全球地壳隆坳演化与盆地

康玉柱

doi:10.11781/sysydz202005653

全球地壳隆坳演化与盆地

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202005653

康玉柱

中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083

详细信息

作者简介:
康玉柱(1936-), 男, 中国工程院院士, 教授级高级工程师, 从事石油、天然气的勘查研究工作。E-mail: kangyz.syky@sinopec.com

中图分类号: TE121.2
计量
- 文章访问数: 1183
- HTML全文浏览量: 212
- PDF下载量: 260
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-06
- 修回日期: 2020-08-03
- 刊出日期: 2020-09-28

Evolution of global crustal uplift and subsidence and basins

KANG Yuzhu

SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 地球地壳在多种地应力，包括挤压应力、拉张应力及扭动应力作用下，产生抬升隆起或沉降坳陷及走滑。由于构造运动造成地壳隆起和坳陷，导致海陆变迁。地球在地质历史演化过程中，地壳隆起成为造山带或隆起区；坳陷变成为各种类型盆地。全球盆地可分为5大类型，即裂陷—克拉通盆地、克拉通内坳陷盆地、前陆盆地、断陷盆地和坳陷盆地；全球构造主要有8大变形样式，即东西向构造变形样式、南北向构造变形样式、北东向构造变形样式、北北东向构造变形样式、北西向构造变形样式、山字型构造变形样式、S型或反S型构造变形样式和旋扭构造变形样式。中国古生代克拉通盆地油气主要分布于古隆起、古斜坡、区域性不整合及断裂带等处；中新生代断陷盆地油气主要分布在陡坡带、缓坡带和中央构造带等部位；中新生代前陆盆地油气分布在断褶带、斜坡带及逆掩带；各类扭动构造，如帚状构造、雁列构造、旋扭状构造、反S型构造、入字型构造等控制着油气的分布。
- 油气分布 /
- 构造变形样式 /
- 隆坳演化 /
- 盆地类型 /
- 全球构造
Abstract: The earth's crust is under various stresses including compressive stress, tensile stress and torsional stress, resulting in uplift, subsidence, depression and strike-slip. The tectonic movement caused uplifts and depressions in the crust, leading to changes in the land and sea. During the geological evolution history, the crust uplifted into orogenic belts or uplift areas, while depressions changed to various types of basins. Global basins can be divided into five major types, namely rift-craton, intracratonic depression, foreland, fault and depression ones. There are eight major deformation styles in the global structure, namely, east-west, north-south, north-east, north-north-east, north-west, epsilon-shaped, S- or reversed-S shaped, and twisted ones. Oil and gas in the Paleozoic cratonic basins of China are mainly distributed in paleo-uplifts, paleo-slopes, regional unconformities, and fault zones. In Mesozoic and Cenozoic faulted basins, oil and gas are mainly distributed in steep slopes, gentle slopes, and central structural belts. In Mesozoic and Cenozoic foreland basins, oil and gas are distributed in fault fold belts, slope belts and overthrust belts. Various twisted structures, such as broom-shaped, echelon, knob-shaped, reversed S-shaped, and λ-shaped ones, control oil and gas distribution.
- oil and gas distribution /
- structural deformation style /
- uplift and depression evolution /
- basin type /
- global structure

HTML全文

图 1 中国古生代克拉通盆地演化

据文献[12]修改。

Figure 1. Evolution of Paleozoic cratonic basins in China

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 塔里木盆地油气分布

Figure 2. Oil and gas distribution in the Tarim Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 四川盆地油气分布示意

Figure 3. Oil and gas distribution in the Sichuan Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 塔河油田断裂不整合控油模式

Figure 4. Oil controlling mode of fault unconformities in the Tahe Oilfield

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 渤海湾断陷盆地构造剖面及油气分布示意

据胜利油田，2016。

Figure 5. Structural section and hydrocarbon distribution of the Bohai Bay Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 塔里木盆地库车前陆盆地构造剖面及油气分布示意

Figure 6. Structural section and hydrocarbon distribution of the Kuqa Foreland Basin, Tarim Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 塔里木盆地塔中帚状构造及油气分布

Figure 7. Broom structure section and hydrocarbon distribution in the Tazhong area, Tarim Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 塔里木盆地塔河旋扭构造及油气分布示意

Figure 8. Twist structure section and hydrocarbon distribution in Tahe area, Tarim Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 柴达木盆地反S型构造及油气分布示意

据文献[33]修改。

Figure 9. Reversed S-shaped structure and hydrocarbon distribution in the Qaidam Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 全球主要构造运动

