Marine petroleum exploration in South China
-
摘要: 中国南方海相地层主要分布在古生界与中生界，地层年代老，演化程度高，受多旋回沉积及多期构造演化史控制，虽油气基础地质条件优越，但油气分布与成藏复杂；勘探主要经历了油气普查、构造油气藏、大规模岩性气藏与页岩气勘探3个阶段。前期虽取得多个领域重大突破，但整体探明率低，为明确其油气勘探前景，对先期发现的大气田与近期勘探新进展进行了系统总结。中国南方海相油气勘探潜力大，四川盆地深层—超深层与新领域是重点勘探突破方向，其中上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组非常规页岩气与阆中—元坝上震旦统灯影组台缘区带、通南巴震旦系—寒武系台内滩、川南綦江下组合盐下、二叠—三叠系礁滩等常规气深层—超深层领域，总资源量达数万亿方，有望实现新一轮大突破、大发现；此外，二叠系、侏罗系非常规页岩气与二叠系热液白云岩、岩溶缝洞群、灰泥灰岩、沉凝灰岩等常规气新领域勘探潜力大。四川盆地盆缘构造复杂区油气勘探不断取得新发现，盆缘残留向斜区页岩气与常规山前带领域是主要勘探方向；南方外围古隆起周缘及递进变形区，构造变形弱，保存条件有利，具有一定的勘探潜力，有望成为油气战略接替区。Abstract: Marine strata in South China are mainly distributed in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic. The strata are old and the thermal evolution degree is high. It was controlled by the multi-cycle sedimentary and multi-stage structural evolution history. The petroleum basic geological conditions are superior, but the distribution of oil and gas is complicated. Oil and gas exploration has mainly gone through three stages: general survey, structural reservoir, massive lithologic gas reservoir and shale gas exploration. Although major breakthroughs have been made in many fields, the overall detection rate is low. A systematic summary of the early discovery of large gas fields and the new progress of exploration was made in order to clarify the prospects for oil and gas exploration. There is a large potential for marine petroleum exploration in South China. Deep and ultra-deep strata as well as new areas are important breakthrough directions in the Sichuan Basin. The unconventional shale gas reservoirs in the Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi formations and the conventional gas reservoirs in the platform margin zone of the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation in Langzhong-Yuanba, the platform inner beach facies in the Sinian-Cambrian in Tongnanba, the pre-salt strata in the lower assemblage in Qijiang in the southern Sichuan and the reef beach facies in the Permian-Triassic have a total resource amount to trillions of cubic meters, which is expected to achieve a new round of breakthroughs and discoveries. Besides, unconventional shale gas in the Permian and Jurassic and some new targets for conventional gas such as hydrothermal dolomites, karst fissure group, stucco limestones and sedimentary tuffs in the Permian show a great exploration potential. New discoveries continue to be made in complex basin-margin regions in the Sichuan Basin. Shale gas in the residual syncline area and conventional piedmont areas in the basin margin are the main exploration directions. The periphery of ancient uplifts and the progressive deformation area in the southern periphery have weak structural deformation, and the preservation conditions are favorable with a certain exploration potential, and are expected to become a strategic succession area for oil and gas.
-
图 2 四川盆地东南部五峰组—龙马溪组深层页岩典型探井孔隙度、压力系数、含气量对比
Figure 2. Comparison of porosity, pressure coefficient and gas content of typical exploratory wells in deep shale, Wufeng-Longmaxi formations, southeastern Sichuan Basin
图 3 四川盆地及周缘龙马溪组页岩气底界埋深
Figure 3. Bottom boundary of shale gas in Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin and its periphery
图 4 川北地区灯影组、茅口组、飞仙关组台缘结构特征剖面
Figure 4. Platform margin structure in Dengying, Maokou and Feixianguan formations, northern Sichuan Basin
图 5 四川盆地茅口组多类型储层特征
Figure 5. Characteristics of diversified reservoirs in Maokou Formation, Sichuan Basin
图 6 四川盆地米仓山前带构造结构剖面和变形特征
Figure 6. Structural section and deformation characteristics of Micangshan piedmont, Sichuan Basin
-
[1] 朱夏. 我国中新生界含油气盆地的大地构造特征及有关问题[C]//中国大地构造问题. 北京: 科学出版社, 1965: 6-42.ZHU Xia. China mid-Cenozoic gas-bearing basins tectonic features and relevant problems[C]//China tectonic problems. Beijing: Science Press, 1965: 6-42. [2] 朱夏, 陈焕疆. 中国大陆边缘构造和盆地演化[J]. 石油实验地质, 1982, 4(3): 153-160. http://www.sysydz.net/article/id/8ce88991-7fd2-4ac5-87da-d842c537b18aZHU Xia, CHEN Huanjiang. Tectonic evolution of the continental margin and basins of China[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 1982, 4(3): 153-160. http://www.sysydz.net/article/id/8ce88991-7fd2-4ac5-87da-d842c537b18a [3] 朱夏. 