Thermal evolution history reconstruction of Carboniferous source rocks on the northeastern margin of Junggar Basin using TSM basin simulation technology
-
摘要: 准噶尔盆地东北缘石炭系发育多套烃源岩,恢复烃源岩热演化史对深化认识该区油气成藏过程具有重要作用。在盆地原型演化与烃源岩发育特征研究基础上,应用TSM盆地模拟资源评价系统建立了一维和三维盆地模拟模型,恢复了不同构造单元埋藏史、热史和烃源岩生烃演化史。准噶尔盆地东北缘各凹陷石炭系烃源岩生烃演化过程存在明显的差异,乌伦古坳陷石炭系烃源岩在石炭纪末进入低成熟演化阶段,二叠纪隆升造成烃源岩演化停滞,三叠纪末再次埋藏演化达二次生烃门限,现今处于过成熟生干气阶段(Ro>2.0%);三南凹陷石炭系烃源岩在二叠纪进入低成熟演化阶段,现今处于高成熟演化生气阶段(Ro为1.5%~1.9%);滴水泉凹陷石炭系烃源岩在三叠纪进入低成熟演化阶段,现今仍处于成熟演化生油阶段(Ro为0.8%~1.3%)。通过模拟计算获得了乌伦古坳陷石炭系姜巴斯套组烃源岩的累计生烃量为205.2×108 t,其中石炭纪末累计生烃量为103×108 t,是主要的生油高峰期;白垩纪末累计生烃量为184.4×108 t,是主要的生气高峰期。Abstract: Multiple sets of source rocks developed in the Carboniferous on the northeastern margin of Junggar Basin. Modelling the thermal evolution history of source rocks is of great importance to deepen the understanding of hydrocarbon accumulation. Based on the study of basin evolution and source rock development characteristics, this paper applies a TSM Basin Simulation and Resource Evaluation System to establish one-dimensional and three-dimensional basin simulation models so as to reconstruct the burial, thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation histories of different structural units. There are obvious differences in the hydrocarbon generation and evolution process of Carboniferous source rocks in different sags on the northeastern margin of the Junggar Basin. The Carboniferous source rocks in the Wulungu Depression entered the low-maturity evolution stage at the end of the Carboniferous, stagnated due to uplifts in the Permian, reached the threshold of secondary hydrocarbon generation at the end of Triassic when burial resumed, and are now in the over-mature stage, mainly generating dry gas (Ro>2.0%). The Carboniferous source rocks in the Sannan Sag entered the low-maturity stage in the Permian and are now in the high-maturity gas-producing stage (Ro=1.5%-1.9%). The Carboniferous source rocks in the Dishuiquan Sag entered the low-maturity stage in the Triassic and are now in the mature oil-producing stage (Ro=0.8%-1.3%). Simulation calculations show that the cumulative hydrocarbon generation of the source rocks in the Carboniferous Jiangbasitao Formation in the Wulungu Depression amounts to 20.5×109 t, in which the cumulative hydrocarbon generation until the end of Carboniferous is 10.3×109 t, which is the main oil generation stage. The cumulative gas generation at the end of Cretaceous is 18.4×109 t, which is the main gas generation period.
