Marine petroleum exploration in South China
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摘要: 中国南方海相地层主要分布在古生界与中生界，地层年代老，演化程度高，受多旋回沉积及多期构造演化史控制，虽油气基础地质条件优越，但油气分布与成藏复杂；勘探主要经历了油气普查、构造油气藏、大规模岩性气藏与页岩气勘探3个阶段。前期虽取得多个领域重大突破，但整体探明率低，为明确其油气勘探前景，对先期发现的大气田与近期勘探新进展进行了系统总结。中国南方海相油气勘探潜力大，四川盆地深层—超深层与新领域是重点勘探突破方向，其中上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组非常规页岩气与阆中—元坝上震旦统灯影组台缘区带、通南巴震旦系—寒武系台内滩、川南綦江下组合盐下、二叠—三叠系礁滩等常规气深层—超深层领域，总资源量达数万亿方，有望实现新一轮大突破、大发现；此外，二叠系、侏罗系非常规页岩气与二叠系热液白云岩、岩溶缝洞群、灰泥灰岩、沉凝灰岩等常规气新领域勘探潜力大。四川盆地盆缘构造复杂区油气勘探不断取得新发现，盆缘残留向斜区页岩气与常规山前带领域是主要勘探方向；南方外围古隆起周缘及递进变形区，构造变形弱，保存条件有利，具有一定的勘探潜力，有望成为油气战略接替区。Abstract: Marine strata in South China are mainly distributed in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic. The strata are old and the thermal evolution degree is high. It was controlled by the multi-cycle sedimentary and multi-stage structural evolution history. The petroleum basic geological conditions are superior, but the distribution of oil and gas is complicated. Oil and gas exploration has mainly gone through three stages: general survey, structural reservoir, massive lithologic gas reservoir and shale gas exploration. Although major breakthroughs have been made in many fields, the overall detection rate is low. A systematic summary of the early discovery of large gas fields and the new progress of exploration was made in order to clarify the prospects for oil and gas exploration. There is a large potential for marine petroleum exploration in South China. Deep and ultra-deep strata as well as new areas are important breakthrough directions in the Sichuan Basin. The unconventional shale gas reservoirs in the Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi formations and the conventional gas reservoirs in the platform margin zone of the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation in Langzhong-Yuanba, the platform inner beach facies in the Sinian-Cambrian in Tongnanba, the pre-salt strata in the lower assemblage in Qijiang in the southern Sichuan and the reef beach facies in the Permian-Triassic have a total resource amount to trillions of cubic meters, which is expected to achieve a new round of breakthroughs and discoveries. Besides, unconventional shale gas in the Permian and Jurassic and some new targets for conventional gas such as hydrothermal dolomites, karst fissure group, stucco limestones and sedimentary tuffs in the Permian show a great exploration potential. New discoveries continue to be made in complex basin-margin regions in the Sichuan Basin. Shale gas in the residual syncline area and conventional piedmont areas in the basin margin are the main exploration directions. The periphery of ancient uplifts and the progressive deformation area in the southern periphery have weak structural deformation, and the preservation conditions are favorable with a certain exploration potential, and are expected to become a strategic succession area for oil and gas.
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图 2 四川盆地东南部五峰组—龙马溪组深层页岩典型探井孔隙度、压力系数、含气量对比
Figure 2. Comparison of porosity, pressure coefficient and gas content of typical exploratory wells in deep shale, Wufeng-Longmaxi formations, southeastern Sichuan Basin
图 3 四川盆地及周缘龙马溪组页岩气底界埋深
Figure 3. Bottom boundary of shale gas in Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin and its periphery
图 4 川北地区灯影组、茅口组、飞仙关组台缘结构特征剖面
Figure 4. Platform margin structure in Dengying, Maokou and Feixianguan formations, northern Sichuan Basin
图 5 四川盆地茅口组多类型储层特征
Figure 5. Characteristics of diversified reservoirs in Maokou Formation, Sichuan Basin
图 6 四川盆地米仓山前带构造结构剖面和变形特征
Figure 6. Structural section and deformation characteristics of Micangshan piedmont, Sichuan Basin
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