Hydrocarbon generation characteristics and significance of accumulation of Upper Paleozoic source rocks in Dongpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
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摘要: 为了明确渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷上古生界油气成藏条件和规律，采用烃源岩评价、生烃热模拟实验和盆地模拟相结合的研究方法，定量研究石炭系—二叠系烃源岩生烃历史和强度，并探讨其成藏意义。结果表明：东濮凹陷石炭系—二叠系烃源岩显微组成中富氢的壳质组、基质镜质体含量高（>10%），烃源岩具有较高生油潜力，成烃演化过程以多阶段性、生气带宽为特征；石炭系—二叠系在燕山期埋藏深度小，Ro在0.6%~0.8%，生气量较小，在喜马拉雅期呈差异化的热演化特征，凹陷西部至西斜坡地区生气强度整体较低，为（1~20）×108 m3/km2，东部深洼带烃源岩埋深大、演化程度高、生气量大，生气强度达（60~110）×108 m3/km2。已有勘探成果分析显示，生气强度大于40×108 m3/km2的区域才能形成天然气富集，前梨园洼陷带生气强度在（60~110）×108 m3/km2，具备形成原生煤成气藏和古生新储煤成气藏的有利条件，是下步有利勘探区带。Abstract: In order to clarify the conditions and rules of hydrocarbon accumulation of the Upper Paleozoic in the Dongpu Sag of Bohai Bay Basin, source rock evaluation, pyrolysis experiment and basin modelling were carried out in this paper, the history of hydrocarbon generation and intensity of source rocks have been quantitatively studied, consequently, the significance of hydrocarbon accumulation in this area has also been discussed. The micro-composition of the Carboniferous-Permian source rocks in the Dongpu Sag is featured by high contents of hydrogen-rich exinite and matrix vitrinite (>10%), and the source rocks have a high oil-generating potential. The hydrocarbon generation process is characterized by multiple stages and wide gas generation band. During the Yanshanian period, the Carboniferous-Permian source rocks were shallowly buried, the Ro value ranged between 0.6%-0.8%, and only a little gas has been generated. In the Himalayan period, due to the differential thermal evolution of the Paleogene deposits, from the western part of the sag to the western slope, gas generation was significantly decreased, with an average of (1-20)×108 m3/km2. While in deep sag of the eastern part, source rocks were deeply buried with a high thermal degree, and a large amount of gas was generated with an intensity of (60-110)×108 m3/km2. Past exploration results have shown that the area with a gas generation intensity greater than 40×108 m3/km2 is favorable for natural gas accumulation. The gas generation intensity of the Qianliyuan sub-sag ranges (60-110)×108 m3/km2, which has favorable conditions for the formation of primary as well as paleogenetic and new-storage coal-derived gas reservoirs, and is a favorable exploration zone for the future exploration.
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图 1 渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷构造位置及上古生界镜质体反射率分布
Figure 1. Structural location and Ro distribution of Upper Paleozoic, Dongpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
图 2 渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷上古生界烃源岩分布连井对比
Figure 2. Contrast between wells of source rock thickness of Upper Paleozoic, Dongpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
图 3 渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷上古生界烃源岩总有机碳含量分布
Figure 3. TOC contents of source rocks of Upper Paleozoic, Dongpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
图 4 渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷上古生界烃源岩干酪根碳同位素分布
Figure 4. Kerogen δ13C distribution of source rocks of Upper Paleozoic, Dongpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
图 5 渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷上古生界烃源岩最高热解峰温与氢指数交会图
Figure 5. Cross plots of Tmax and IH of source rocks of Upper Paleozoic, Dongpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
图 6 渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷上古生界烃源岩热模拟产率
Figure 6. Results of therrmal simulation for hydrocarbon-generating potential of source rocks of Upper Paleozoic, Dongpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
图 7 渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷烃源岩镜质体反射率与埋深关系
Figure 7. Correlations between vitrinite reflectance and burial depth of source rocks in Dongpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
图 8 渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷上古生界埋藏史及现今构造模式
Figure 8. Burial history and current structural pattern of Upper Paleozoic in Dongpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
图 9 渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷上古生界烃源岩成熟度和天然气产率演化史
Figure 9. Evolution histories of maturity and gas generation of source rocks of Upper Paleozoic in Dongpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
图 10 渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷北部上古生界烃源岩生气强度与钻井显示、探明煤成气藏分布
Figure 10. Gas generation intensity, oil and gas wells and proved coal-derived gas fields of Upper Paleozoic in northern Dongpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
图 11 渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷北部上古生界煤成气成藏模式
Figure 11. Accumulation model for coal-derived gas in Upper Paleozoic, northern Dongpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
表 1 渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷上古生界烃源岩显微组分含量
Table 1. Maceral contents of source rocks of Upper Paleozoic, Dongpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
岩性 层位 显微组分含量/% 镜质组 壳质组 惰质组 矿物沥青基质 煤岩 山西组 55.0~79.0/71.8(26) 4.3~15.6/7.9(26) 6.2~29.0/13.9(26) 1.5~14.0/6.4(26) 太原组 66.7~80.2/72.6(14) 6.3~20.5/14.1(14) 7.5~11.5/9.7(14) 3.1~5.0/3.6(14) 泥岩 山西组 45.8~85.0/76.3(23) 5.0~16.1/7.0(23) 4.0~19.0/12.5(23) 0~29.17/4.2(23) 太原组 30.1~82.5/67.7(27) 3.2~13.5/8.6(27) 8.9~34.0/15.9(27) 4.0~48.7/7.8(27) 注：表中分式含义为：最小值~最大值/平均值(样品数)。 
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