Table 1. Main tectonic movements in the world

表 2 中国震旦纪—古生代发育盆地演化阶段

Table 2. Evolution stages of Sinian-Paleozoic basins in China

时代	演化阶段	演化特征
震旦纪—中奥陶世	裂陷期及大洋扩张(裂陷—克拉通盆地)	华北、华南、塔里木、准噶尔、青藏陆块分离，陆块周边为裂陷盆地及克拉通盆地(华北与华南两类生物群)
晚奥陶世—中志留世	陆块挤压俯冲消减(挠曲克拉通)	由于南北挤压作用，各大陆块洋盆逐渐消减；华北陆块成为古陆(O₃-C₁缺失)，主要形成挤压克拉通盆地
晚志留世—泥盆纪	挤压碰撞造山，中国古大陆形成(挠曲克拉通)	各大陆块边缘隆起造山；造山带前缘形成前渊盆地；古亚洲洋继续扩张
石炭纪—二叠纪	拉张—挤压隆升阶段(克拉通内坳陷盆地)	C-P₁拉张古特提斯洋扩张(西南部)；海平面上升，中国广泛接受海陆交互相沉积；P₁火山活动强烈；P₂挤压，塔里木、准噶尔、柴达木、华北海水退出，为陆相沉积；华南海相持续到T₂末，形成广泛的克拉通内坳陷盆地

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(33)

