准噶尔盆地中部侏罗系三工河组储层沥青地球化学特征及其对油气成藏过程的指示

张辉; 陈勇; 王学军; 林会喜; 王淼; 任新成

doi:10.11781/sysydz2021061054

准噶尔盆地中部侏罗系三工河组储层沥青地球化学特征及其对油气成藏过程的指示

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2021061054

张辉^{1, 2,},
陈勇^{1, 2, ,},
王学军³,
林会喜⁴,
王淼^{1, 2},
任新成³

1.
中国石油大学(华东) 地球科学与技术学院, 山东青岛 266580
2.
中国石油大学(华东) 山东省深层油气重点实验室, 山东青岛 266580
3.
中国石化胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院, 山东东营 257015
4.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 102206

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 U1762108

国家自然科学基金项目 41873070

中国石化重点科技项目 P17001-2

中国石化胜利油田分公司科技攻关项目 YKK1807

详细信息

作者简介:
张辉(1994-), 男, 博士研究生, 从事油气地球化学研究。E-mail: 15694455138@163.com

通讯作者:
陈勇(1976-), 男, 博士, 教授, 从事含油气盆地成岩成藏流体和油气成藏研究。E-mail: yongchenzy@upc.edu.cn

中图分类号: TE122.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-28
- 修回日期: 2021-10-28
- 刊出日期: 2021-11-28

Geochemical characteristics of solid bitumen in the Jurassic Sangonghe Formation in the central Junggar Basin and its implications for hydrocarbon accumulation process

ZHANG Hui^{1, 2
,},
CHEN Yong^{1, 2
, ,},
WANG Xuejun³,
LIN Huixi⁴,
WANG Miao^{1, 2},
REN Xincheng³

1.
School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
2.
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Oil & Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
3.
Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Shengli Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, Dongying, Shandong 257015, China
4.
SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 102206, China

摘要

摘要: 准噶尔盆地中部地区侏罗系三工河组储层中广泛发育固体沥青，记录了重要的油气成藏信息。基于岩相学、反射率、激光拉曼光谱和生物标志化合物等多方面的综合分析，结合构造和成藏演化史，探讨了沥青的成因、来源及其对油气成藏的指示意义。研究区三工河组储层沥青主要赋存在构造缝中，裂缝面存在弯曲变形，矿物显微构造变形明显，指示沥青形成与构造活动破坏古油藏有关。沥青的生物标志化合物特征与油源对比结果指示沥青主要来源于二叠系风城组和下乌尔禾组的烃源岩，具有混源成藏特征。沥青成熟度较低（等效镜质体反射率为0.62%~0.79%），且具强烈生物降解特征，说明为生物降解成因沥青，同时生物标志物指示沥青受到晚期原油充注的影响。古油藏成藏时间在中侏罗世车—莫古隆起形成初期，晚侏罗世—早白垩世古隆起抬升遭受强烈剥蚀，古油藏遭受破坏进而引发轻烃组分散逸，并伴随生物降解作用演化形成沥青。早白垩世，下乌尔禾组烃源岩晚期油气开始充注后，三工河组储层没有再发生强烈构造活动，随储层再次埋深和油气充注，最终形成现今油气藏。虽然研究区三工河组储层曾经历构造活动调整，但油气的再次充注使其仍成为有利的勘探对象。
- 激光拉曼光谱 /
- 生物标志化合物 /
- 储层沥青 /
- 三工河组 /
- 侏罗系 /
- 准噶尔盆地中部
Abstract: The ubiquitously distributed solid bitumen in the Jurassic Sangonghe Formation reservoir in the central Junggar Basin recorded the important information of hydrocarbon accumulation. In this study, based on lithology, reflectance of bitumen, laser Raman spectroscopy and biomarkers of bitumen, combined with the history of structure evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation, we studied the genesis of the reservoir bitumen and its indication for oil and gas accumulation. Results indicated that these solid bitumen were mainly distributed in structural fractures, the crack surface of the samples have experienced bending deformation, combined with obvious deformation of mineral microstructure. Solid bitumen was then indicated to be derived from the crude oil evolution after the destruction of the ancient reservoir due to tectonic activities. According to the parameter characteristics of biomarkers of bitumen, the crude oil was mainly derived from the source rocks of the Permian Fengcheng Formation and the Lower Wuerhe Formation. Therefore, the Sangonghe Formation reservoir has multi-source charging features. Due to the low maturity (equivalent vitrinite reflectance: 0.62%-0.79%) of bitumen and the evidence for biodegradation, we concluded that the bitumen was generated by biodegradation. Whereas the biomarker showed that the bitumen was affected by the late oil accumulation. In conclusion, the ancient oil reservoirs were formed during the early stage of the formation of Che-Mo ancient uplift in the Middle Jurassic, and were destroyed during the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. Light hydrocarbon components were dissipated because of the reservoir destruction, then bitumen was formed due to the biodegradation. In the Early Cretaceous, there was no strong tectonic activity in the Sangonghe reservoir after the late hydrocarbon accumulation from the Lower Wuerhe Formation. With the reburial of the reservoir and hydrocarbon accumulation, the hydrocarbon reservoirs today were formed. Although the reservoir of the Sangonghe Formation has undergone tectonic activity adjustment in the study area, the recharge of oil and gas makes it still a favorable exploration target.
- laser Raman spectroscopy /
- biomarker /
- bitumen in reservoir /
- Sangonghe Formation /
- Jurassic /
- central Junggar Basin

