力系数等值线和刻度区位置
Figure 3. Contour map of shale gas pressure coefficient of Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in Sichuan Basin and the location of the calibrated area
图 4 四川盆地涪陵刻度区五峰组—龙马溪组TOC大于1%的页岩厚度和含气量
平面图位置见图 3刻度区。
Figure 4. Shale thickness and gas content of Wufeng-Longmaxi formations (TOC>1%) in Fuling calibrated area, Sichuan Basin
图 5 四川盆地涪陵刻度区五峰组—龙马溪组资源丰度分布
Figure 5. Resource abundance distribution of Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in Fuling calibrated area, Sichuan Basin
图 6 四川盆地涪陵地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气刻度区分级
按压力系数分区：A区(>1.2), B区(1.0~1.2)，C区(0.8~1.0)
Figure 6. Classification of the shale gas calibrated area of Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in Fuling, Sichuan Basin
图 7 四川盆地及周缘构造纲要与评价单元划分
Figure 7. Structural outline and evaluation unit division in Sichuan Basin and its periphery
表 1 四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气压力系数评价标准
Table 1. Evaluation criteria of shale gas pressure coefficient of Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in Sichuan Basin
因素 评价参数 评分等级 1.0~0.75 0.75~0.5 0.5~0.25 0.25~0 封盖条件 区域盖层 出露地层 K-J2 J1-T2 T1-P2 P1-S 区域盖层厚度/m ＞300 150~300 50~150 ＜50 区域盖层岩石类型 膏盐、泥岩 泥岩、粉砂质泥岩 粉砂质泥岩、泥质粉砂岩 泥质粉砂岩、致密碳酸盐岩 区域盖层分布情况 大面积连片 较大面积连片 较小面积连片 小面积零星分布 顶底板条件 与页岩气层接触关系 整合 整合 平行不整合 角度不整合 厚度/m ＞50 30~50 15~30 ＜15 页岩自封闭性 埋深/m ＞3 500 2 500~3 500 1 500~2 500 ＜1 500 厚度/m ＞120 120~60 60~30 ＜30 构造作用 构造改造时间 抬升时间 晚 较晚 较早 早 断裂发育情况 断裂规模 三级或四级 二级或三级 二级 一级 断裂发育程度 中等—弱发育 中等发育 较发育 非常发育 距断裂的距离/km 一级断裂：＞10；二级以下断裂：＞6 一级断裂：10~5；二级以下断裂：6~3 一级断裂：5~2；二级以下断裂：3~1 一级断裂：＜2；二级以下断裂：＜1 距目的层露头区或剥蚀区距离/km ＞15 15~10 10~5 ＜5 
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表 2 四川盆地及周缘五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气类比参数评价标准
Table 2. Evaluation criteria of shale gas analog parameters of Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in Sichuan Basin and its periphery
参数类型 参数名称 赋值 1.0~0.75 0.75~0.5 0.5~0 页岩分布与地化特征 富有机质页岩厚度/m ＞60 60~30 30~10 成熟度Ro/% 2.0~3.0 1.3~2.0或3.0~4.0 ＜1.3或＞4.0 有机碳含量/% ＞3 3~2 ＜2 有机质类型 Ⅰ型 Ⅱ1型 Ⅱ2型 储集物性条件 孔隙度/% ＞3 3~2 ＜2 基质渗透率/(10-3 μm2) ＞0.1 0.1~0.01 ＜0.01 保存条件 顶底板条件 致密 较致密 不致密/不整合面 断裂发育情况 断裂较少 断裂较发育 断裂发育 压力系数 ＞1.2 1.2~1.0 ＜1.0
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表 3 川东南地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气分级资源丰度类比法计算
Table 3. Abundance calculation of shale gas graded resource of Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in southeastern Sichuan Basin
项目 川东高陡褶皱带 川东南高陡褶皱带 川南低陡褶带 川东隔档式高陡褶皱带 渝东隔档式高陡断褶带 川东槽挡转换带 黔北断褶带 合计 有效厚度/m 82.40 76.10 112.90 40.20 118.00 106.50 35.00 571.10 类比系数 0.87 0.75 0.72 0.67 0.63 0.61 0.58 4.83 资源量/108 m3 A类区 13 545.52 21 320.44 4 340.26 1 168.50 951.00 41 325.72 B类区 3 307.12 2 750.01 2 292.73 1 677.43 293.56 394.39 10 715.24 C类区 940.21 1 181.21 1 067.04 3 188.46 合计 16 852.64 24 070.44 6 633.00 1 168.50 3 568.64 1 474.77 1 461.43 55 229.42
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