Reservoir characteristics of marine-continental shale gas in Upper Permian Longtan Formation, western Guizhou province
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摘要: 为研究上二叠统龙潭组海陆交互相页岩气储层发育特征，基于黔西地区龙潭组参数井钻井资料，系统采集泥页岩样品，运用X-衍射分析、有机地化、扫描电镜、氮吸附、含气量测定及等温吸附等实验手段，开展储层特征研究。该区龙潭组泥页岩具有单层薄、层数多、总厚大的特点，矿物成分主要为黏土矿物和石英，黏土矿物含量较高；干酪根显微组分主体上为镜质组，均为Ⅲ型干酪根，有机碳含量整体上大于3.0%，镜质体反射率（Ro）平均为1.01%，有机质成熟度偏低；储层整体上为超低孔、超低渗，孔隙类型为粒间孔、粒内孔、有机质孔和微裂缝，发育大量纳米级孔隙，以中孔为主，主要为细颈广体的墨水瓶型孔和狭缝型孔，比表面积和总孔体积较大，孔隙分形维数大，相关系数高，表明泥页岩表面粗糙程度大，连通性差，非均质性强。泥页岩现场解吸总含气量较高，吸附性能较强，且互层的煤层含气量高，资源潜力较大；具备良好的页岩气发育地质条件和富集空间，可选取有效的储层改造技术进行合层开采。Abstract: The reservoir characteristics of marine-continental shale gas in the Upper Permian Longtan Formation in the western Guizhou province were studied using X-ray diffraction, organic geochemistry, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption, gas content determination and isothermal adsorption analyses of shale samples from some characteristic wells. The shale in the Longtan Formation in the study area has a large overall thickness, but there are many layers and each layer is thin. The clay mineral content is the highest, followed by the quartz content. The vitrinite group is dominant in the kerogens, which are mainly of type Ⅲ. The TOC content is generally greater than 3.0%. The Ro value averages 1.01%, showing a relatively lower maturity, mainly at the gas generation peak. The reservoir has ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability. Intergranular, intragranular and organic pores as well as micro-fractures were observed. A large number of nano-scale pores and fractures were present. Meso-pores are dominant, shaped like narrow-necked and wide-body ink bottles or narrow pores. Large specific surface area, total pore volume, pore fractal dimension and correlation coefficient indicate that the shale has a rough surface, poor connectivity, and strong heterogeneity. The on-site analysis of shale finds high total gas content and strong adsorption, and the interbedded coal seams show high gas content, indicating a large resource potential. The geological conditions and enrichment space are favorable for shale gas in the study area, and effective reservoir reconstruction technology can be selected for coalbed mining.
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图 1 黔西地区区域地质背景及YV-2井岩性柱状图
Figure 1. Regional geological background and lithology histogram of well YV-2 in western Guizhou province
图 2 黔西地区龙潭组岩心样品铸体薄片鉴定
Figure 2. Identification of casting thin section of core samples from Longtan Formation in western Guizhou province
图 3 黔西地区龙潭组岩心样品全岩及黏土矿物含量分布
Figure 3. Percentage of total rock and clay mineral content of core samples from Longtan Formation in western Guizhou province
图 4 黔西地区龙潭组泥页岩样品有机碳含量频率分布