-
Key words:
- source rock /
- thermal evolution /
- TSM basin modelling /
- Carboniferous /
- Wulungu Depression /
- Junggar Basin
-
图 1 准噶尔盆地东北缘构造单元划分及地层柱状图
据参考文献[13]修改。
Figure 1. Structural unit division and stratigraphic histogram of the northeastern margin of Junggar Basin
表 1 准噶尔盆地东北缘石炭系烃源岩有机质丰度和成熟度参数
Table 1. Organic matter abundance and maturity parameters of the Carboniferous source rock samples from wells on the northeastern margin of Junggar Basin
构造位置 钻井/露头 层位 岩性 w(TOC)/% 生烃潜量/(mg·g-1) 氯仿沥青“A”/10-6 Ro/% 乌伦古坳陷 WC1 C1j 灰黑色凝灰质泥岩 0.43~1.88/0.87(71) 0.04~3.59/0.57(71) 22.26~1 468/607.26(18) 1.34~2.91/1.75(32) LC1 C1j 灰色凝灰岩 0.26(6) L2 C1j 灰色凝灰岩 0.09(1) L6 C1j 灰色凝灰质泥岩 0.27~0.77/0.54(3) 0.54~0.73/0.64(3) 滴北凸起 Q1 C1d 灰黑色泥岩 2.64~5.60/3.70(7) Q2 C2b 灰黑色泥岩 0.96~1.76/1.33(4) 0.58~0.62/0.60(4) Q3 C2b 灰黑色泥岩 1.38(1) DB1 C1d 灰色凝灰岩 0.52(16) 0.66(4) 注:表中分式含义为:最小值~最大值/平均值(样品数)。 -
[1] 张庆春, 石广仁, 田在艺. 盆地模拟技术的发展现状与未来展望[J]. 石油实验地质, 2001, 23(3): 312-317. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103312ZHANG Qingchun, SHI Guangren, TIAN Zaiyi. Present developing situation and future prospects of basin simulation technology[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2001, 23(3): 312-317. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200103312 [2] 刘可禹, 刘建良. 盆地和含油气系统模拟(BPSM)研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 石油科学通报, 2017, 2(2): 161-175. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYKE201702001.htmLIU Keyu, LIU Jianliang. Current status and future development trends of Basin and Petroleum System Modeling (BPSM)[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2017, 2(2): 161-175. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYKE201702001.htm [3] 郭秋麟, 陈宁生, 柳庄小雪, 等. 盆地模拟关键技术之油气运聚模拟技术进展[J]. 石油实验地质, 2020, 42(5): 846-857. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202005846GUO Qiulin, CHEN Ningsheng, LIU Zhuangxiaoxue, et al. Advance of basin modeling key techniques: hydrocarbon migration and accumulation simulation[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2020, 42(5): 846-857. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202005846 [4] GUIDISH T M, KENDALL C G S T, LERCHE I, et al. Basin evaluation using burial history calculations: an overview[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1985, 69(1): 92-105. [5] UNGERER P, BURRUS J, DOLIGEZ B, et al. Basin evaluation by integrated two-dimensional modeling of heat transfer, fluid flow, hydrocarbon generation, and migration[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1990, 74(3): 309-335. [6] 韩杨, 高先志, 周飞, 等. 柴达木盆地北缘腹部侏罗系烃源岩热演化特征及其对油气成藏影响[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(3): 358-369. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDKX202003006.htmHAN Yang, GAO Xianzhi, ZHOU Fei, et al. Thermal evolution of Jurassic source rocks and their impact on hydrocarbon accumulation in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin, NW China[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2020, 31(3): 358-369. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDKX202003006.htm [7] 郑见超, 李斌, 吴海燕, 等. 基于盆地模拟技术的烃源岩热演化史及油气关系研究: 以塔里木盆地玉尔吐斯组为例[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2018, 25(5): 39-49. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YQCS201805006.htmZHENG Jianchao, LI Bin, WU Haiyan, et al. Study on the thermal history of the source rock and its relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation based on the basin modeling technology: a case of the Yuertusi Formation of Tarim Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2018, 25(5): 39-49. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YQCS201805006.htm [8] 徐旭辉, 朱建辉, 江兴歌, 等. TSM盆地模拟原理方法与应用[J]. 石油实验地质, 2017, 39(6): 729-737. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201706729XU Xuhui, ZHU Jianhui, JIANG Xingge, et al. Principle of TSM basin simulation system and its application[J]. Petroleum Geo-logy and Experiment, 2017, 39(6): 729-737. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201706729 [9] 江兴歌, 曾华盛, 朱建辉, 等. 川西坳陷中部上三叠统烃源岩动态演化模拟[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2012, 33(4): 545-551. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT201204010.htmJIANG Xingge, ZENG Huasheng, ZHU Jianhui, et al. Dynamic evolution simulation of the Upper Triassic source rocks in central part of Western Sichuan Depression[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2012, 33(4): 545-551. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT201204010.htm [10] 张奎华, 李艳丽, 张关龙, 等. 