Characteristics and main controls of nano-pores in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale, Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组页岩是我国目前实现页岩气商业开发的唯一层系，而在四川盆地及周边不同区域页岩气单井产量却存在明显差异。筛选位于不同构造位置、不同压力系数、相同层段[鲁丹阶早期（LM1-LM3）]5口典型井的36个页岩样品，应用岩石矿物学、构造地质学、储层地质学等手段系统分析了页岩孔隙特征，从储层微观结构方面分析不同地区产量差异的原因。页岩的储集空间主要以有机质孔为主，不同构造区域页岩小孔体积、中孔体积、大孔体积和总孔体积随有机碳含量的增大呈现出不同的趋势，反映不同的孔隙演化阶段。建立了页岩有机质孔隙发育模式，指出页岩孔隙在高压情况下可能被压实，其压实程度与有机质孔孔径、岩石矿物组成、有机质含量、区域构造条件和压力系数密切相关，指出受构造运动影响小且压力系数较高的区域为孔隙发育的有利区。Abstract: The Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale is the only yield layer of commercial deve-lopment of shale gas in China at present. However, there are significant differences in the production of individual shale gas wells in different areas of the Sichuan Basin and its periphery. This paper investigates those differences from the perspective of reservoir space. The pore development of 36 shale samples from the Lower Rhuddanian in 5 typical wells with different reservoir pressure in different tectonic areas in the Sichuan Basin was compared by applying, petromi-neralogical, structural geological and reservoir geological methods. The reservoir space in these shales is dominated by organic pores. With the increase of TOC content, the volumes of micropores (< 10 nm), mesopores (10~50 nm), macropores (>50 nm) and total pores in different structural regions show different trends, reflecting different stages of pore evolution. A preliminary organic pore development model of shale has been established. The extent of pore development in shale samples located in the overpressure area in the basin is obviously better than that in the structural transformation area of the basin margin. It is confirmed by experiments that the shale pores may be compacted under high pressure conditions, and the degree of compaction is closely related to the organic matter pore size, the rock mineral composition, the organic matter content, the domain structure conditions and the pressure coefficient. The areas affected by the weak tectonic movement and having a high pressure coefficient are favorable areas for pore development.
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Key words:
- organic matter pore /
- pore development /
- prediction of favorable area /
- Longmaxi Formation /
- shale /
- Sichuan Basin
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图 1 四川盆地构造分区及龙马溪组页岩样品钻井位置分布
Figure 1. Tectonic units and sampling location of Longmaxi shale in Sichuan Basin
图 2 四川盆地不同地区龙马溪组页岩样品总孔体积与TOC相关关系
Figure 2. Correlation between TOC content and total pore volume of Longmaxi shale samples from different areas of Sichuan Basin
图 3 四川盆地不同地区龙马溪组页岩样品不同孔径的孔体积与TOC的关系
Figure 3. Correlation between TOC content and pore volume of different pore sizes of Longmaxi shale samples from different areas of Sichuan Basin
图 5 四川盆地不同钻井所处构造位置
Figure 5. Detailed structural location of different wells in Sichuan Basin
图 6 四川盆地不同构造区域龙马溪组典型页岩有机质孔扫描电镜图片
Figure 6. SEM photos of organic matter pores in typical Longmaxi shale from different structural area, Sichuan Basin
图 7 四川盆地不同压力构造区域龙马溪组典型页岩有机质孔演化模式
Figure 7. Evolution model of organic matter pores in typical Longmaxi shale from different structural area, Sichuan Basin
表 1 四川盆地W202井和N201井龙马溪组页岩样品矿物组成
Table 1. Mineral composition of Longmaxi shale samples from wells W202 and N201, Sichuan Basin
% 样品编号 黏土总量 石英 钾长石 斜长石 方解石 白云石 黄铁矿 N201-6 31.3 36.7 1.5 5.2 10.5 12.7 2.1 N201-7 28.9 28.2 2.5 3.5 20.3 14.5 2.1 N201-8 15.4 47.3 0 4.6 14.1 15.2 3.4 N201-9 14.7 39.1 0 4 22.9 15.6 3.7 N201-10 19.7 36.8 1.1 4.8 15.7 19.1 2.8 N201-11 28.8 36.0 0.6 2.6 13.6 16.0 2.4 N201-12 17.5 44.2 1.1 2.7 14.4 16.9 3.2 W202-22 0 91.8 0 0 3.6 4.6 0 W202-23 0 86.3 0 2 6.8 4.8 0 W202-24 0 91.2 0 0 3.7 5.1 0 W202-25 0 82.5 0 2.2 6.8 4.8 3.8 
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