朱夏论中国含油气盆地构造[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 1986.ZHU Xia. ZHU Xia's discussion on China's petroleum basin[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1986. [4] 刘树根, 徐国盛, 梁卫, 等. 川东石炭系气藏的封盖条件研究[J]. 成都理工学院学报, 1996, 23(3): 69-78. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG603.009.htmLIU Shugen, XU Guosheng, LIANG Wei, et al. The seal condition of Carboniferous gas pools in eastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Chengdu Institute of Technology, 1996, 23(3): 69-78. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG603.009.htm [5] 胡光灿, 谢姚祥. 中国四川东部高陡构造石炭系气田[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 1997.HU Guangcan, XIE Yaoxiang. Carboniferous gas field of high steep structures of eastern Sichuan in China[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1997. [6] 马永生. 中国海相油气田勘探实例之六: 四川盆地普光大气田的发现与勘探[J]. 海相油气地质, 2006, 11(2): 35-40. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HXYQ200602005.htmMA Yongsheng. Cases of discovery and exploration of marine fields in China (part 6): Puguang gas field in Sichuan Basin[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2006, 11(2): 35-40. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HXYQ200602005.htm [7] 郭旭升, 郭彤楼, 黄仁春, 等. 普光—元坝大型气田储层发育特征与预测技术[J]. 中国工程科学, 2010, 12(10): 82-90. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GCKX201010017.htmGUO Xusheng, GUO Tonglou, HUANG Renchun, et al. Reservoir development characteristics and predication technologies of large Puguang-Yuanba Gas Field[J]. Engineering Sciences, 2010, 12(10): 82-90. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GCKX201010017.htm [8] 郭旭升, 郭彤楼. 普光、元坝碳酸盐岩台地边缘大气田勘探理论与实践[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2012.GUO Xusheng, GUO Tonglou. Theory and practice of exploration of atmospheric fields on the edge of carbonate platforms in Puguang and Yuanba[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2012. [9] 郭旭升, 胡东风, 李宇平, 等. 四川盆地元坝气田发现与理论技术[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45(1): 14-26. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK201801003.htmGUO Xusheng, HU Dongfeng, LI Yuping, et al. Discovery and theoretical and technical innovations of Yuanba Gas Field in Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Deve-lopment, 2018, 45(1): 14-26. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK201801003.htm [10] GUO Xusheng, HU Dongfeng, LI Yuping, et al. Theoretical progress and key technologies of onshore ultra-deep oil/gas exploration[J]. Engineering, 2019, 5(3): 458-470. doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.01.012 [11] 胡东风. 普光气田与元坝气田礁滩储层特征的差异性及其成因[J]. 天然气工业, 2011, 31(10): 17-21. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201110006.htmHU Dongfeng. Differences in reef-bank reservoir features between Puguang and Yuanba gas fields and their reasons[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2011, 31(10): 17-21. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201110006.htm [12] 尹正武, 凡睿, 陈祖庆, 等. 生物礁滩岩性气藏含气面积的圈定方法: 以元坝气田长兴组气藏为例[J]. 石油实验地质, 2012, 34(5): 499-505. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201205499YIN Zhengwu, FAN Rui, CHEN Zuqing, et al. Delineation of gas-bearing area of lithologic gas reservoir in organic beach reef: a case study in Changxing Formation, Yuanba Gas Field[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2012, 34(5): 499-505. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201205499 [13] 范小军. 超深层礁滩岩性气藏中高产井成因分析: 以川东北元坝地区长兴组礁滩相储层为例[J]. 石油实验地质, 2014, 36(1): 70-76. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201401070FAN Xiaojun. Genetic analysis of high-yield wells of ultra-deep reef-shoal lithologic gas reservoirs: a case study of reef-shoal facies reservoirs in Changxing Formation, Yuanba area, northeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2014, 36(1): 70-76. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201401070 [14] 郭旭升. 南方海相页岩气"二元富集"规律: 四川盆地及周缘龙马溪组页岩气勘探实践认识[J]. 地质学报, 2014, 88(7): 1209-1218. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE201407001.htmGUO Xusheng. Rules of two-factor enrichiment for marine shale gas in southern China: understanding from the Longmaxi Formation shale gas in Sichuan Basin and its surrounding area[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2014, 88(7): 1209-1218. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE201407001.htm [15] 魏祥峰, 李宇平, 魏志红, 等. 保存条件对四川盆地及周缘海相页岩气富集高产的影响机制[J]. 石油实验地质, 2017, 39(2): 147-153. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201702147WEI Xiangfeng, LI Yuping, WEI Zhihong, et al. Effects of pre-servation conditions on enrichment and high yield of shale gas in Sichuan Basin and its periphery[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2017, 39(2): 147-153. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201702147 [16] 牟书令, 金之钧, 刘家铎, 等. 中国海相油气勘探理论技术与实践[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2009: 15-16.MU Shuling, JIN Zhijun, LIU Jiaduo, et al. Theoretical technology and practice of marine petroleum exploration in China[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2009: 15-16. [17] 焦方正, 冯建辉, 易积正, 等. 中扬子地区海相天然气勘探方向、关键问题与勘探对策[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2015, 20(2): 1-8. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KTSY201502001.htmJIAO Fangzheng, FENG Jianhui, YI Jizheng, et al. Direction, key factors and solution of marine natural gas exploration in Yangtze area[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2015, 20(2): 1-8. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KTSY201502001.htm [18] 段金宝, 黄仁春, 程胜辉, 等. 川东北元坝地区长兴期—飞仙关期碳酸盐岩台地沉积体系及演化[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 35(6): 663-668. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG200806010.htmDUAN Jinbao, HUANG Renchun, CHENG Shenghui, et al. Depositional system and the evolution of carbonate rock platform of Changxing-Feixianguan period in Yuanba area of northeast Sichuan, China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 2008, 35(6): 663-668. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG200806010.htm [19] 尹正武. 四川盆地元坝气田超深层礁滩气藏储层气水识别技术[J]. 天然气工业, 2014, 34(5): 66-71. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201405009.htmYIN Zhengwu. Gas-water identification technologies for ultra deep reef reservoirs in the Yuanba Gas Field, Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014, 34(5): 66-71. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201405009.htm [20] 陈祖庆, 杨鸿飞, 王静波, 等. 页岩气高精度三维地震勘探技术的应用与探讨: 以四川盆地焦石坝大型页岩气田勘探实践为例[J]. 天然气工业, 2016, 36(2): 9-20. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201602003.htmCHEN Zuqing, YANG Hongfei, WANG Jingbo, et al. Application of 3D high-precision seismic technology to shale gas exploration: a case study of the large Jiaoshiba Shale Gas Field in the Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2016, 36(2): 9-20. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201602003.htm [21] 陈红宇, 卢龙飞, 刘伟新, 等. 蛋白石硅质页岩成岩过程中的孔隙结构变化特征[J]. 石油实验地质, 2017, 39(3): 341-347. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201703341CHEN Hongyu, LU Longfei, LIU Weixin, et al. Pore network changes in opaline siliceous shale during diagenesis[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2017, 39(3): 341-347. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201703341 [22] 黄仁春, 魏祥峰, 王强. 四川盆地东南缘丁山地区页岩气成藏富集的关键控制因素[J]. 海相油气地质, 2017, 22(2): 25-30. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HXYQ201702004.htmHUANG Renchun, WEI Xiangfeng, WANG Qiang. Key factors of shale gas accumulation in Dingshan area of southeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2017, 22(2): 25-30. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HXYQ201702004.htm [23] 段金宝, 梅庆华, 李毕松, 等. 四川盆地震旦纪—早寒武世构造—沉积演化过程[J]. 地球科学(中国地质大学学报), 2019, 44(3): 738-755. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX201903005.htmDUAN Jinbao, MEI Qinghua, LI Bisong, et al. Sinian-Early Cambrian tectonic-sedimentary evolution in Sichuan Basin[J]. Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences), 2019, 44(3): 738-755. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX201903005.htm [24] 段金宝, 代林呈, 李毕松, 等. 四川盆地北部上震旦统灯影组四段储层特征及其控制因素[J]. 天然气工业, 2019, 39(7): 9-20. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201907003.htmDUAN Jinbao, DAI Lincheng, LI Bisong, et al. Reservoir characte-ristics and their controlling factors of the fourth member of Upper Sinian Dengying Fm in the northern Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2019, 39(7): 9-20. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201907003.htm [25] 郭旭升, 胡东风, 段金宝, 等. 四川盆地北部宁强胡家坝灯影组四段岩石特征及沉积环境分析[J]. 