[1]	康玉柱, 邢树文. 全球构造体系概论[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2018. KANG Yuzhu, XING Shuwen. Introduction to global tectonic system[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2018.
[2]	康玉柱. 全球油气分布规律及发展战略[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2016. KANG Yuzhu. Global oil and gas distribution and development strategy[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2016.
[3]	康玉柱, 王宗秀, 李会军, 等. 松辽地区构造体系控油作用研究[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2015. KANG Yuzhu, WANG Zongxiu, LI Huijun, et al. Study on oil control of structural system in Songliao area[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2015.
[4]	康玉柱, 王宗秀. 华北盆地构造体系控油作用研究[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2017. KANG Yuzhu, WANG Zongxiu. Oil control of tectonic system in North China Basin[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2017.
[5]	康玉柱, 王宗秀. 四川盆地构造体系控油作用研究[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2014. KANG Yuzhu, WANG Zongxiu. Study on oil control of structural system in Sichuan Basin[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2014.
[6]	刘宝珺, 许效松, 潘杏南, 等. 中国南方古大陆沉积地壳演化与成矿[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1993. LIU Baojun, XU Xiaosong, PAN Xing'nan, et al. Sedimentary crust evolution and mineralization of the ancient continent in southern China[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1993.
[7]	康玉柱. 西北地区石油地质特征及油气前景[J]. 石油实验地质, 1984, 6(3): 229-240. doi: 10.11781/sysydz198403229 KANG Yuzhu. Characteristics of petroleum geology setting and hydrocarbon prospects of northwestern China[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 1984, 6(3): 229-240. doi: 10.11781/sysydz198403229
[8]	康玉柱, 蔡希源, 张传林. 中国古生代海相油气田形成条件与分布[M]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆科技卫生出版社, 2002. KANG Yuzhu, CAI Xiyuan, ZHANG Chuanlin. Formation conditions and distribution of Paleozoic marine oil and gas fields in China[M]. Urumqi: Xinjiang Science and Technology Health Press, 2002.
[9]	康玉柱, 孙红军, 康志宏, 等. 中国古生代海相油气地质学[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2011. KANG Yuzhu, SUN Hongjun, KANG Zhihong, et al. Paleozoic marine petroleum geology of China[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2011.
[10]	康玉柱. 中国古生代海相成油特征[C]//面向21世纪的科技进步与社会经济发展(上册). 乌鲁木齐: 新疆科技卫生出版社, 1999. KANG Yuzhu. Characteristics of Paleozoic marine oil generation in China[C]//Scientific and technological progress and social and economic development facing the 21st century (Volume Ⅰ). Urumqi: Xinjiang Science and Technology Health Press, 1999.
[11]	康玉柱, 王宗秀, 康志宏, 等. 准噶尔—吐哈盆地构造体系控油作用研究[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2011. KANG Yuzhu, WANG Zongxiu, KANG Zhihong, et al. Study on oil control of structural system in Junggar- Turpan basins[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2011.
[12]	张渝昌. 中国含油气盆地原型分析[M]. 南京: 南京大学出版社, 1997: 48. ZHANG Yuchang. Prototype analysis of petroliferous basins in China[M]. Nanjing: Nanjing University Press, 1997: 48.
[13]	包茨, 杨先杰, 李登湘. 四川盆地地质构造特征及天然气远景预测[J]. 天然气工业, 1985, 5(4): 1-11. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG198504001.htm BAO Ci, YANG Xianjie, LI Dengxiang. Geological structure characteristics and gas prospect prediction of the Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 1985, 5(4): 1-11. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG198504001.htm
[14]	黄汲清, 任纪舜, 姜春发, 等. 中国大地构造及其演化[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1980. HUANG Jiqing, REN Jishun, JIANG Chunfa, et al. Geotectonics and its evolution in China[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1980.
[15]	翟光明. 中国石油地质志(卷13): 玉门油田[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 1989. ZHAI Guangming. Petroleum geology of China (Vol. 13): Yumen Oilfield[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1989.
[16]	翟光明. 中国石油地质志(卷14): 青藏油气区[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 1990. ZHAI Guangming. Petroleum geology of China(Vol. 14): Qinghai Tibet oil and gas region[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1990.
[17]	康玉柱. 油气地质力学[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2012. KANG Yuzhu. Petroleum geomechanics[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2012.
[18]	孙殿卿. 中国石油普查勘探中的地质力学理论与实践[J]. 中国地质科学院地质力学研究所所刊, 1989(13): 9-22. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLX198902002.htm SUN Dianqing. Geomechanics theory and practice in petroleum exploration in China[J]. Bulletin of the Institute of Geomechanics CAGS, 1989(13): 9-22. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLX198902002.htm
[19]	徐曦, 朱晓颖, 单希鹏, 等. 下扬子区中新生代沿江盆地群的盆地结构与沉积特征[J]. 石油实验地质, 2018, 40(3): 303-314. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201803303 XU Xi, ZHU Xiaoying, SHAN Xipeng, et al. Structure and sedimentary characteristics of the Meso-Cenozoic basin group along the Yangtze River in the Lower Yangtze region[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2018, 40(3): 303-314. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201803303
[20]	张伟忠, 张云银, 王兴谋, 等. 济阳坳陷盆缘次生气藏输导模式[J]. 石油实验地质, 2019, 41(2): 185-192. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201902185 ZHANG Weizhong, ZHANG Yunyin, WANG Xingmou, et al. Transmission model of secondary gas reservoir on the basin margin of Jiyang Depression[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2019, 41(2): 185-192. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201902185
[21]	康玉柱, 王宗秀. 塔里木盆地构造体系控油作用研究[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2009. KANG Yuzhu, WANG Zongxiu. Oil control of structural system in Tarim Basin[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2009.
[22]	康玉柱, 王宗秀. 柴达木盆地构造体系控油作用研究[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2011. KANG Yuzhu, WANG Zongxiu. Oil control of structural system in the Qaidam Basin[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2011.
[23]	康玉柱, 王宗秀. 鄂尔多斯盆地构造体系控油作用研究[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2014. KANG Yuzhu, WANG Zongxiu. Study on oil control of structural system in the Ordos Basin[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2014.
[24]	李宗浩, 刘海磊, 卞保力, 等. 准噶尔盆地西北缘掩伏带构造特征及勘探潜力分析[J]. 特种油气藏, 2018, 25(5): 56-60. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TZCZ201805011.htm LI Zonghao, LIU Hailei, BIAN Baoli, et al. Structure characte-rization and exploration potential analysis of the shielding belt in the northwestern rim of Junggar Basin[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2018, 25(5): 56-60. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TZCZ201805011.htm
[25]	康玉柱, 康志江. 地质力学在塔里木盆地油气勘查中的重大进展[J]. 地质力学学报, 1995, 1(2): 1-10. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLX502.000.htm KANG Yuzhu, KANG Zhijiang. Progress of geomechanics in oil and gas exploration in Tarim Basin[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 1995, 1(2): 1-10. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLX502.000.htm
[26]	李四光. 地质力学概论[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1973. LI Siguang. Introduction to geomechanics[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1973.
[27]	李四光. 旋卷构造及其他有关中国西北部大地构造体系复合问題[J]. 地质学报, 1954, 34(4): 339-410. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE195404000.htm LI Siguang. Vortex structure and other problems relating to the compounding of geotectonic systems of north-western China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1954, 34(4): 339-410. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE195404000.htm
[28]	王鸿祯, 杨森楠, 刘本培. 中国及邻区构造古地理和生物古地理[M]. 武汉: 中国地质大学出版社, 1990. WANG Hongzhen, YANG Sennan, LIU Benpei. Tectonic palaeogeo-graphy and biogeography of China and its adjacent areas[M]. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 1990.
[29]	朱夏. 中国中新生代盆地构造和演化[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1983. ZHU Xia. Structure and evolution of Mesozoic-Cenozoic basins in China[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1983.
[30]	康玉柱. 塔里木盆地构造体系与油气关系[C]//地质力学文集(9). 北京: 地质出版社, 1989. KANG Yuzhu. The relationship between structural system and hydrocarbon in the Tarim Basin[C]//Geomechanics (9). Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1989.
[31]	康玉柱, 叶留生, 康志宏, 等. 中国西北地区油气地质特征及资源评价[M]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆科技卫生出版社, 1997. KANG Yuzhu, YE Liusheng, KANG Zhihong, et al. Petroleum geological characteristics and resource evaluation in Northwest China[M]. Urumqi: Xinjiang Science and Technology Health Press, 1997.
[32]	康玉柱, 甘振伟, 康志宏, 等. 中国主要盆地油气分布规律及勘探经验[M]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆科学技术出版社, 2004. KANG Yuzhu, GAN Zhenwei, KANG Zhihong, et al. Hydrocarbon distribution and exploration experience in major basins of China[M]. Urumqi: Xinjiang Science and Technology Press, 2004.
[33]	康玉柱. 中国油气地质新理论的建立[J]. 地质学报, 2010, 84(9): 1231-1274. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE201009001.htm KANG Yuzhu. Establishment of China's theory of oil and gas geology[J]. ACTA Geologica Sinica, 2010, 84(9): 1231-1274. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE201009001.htm