波罗的海盆地上奥陶统页岩孔隙演化的热压模拟实验

李楚雄; 申宝剑; 潘安阳; 张文涛; 李昂; 丁江辉

doi:10.11781/sysydz202003434

波罗的海盆地上奥陶统页岩孔隙演化的热压模拟实验

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202003434

李楚雄^{1, 2,},
申宝剑^{1, 2},
潘安阳^{1, 2},
张文涛^{1, 2},
李昂^{1, 2},
丁江辉^{1, 2}

1.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏无锡 214126
2.
页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室, 江苏无锡 214126

基金项目:

国家油气重大专项 2017ZX05036-002

国家自然科学基金面上项目 41972164

详细信息

作者简介:
李楚雄(1992-), 男, 硕士, 助理工程师, 从事非常规石油地质研究。E-mail: lichuxiong.syky@sinopec.com

中图分类号: TE135
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-01-24
- 修回日期: 2020-04-16
- 刊出日期: 2020-05-28

Thermal-pressure simulation experiment of pore evolution of Upper Ordovician shale in Baltic Basin

LI Chuxiong^{1, 2
,},
SHEN Baojian^{1, 2},
PAN Anyang^{1, 2},
ZHANG Wentao^{1, 2},
LI Ang^{1, 2},
DING Jianghui^{1, 2}

1.
Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Effective Development of Oil and Gas Enrichment in Shale, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China

摘要

摘要: 我国南方海相页岩大多处于高-过熟演化阶段，无法再现地质历史过程中孔隙的演化过程。选取欧洲地区波罗的海盆地上奥陶统页岩开展了近地质条件的室内热压模拟实验，以期揭示海相页岩孔隙的演化规律和赋存状态。结合实验样品的有机岩石学特征、模拟产物的定量化统计和扫描电镜微区分析，系统阐述了模拟实验页岩孔隙在有机质熟化过程中的演化特征和形成机理。实验条件下，页岩整体孔隙的发育程度随有机质热演化程度的增加而提高，孔隙之间趋于连通，由初始的孔隙不发育状态逐渐演变为复杂交错的孔隙网络。根据孔隙的形态和成因，将有机孔和无机矿物孔细分为8类：海绵状有机孔、有机质收缩孔和气泡状有机孔；铸膜孔、溶蚀孔、矿物粒间孔、黏土矿物层间孔和改造矿物孔。受有机显微组分的差异、有机质的转化和油气初次运移的影响，有机孔的分布表现出较强的非均质性，无机矿物孔的发育呈现出阶段性。孔隙的有效保存问题在高演化阶段页岩气勘探过程中需要重点关注。
- 海相页岩 /
- 热模拟实验 /
- 扫描电镜 /
- 孔隙演化 /
- 有机显微组分
Abstract: Most of the marine shale in South China is highly over mature and the pore evolution history cannot be determined. The Upper Ordovician shale in the Baltic Basin in Europe was selected to conduct a laboratory thermal-pressure simulation experiment to emulate geological conditions in order to reveal the evolution and distribution of marine shale pores. The evolution characteristics and formation mechanism of the experimental shale pores during the maturation of organic matter were systematically explained based on the organic petrological characteristics of the raw shale samples, the quantitative statistics of the simulated products, and the scanning electron microscopy analysis. The development of the overall shale pores increases with the increase of the thermal evolution of organic matter. The pores tend to communicate with each other, and gradually evolve from the initial undeveloped state to a complex and interlaced pore network. Organic and inorganic pores are subdivided into 8 categories according to their morphology and origin: spongy organic matter (OM), shrinkage OM, bubble OM, mold, mineral dissolution, intergranular, clay mineral interlayer and modified mineral pores. The transformation degree of organic matter and the primary migration of oil and gas are influenced by the difference of organic macerals. The distribution of organic matter pores showed a strong heterogeneity, and the development of inorganic mineral pores occurred in stages. The effective preservation of pores needs special attention during the shale gas exploration in the high evolution stage.
- marine shale /
- thermal simulation experiment /
- SEM /
- pore evolution /
- organic macerals

HTML全文

图 1 原始页岩样品有机显微组分照片

a.透射光，藻类体与生物碎屑；b. 透射光，几丁石碎屑；c.反射光，视域同b；d. 反射光，笔石碎屑；e.反射光，生物残屑(来源未知)；f.荧光，藻类体与沥青质体

Figure 1. Photomicrographs of organic macerals in raw shale samples

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 原始页岩样品有机显微组分扫描电镜图片与能谱分析

Figure 2. SEM images and EDS analysis of organic macerals in raw shale samples

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 不同热模拟温度下的油气产率

总烃产率=总油产率+烃气产率，总油产率=排出油产率+残留油产率

Figure 3. Hydrocarbon production rate at different thermal simulated temperatures

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 热模拟页岩的孔隙类型

a.海绵状有机孔，LT-325；b.有机质收缩孔，LT-350；c.气泡状有机孔，LT-350；d.铸膜孔，LT-250；e.黄铁矿溶蚀孔，LT-450；f.矿物粒间孔，LT-325；g.黏土矿物层间孔，LT-450；h.改造矿物孔，LT-450

Figure 4. Pore types of thermal simulated shale

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 热模拟页岩扫描电镜图片

Figure 5. SEM images of thermal simulated shale

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图 6 四川盆地焦石坝地区龙马溪组页岩扫描电镜图片

Figure 6. SEM images of shales in Longmaxi Formation, Jiaoshiba area, Sichuan Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 样品热压模拟实验参数设计

Table 1. Design of parameters for thermal-pressure simulation experiment

样品编号	模拟埋深/m	模拟温度/℃	静岩压力/MPa	正常流体压力/MPa	控制流体压力/MPa	古地温/℃
LT-250	2 000	250	50.0	18.0	42.5	85
LT-325	3 500	325	87.5	35.0	74.4	130
LT-350	4 000	350	100.0	40.0	85.0	145
LT-400	4 500	400	112.5	45.0	95.6	160
LT-450	5 500	450	137.5	55.0	116.9	190
LT-550	6 200	550	155.0	62.0	131.8	211

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 热模拟页岩有机地球化学参数

Table 2. Organic geochemical parameters of thermal simulated shale

样品编号	EqVR_o/%	w(TOC)/%	S₁/(mg·g^-1)	S₂/(mg·g^-1)	S₃/(mg·g^-1)	T_max/℃	I_H/(mg·g^-1)	I_O/(mg·g^-1)
LT-250	0.8	5.22	1.90	13.20	0.32	445	253	6
LT-325	0.9	4.60	1.57	12.19	0.47	450	265	10
LT-350	1.3	3.85	1.64	8.40	0.46	460	218	12
LT-400	1.8	2.73	0.34	0.64	0.25	488	23	9
LT-450	2.5	3.70	0.20	0.11	0.42	607	3	11
LT-550	3.7	3.66	0.16	0.05	0.54	/	1	15
注：EqVR_o非实测数据，样品LT-250与原始页岩EqVR_o相当，其余为煤样在同等条件下的模拟实验结果。

下载: 导出CSV

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