沉积盆地热历史重建研究进展与挑战

邱楠生; 何丽娟; 常健; 朱传庆

doi:10.11781/sysydz202005790

沉积盆地热历史重建研究进展与挑战

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202005790

邱楠生^1,,
何丽娟^{2, 3, 4},
常健¹,
朱传庆¹

1.
中国石油大学(北京) 油气资源与探测国家重点实验室, 北京 102249
2.
中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所岩石圈演化国家重点实验室, 北京 100029
3.
中国科学院地球科学研究院, 北京 100029
4.
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 41830424

国家自然科学基金 U19B6003-02-03

国家自然科学基金 41690133

国家重点研发计划 2017YFC0603102

详细信息

作者简介:
邱楠生(1968-), 男, 教授, 从事盆地构造、热演化和温压演化研究。E-mail: qiunsh@cup.edu.cn

中图分类号: TE121.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-25
- 修回日期: 2020-07-30
- 刊出日期: 2020-09-28

Research progress and challenges of thermal history reconstruction in sedimentary basins

1.
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS, Beijing 100029, China
3.
Institute of Geosciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
4.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

摘要

摘要: 系统介绍了沉积盆地热历史研究方法的现状和进展。沉积盆地热史重建方法主要包括古温标方法和地球动力学方法两大类，前者主要是从盆地的尺度来进行研究，后者则是从岩石圈的尺度来研究盆地的热历史。古温标方法主要包括了有机质成熟度指标和低温热年代学参数，由于可以通过实测数据来检验模拟结果，因而被认为是研究精度较高且切实可行的方法；实际工作中，一般采用多种古温标耦合反演热历史以提高模拟结果的精度和可靠性。针对多期构造演化盆地，可以结合多种古温标耦合反演和地球动力学正演方法进行相互补充和验证，从而实现定量恢复古老盆地复杂热历史。同时，盆地热史在研究构造抬升作用下的页岩气保存、盆山构造—热演化耦合作用等方面提供了重要的方法技术。目前，针对深层—超深层、海相层系和古老层系的热史重建仍存在诸多问题和挑战。
- 热历史 /
- 镜质体反射率 /
- 低温热年代学 /
- 地球动力学模型 /
- 海相层系 /
- 沉积盆地
Abstract: The current status and development of the methods of thermal history reconstruction in sedimentary basins are introduced systematically in this paper. The reconstruction methods of thermal history of sedimentary basins mainly include thermal indicators and geodynamic methods. The former mainly considers thermal history at the basin scale; however, the latter uses thermal history of the basin on the scale of the lithosphere. Thermal indicators mainly include the maturity index of organic matter and low temperature thermochronology parameters. The thermal indicator method is considered to be feasible with high precision, because the simulation results can be verified by measured data. In actual work, a variety of thermal indicators are generally used to couple the inversion of thermal history to improve the accuracy and reliability of the simulation results. For basins with various tectonic evolution stages, the thermal indicator method and the geodynamic method can complement and verify each other, thereby realizing quantitative restoration of the complex thermal history of ancient basins. At the same time, the thermal history of basins provides an important method and technology for the study of shale gas preservation during tectonic uplift and basin-mountain tectono-thermal evolution coupling. At present, there are still many problems and challenges in the reconstruction of thermal history of deep and ultra-deep strata, marine strata and ancient strata.
- thermal history /
- vitrinite reflectance /
- low temperature thermochronology /
- geodynamic model /
- marine strata /
- sedimentary basins

HTML全文

图 1 由沥青(a)和笔石(b)反射率依据不同换算关系得到的等效镜质体反射率

Figure 1. Equivalent vitrinite reflectance obtained from bitumen(a) and grapholite(b) reflectances according to different conversion relations

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图 2 塔里木盆地志留系典型样品(KQ1井, 2 593.8 m, S₁t)热史路径模拟结果^[46]

利用蒙特卡洛随机反演方法模拟了1 000条热史路径，其中60条是可接受的路径(细线)，10条是好的路径(较粗的线)，最粗的线代表了最佳温度路径。
a.锆石He扩散剖面, GOF代表拟合度；b.模拟的磷灰石裂变径迹长度分布；c.测试AFT年龄；d.实测AFT长度

Figure 2. Thermal history path simulation results of typical samples of the Silurian in Tarim Basin (well KQ1, 2 593.8 m, S₁t)

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图 3 莺歌海盆地基底热流新生代随时间的演化^[92]

Figure 3. Evolution of basement heat flow in Yinggehai Basin during the Cenozoic

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图 4 热史重建的有效古温标示意

Figure 4. Effective ancient thermal indicators for thermal history reconstruction

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图 5 塔里木盆地巴楚隆起同1井新元古界火山碎屑岩样品的热史路径模拟

早期的热史路径的不确定性大，可信度低。

Figure 5. Thermal history path simulation of Neoproterozoic pyroclastic rock samples from well Tong 1 in Bachu Uplift, Tarim Basin

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图 6 川东地区典型单井龙马溪组构造—热演化与页岩气含气性变化

Figure 6. Structural-thermal evolution and shale gas content in Longmaxi Formation of a typical single well in eastern Sichuan

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