乌伦古拗陷石炭系烃源岩再认识[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 35(5): 1-6. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XNSY201305001.htmZHANG Kuihua, LI Yanli, ZHANG Guanlong, et al. The further understanding of Carboniferous source rocks in Wulungu Depression[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition), 2013, 35(5): 1-6. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XNSY201305001.htm [11] HU Di, RAO Song, WANG Zhuting, et al. Thermal and maturation history for Carboniferous source rocks in the Junggar Basin, Northwest China: implications for hydrocarbon exploration[J]. Petroleum Science, 2020, 17(1): 36-50. doi: 10.1007/s12182-019-00392-2 [12] 徐兴友. 乌伦古坳陷石炭系烃源岩有机地球化学特征研究[J]. 长江大学学报(自科版), 2014, 11(10): 50-53. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJDL201410015.htmXU Xingyou. Study on organic geochemical characteristics of Carboniferous source rocks in Wulungu Depression[J]. Journal of Yangtze University (Nat Sci Edit), 2014, 11(10): 50-53. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJDL201410015.htm [13] 卫延召, 宋志华, 奇瑞, 等. 准噶尔盆地陆梁隆起东部滴北凸起天然气成因来源再认识[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(6): 840-849. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDKX201906008.htmWEI Yanzhao, SONG Zhihua, QI Rui, et al. Re-examination of genetic types and origins of natural gases from Dibei Uplift, eastern Luliang Uplift, Junggar Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2019, 30(6): 840-849. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDKX201906008.htm [14] 杨迪生, 肖立新, 阎桂华, 等. 准噶尔盆地南缘四棵树凹陷构造特征与油气勘探[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2019, 40(2): 138-144. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJSD201902002.htmYANG Disheng, XIAO Lixin, YAN Guihua, et al. Structural characteristics and petroleum exploration in Sikeshu sag, southern margin of Junggar basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2019, 40(2): 138-144. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJSD201902002.htm [15] 朱明, 汪新, 肖立新. 准噶尔盆地南缘构造特征与演化[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2020, 41(1): 9-17. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJSD202001007.htmZHU Ming, WANG Xin, XIAO Lixin. Structural characteristics and evolution in the southern margin of Junggar basin[J]. Xingjiang Petroleum Geology, 2020, 41(1): 9-17. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJSD202001007.htm [16] 王圣柱, 王千军, 张关龙, 等. 准噶尔盆地石炭系烃源岩发育模式及地球化学特征[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2020, 27(4): 13-25. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YQCS202004003.htmWANG Shengzhu, WANG Qianjun, ZHANG Guanlong, et al. Deve-lopment mode and geochemical characteristics of Carboniferous source rocks in Junggar Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Reco-very Efficiency, 2020, 27(4): 13-25. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YQCS202004003.htm [17] SUN Ping'an, WANG Yuce, LENG Kun, et al. Geochemistry and origin of natural gas in the eastern Junggar Basin, NW China[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2016, 75: 240-251. [18] 王圣柱, 李艳丽, 张奎华, 等. 准噶尔盆地石炭系不同类型烃源岩生烃模拟研究[J]. 世界地质, 2015, 34(3): 697-703. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SJDZ201503015.htmWANG Shengzhu, LI Yanli, ZHANG Kuihua, et al. Simulation study of hydrocarbon generation for different Carboniferous source rocks in Junggar Basin[J]. World Geology, 2015, 34(3): 697-703. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SJDZ201503015.htm [19] 余腾孝, 曹自成, 徐勤琪, 等. 准噶尔盆地北部古生代构造演化与石炭系烃源岩[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2010, 31(1): 91-97. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT201001021.htmYU Tengxiao, CAO Zicheng, XU Qinqi, et al. The Paleozoic tectonic evolution and the Carboniferous source rocks in the northern Juggar Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2010, 31(1): 91-97. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT201001021.htm [20] 李涤. 准噶尔盆地及邻区石炭纪构造格架与沉积充填演化[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2016.LI Di. Carboniferous tectonic framework and sedimentary filling evolution in the Junggar Basin and adjacent area, NW China[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2016. [21] 朱夏. 活动论构造历史观[J]. 石油实验地质, 1991, 13(3): 201-209. doi: 10.11781/sysydz199103201ZHU Xia. Activity theory constructs the historical view[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 1991, 13(3): 201-209. doi: 10.11781/sysydz199103201 [22] 金之钧. 