石油实验地质, 2018, 40(6): 749-756. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201806749GUO Xusheng, HU Dongfeng, DUAN Jinbao, et al. Rock features and sedimentary environment of the fourth member of Dengying Formation in Hujiaba section of Ningqiang, northern Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2018, 40(6): 749-756. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201806749 [26] 胡东风. 四川盆地元坝地区茅口组台缘浅滩天然气勘探的突破与启示[J]. 天然气工业, 2019, 39(3): 1-10. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201903001.htmHU Dongfeng. Breakthrough in natural gas exploration in the platform margin shoal at the Maokou Fm in the Yuanba area, Sichuan Basin, and its implications[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2019, 39(3): 1-10. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201903001.htm [27] 胡东风, 王良军, 黄仁春, 等. 四川盆地东部地区中二叠统茅口组白云岩储层特征及其主控因素[J]. 天然气工业, 2019, 39(6): 13-21. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201906003.htmHU Dongfeng, WANG Liangjun, HUANG Renchun, et al. Characteristics and main controlling factors of the Middle Permian Maokou dolomite reservoirs in the eastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2019, 36(6): 13-21. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201906003.htm [28] 周德华, 焦方正, 郭旭升, 等. 川东北元坝区块中下侏罗统页岩油气地质分析[J]. 石油实验地质, 2013, 35(6): 596-600. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201306596ZHOU Dehua, JIAO Fangzheng, GUO Xusheng, et al. Geologic analysis of Middle-Lower Jurassic shale reservoirs in Yuanba area, northeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2013, 35(6): 596-600. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201306596 [29] 郭旭升, 胡东风, 刘若冰, 等. 四川盆地二叠系海陆过渡相页岩气地质条件及勘探潜力[J]. 天然气工业, 2018, 38(10): 11-18. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201810003.htmGUO Xusheng, HU Dongfeng, LIU Ruobing, et al. Geological conditions and exploration potential of Permian marine-continent transitional facies shale gas in the Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2018, 38(10): 11-18. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201810003.htm [30] 魏祥峰, 黄静, 李宇平, 等. 元坝地区大安寨段陆相页岩气富集高产主控因素[J]. 中国地质, 2014, 41(3): 970-981. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DIZI201403022.htmWEI Xiangfeng, HUANG Jing, LI Yuping, et al. The main factors controlling the enrichment and high production of Da'anzhai member continental shale gas in Yuanba area[J]. Chinese Geology, 2014, 41(3): 970-981. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DIZI201403022.htm [31] 沈传波, 梅廉夫, 刘昭茜, 等. 黄陵隆起中—新生代隆升作用的裂变径迹证据[J]. 矿物岩石, 2009, 29(2): 54-60. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KWYS200902010.htmSHEN Chuanbo, MEI Lianfu, LIU Zhaoqian, et al. Apatite and zircon fission track data, evidences for the Mesozoic-Cenozoic uplift of Huangling Dome, Central China[J]. Journal of Minera-logy and Petrology, 2009, 29(2): 54-60. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KWYS200902010.htm [32] 张君峰, 许浩, 周志, 等. 鄂西宜昌地区页岩气成藏地质特征[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(8): 887-899. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB201908001.htmZHANG Junfeng, XU Hao, ZHOU Zhi, et al. Geological characteristics of shale gas reservoir in Yichang area, western Hubei[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2019, 40(8): 887-899. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB201908001.htm [33] 赵宗举, 朱琰, 邓红婴, 等. 中国南方古隆起对中、古生界原生油气藏的控制作用[J]. 石油实验地质, 2003, 25(1): 10-17. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200301010ZHAO Zongju, ZHU Yan, DEND Hongying, et al. Control of paleo-uplifts to the Meso-Paleozoic primary oil and gas pools in the south of China[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2003, 25(1): 10-17. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200301010 [34] 张子亚, 张聪, 石砥石, 等. 宁蒗—盐源地区(云宁地1井)泥盆系获天然气重大发现[J]. 中国地质, 2019, 46(2): 432-433. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DIZI201902021.htmZHANG Ziya, ZHANG Cong, SHI Dishi, et al. Important disco-very of Devonian natural gas in Yunningdi 1 Well of Ninglang-Yanyuan area[J]. Chinese Geology, 2019, 46(2): 432-433. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DIZI201902021.htm -
下载:
图(7)
计量
- 文章访问数: 1332
- HTML全文浏览量: 203
- PDF下载量: 270
- 被引次数: 0
苏公网安备32021102000780号