Figure 4. Frequency distribution of organic carbon content in shale samples from Longtan Formation in western Guizhou province
图 5 黔西地区龙潭组泥页岩孔隙度与TOC及矿物成分的关系
Figure 5. Relationship between shale porosity and TOC, mineral composition of Longtan Formation in western Guizhou province
图 6 黔西地区龙潭组岩心样品微观孔隙类型及特征
Figure 6. Pore types and characteristics of shale samples from Longtan Formation in western Guizhou province
图 7 黔西地区龙潭组岩心样品吸附—脱附曲线
Figure 7. Adsorption and desorption curves of core samples from Longtan Formation in western Guizhou province
图 8 黔西地区龙潭组岩心样品孔径分布
Figure 8. Pore size distribution of core samples from Longtan Formation in western Guizhou province
图 9 黔西地区龙潭组泥页岩样品分形曲线
Figure 9. Fractal curves of shale samples from Longtan Formation in western Guizhou province
图 10 黔西地区龙潭组泥页岩样品甲烷吸附曲线
Figure 10. Methane adsorption isotherms for shale samples from Longtan Formation in western Guizhou province
表 1 黔西地区龙潭组泥页岩测试样品基本情况
Table 1. Information of shale test samples from Longtan Formation in western Guizhou province
样品编号 井名 岩性 w(TOC)/% Ro/% 孔隙度/% 渗透率/10-3μm2 吸附气含量/(m3•t-1) PG-1 HV-2 深灰色粉砂质泥岩 1.23 0.94 PG-2 HV-2 黑色含碳泥岩 5.20 1.05 1.55 2.08 PG-3 HV-2 深灰色粉砂质泥岩 1.86 1.28 2.26 0.000 878 PG-4 HV-2 灰黑色泥岩 3.12 0.89 PG-5 JV-3 深灰色泥岩 4.41 0.92 0.67 0.000 322 2.45 PG-6 JV-3 灰黑色含碳页岩 7.99 0.90 3.09 PG-7 JV-3 深灰色页岩 2.08 0.87 7.15 - 3.51 PG-8 JV-3 黑色碳质页岩 8.64 1.02 PG-9 JV-3 黑色碳质页岩 5.86 0.99 3.02 0.000 447 PG-10 YV-2 深灰色粉砂质泥岩 3.88 1.09 3.39 0.001 065 PG-11 YV-2 灰黑色粉砂质泥岩 6.53 1.22 4.19 - 3.53 PG-12 YV-2 深灰色粉砂质泥岩 2.75 1.06 PG-13 YV-2 深灰色泥岩 3.91 1.12 PG-14 YV-2 深灰色泥岩 4.51 1.08 4.41 PG-15 YV-3 深灰色泥岩 3.67 1.04 PG-16 YV-3 深灰色粉砂质泥岩 4.19 1.09 PG-17 YV-3 灰黑色泥岩 2.90 0.68 2.95 PG-18 YV-3 深灰色粉砂质泥岩 3.15 0.96 
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表 2 黔西地区龙潭组岩心样品孔隙结构参数
Table 2. Pore structure parameters of core samples from Longtan Formation in western Guizhou province
参数 PG-2 PG-3 PG-9 PG-10 PG-12 PG-13 比表面积/(m2•g-1) 9.366 11.285 32.691 11.764 31.183 21.879 总孔体积/(m3•g-1) 0.007 75 0.015 00 0.011 90 0.024 40 0.010 30 0.005 41 平均孔直径/nm 4.42 5.92 3.10 8.46 2.87 2.72
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表 3 基于氮气吸附法的泥页岩微观孔隙分形维数
Table 3. Fractal dimensions of micro pores in shale based on nitrogen adsorption
样品编号 D1拟合方程 D1 相关系数R2 D2拟合方程 D2 相关系数R2 PG-2 y=-0.164 4x+1.152 2.835 6 0.975 9 y =-0.232 6x+1.118 2 2.767 4 0.995 1 PG-3 y=-0.331 1x+0.76 2.668 9 0.982 9 y=-0.431 2x+0.659 9 2.568 8 0.999 7 PG-9 y=-0.103 6x+2.364 5 2.896 4 0.988 1 y=-0.159 7x+2.353 2 2.840 3 0.981 6 PG-10 y=-0.275 3x+1.911 2.724 7 0.978 9 y=-0.420 8x+1.822 2 2.579 2 0.995 6 PG-12 y=-0.082 9x+2.311 5 2.917 1 0.981 2 y=-0.141 7x+2.295 5 2.858 3 0.979 7 PG-13 y=-0.074 4x+1.946 2 2.925 6 0.993 2 y=-0.136 3x+1.937 2.863 7 0.967 9
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