《朱夏论中国含油气盆地构造》习得: 纪念朱夏先生诞辰100周年[J]. 石油实验地质, 2020, 42(5): 670-674. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202005670JIN Zhijun. Acquisition of "ZHU Xia's discussion on China's petroleum basin": Commemorating the 100th birthday of Mr. ZHU Xia[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2020, 42(5): 670-674. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202005670 [23] 杨风丽, 周晓峰, 胡虞杨, 等. 新元古代扬子克拉通TSM盆地原型分析[J]. 石油实验地质, 2020, 42(5): 742-755. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202005742YANG Fengli, ZHOU Xiaofeng, HU Yuyang, et al. TSM prototype basins on the Neoproterozoic Yangtze Craton[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2020, 42(5): 742-755. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202005742 [24] 徐旭辉, 方成名, 陆建林, 等. 原型控源、迭加控藏: 油气盆地资源分级评价与有利勘探方向优选思维及技术[J]. 石油实验地质, 2020, 42(5): 824-836. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202005824XU Xuhui, FANG Chengming, LU Jianlin, et al. Hydrocarbon sources controlled by basin prototype and petroleum accumulation controlled by basin superposition: thoughts and technology of resource grading evaluation and exploration optimization in petroliferous basins[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2020, 42(5): 824-836. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202005824 [25] 文磊, 孙相灿, 李程, 等. 准噶尔盆地乌伦古坳陷中—新生代构造演化及成因机制[J]. 岩石学报, 2019, 35(4): 1107-1120. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB201904009.htmWEN Lei, SUN Xiangcan, LI Cheng, et al. Meso- and Cenozoic tectonic evolution and formation mechanism of the Wulungu Depression, Junggar Basin[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2019, 35(4): 1107-1120. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB201904009.htm [26] 曲彦胜, 王圣柱, 李艳丽, 等. 乌伦古地区石炭系烃源岩生烃潜力评价[J]. 特种油气藏, 2016, 23(2): 31-35. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TZCZ201602008.htmQU Yansheng, WANG Shengzhu, LI Yanli, et al. Hydrocarbon potential evaluation of Carboniferous source rocks in Wulungu[J]. Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs, 2016, 23(2): 31-35. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TZCZ201602008.htm [27] 饶松, 胡圣标, 朱传庆, 等. 准噶尔盆地大地热流特征与岩石圈热结构[J]. 地球物理学报, 2013, 56(8): 2760-2770. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX201308025.htmRAO Song, HU Shengbiao, ZHU Chuanqing, et al. The characteristics of heat flow and lithospheric thermal structure in Junggar Basin, northwest China[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2013, 56(8): 2760-2770. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX201308025.htm [28] 胡圣标, 何丽娟, 汪集旸. 中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第三版)[J]. 地球物理学报, 2001, 44(5): 611-626. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX201608015.htmHU Shengbiao, HE Lijuan, WANG Jiyang. Compilation of heat flow data in the China continental area (3rd edition)[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2001, 44(5): 611-626. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX201608015.htm [29] 王社教, 胡圣标, 汪集旸. 准噶尔盆地热流及地温场特征[J]. 地球物理学报, 2000, 43(6): 771-779. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX200006005.htmWANG Shejiao, HU Shengbiao, WANG Jiyang. The characteristics of heat flow and geothermal fields in Junggar Basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2000, 43(6): 771-779. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX200006005.htm [30] 邱楠生, 杨海波, 王绪龙. 准噶尔盆地构造—热演化特征[J]. 地质科学, 2002, 37(4): 423-429. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKX200204004.htmQIU Nansheng, YANG Haibo, WANG Xulong. Tectono-thermal evolution in the Junggar Basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology, 2002, 37(4): 423-429. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKX200204004.htm [31] 陈发景, 汪新文, 汪新伟. 准噶尔盆地的原型和构造演化[J]. 地学前缘, 2005, 12(3): 77-89. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY200503012.htmCHEN Fajing, WANG Xinwen, WANG Xinwei. Prototype and tectonic evolution of the Junggar Basin, northwestern China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2005, 12(3): 77-89. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY200503012.htm [32] 唐洁云. 准噶尔盆地北缘乌伦古坳陷构造特征与油气关系[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2014.TANG Jieyun. Tectonic characteristics of Wulungu Depression, north margin of Junggar Basin and its relationship with hydrocarbon[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2014. -