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图 1 准噶尔盆地中部地区构造单元及采样井分布

Figure 1. Tectonic units and sampling wells in central Junggar Basin

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图 2 准噶尔盆地中部地区侏罗系三工河组储层沥青样品特征

a.含沥青脉岩心，庄105井4 380.52 m，J₁s₂¹；b.含沥青脉岩心，庄106井4 349.75 m，J₁s₂¹；c.遭受风化作用的含沥青脉砂岩，庄7井4 056.8 m，J₁s₂²；d.含层状沥青脉砂岩，准沙5井3 312.94 m，J₁s₂²；e.含层状且产出量较多沥青脉砂岩，庄109井4 297.5 m，J₁s₂¹；f.样品镜下荧光特征，庄101井4 352.65 m；g.样品镜下荧光特征(矿物颗粒孔隙有荧光显示)，庄103井4 400.2 m

Figure 2. Characteristics of bitumen samples from Jurassic Sangonghe Formation, central Junggar Basin

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图 3 准噶尔盆地中部莫西庄地区侏罗系三工河组储层沥青样品拉曼光谱特征

Figure 3. Raman spectral characteristics of bitumen samples from Jurassic Sangonghe Formation in Moxizhuang area of central Junggar Basin

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图 4 准噶尔盆地中部地区部分原油和沥青样品生物标志化合物特征

Figure 4. Chromatographic characteristics of biomarker compounds of crude oil and bitumen in central Junggar Basin

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图 5 准噶尔盆地中部地区埋藏史与生烃史

据参考文献[1]修改。

Figure 5. History of burial and hydrocarbon generation in central Junggar Basin

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表 1 准噶尔盆地中部地区侏罗系三工河组储层沥青反射率和等效镜质体反射率

Table 1. Average reflectance of bitumen and equivalent vitrinite reflectance of Jurassic Sangonghe Formation reservoir in central Junggar Basin

样品位置	井号	深度/m	层位	平均R_b/%	平均R_o/%	成熟度
沙窝地	沙1	3 620.92	J₁s₂²	0.47	0.69	低熟
	准沙6	3 261.55	J₂x	0.55	0.74	低熟
	沙11	4 316.50	J₁b₁	0.61	0.78	低熟
	沙11	4 327.30	J₁b₁	0.57	0.75	低熟
征沙村	征3	5 112.05	J₁s₂¹	0.63	0.79	低熟
征沙村	征11	4 386.90	J₁s₂²	0.36	0.62	低熟
莫西庄	庄5	4 279.81	J₁s₂¹	0.45	0.68	低熟
	庄6	4 032.26	J₁s₂¹	0.36	0.62	低熟
	庄7	4 056.80	J₁s₂²	0.53	0.73	低熟
	庄101	4 356.96	J₁s₂¹	0.53	0.73	低熟
	庄101	4 359.00	J₁s₂¹	0.50	0.71	低熟
	庄105	4 374.97	J₁s₂¹	0.36	0.62	低熟
	庄105	4 380.52	J₁s₂¹	0.50	0.71	低熟
	庄106	4 349.75	J₁s₂¹	0.50	0.71	低熟
	庄109	4 297.50	J₁s₂¹	0.51	0.72	低熟
	庄109	4 298.70	J₁s₂¹	0.55	0.74	低熟
	庄110	4 293.07	J₂s₂¹	0.44	0.67	低熟

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表 2 准噶尔盆地中部地区侏罗系三工河组储层沥青样品R_o(cal)与R_o对比

Table 2. Comparison of R_o(cal) and R_o of bituminous vein in Jurassic Sangonghe Formation, central Junggar Basin

地区	井号	埋深/m	层位	R_o/%	D峰位置/cm^-1	HW_D	G峰位置/cm^-1	HW_G	v_G-v_D	SI	R_o_(cal)/%
沙窝地	沙1	3 620.92	J₁s₂²	0.69	1 359.16	246.29	1 585.43	114.61	226.27	1.98	0.62
	沙11	4 316.50	J₁b₁	0.78	1 363.78	244.20	1 586.58	98.12	222.80	2.04	0.77
	沙11	4 327.30	J₁b₁	0.75	1 351.08	247.23	1 586.58	114.61	235.50	1.98	0.74
	准沙6	3 261.55	J₂x	0.74	1 356.86	258.00	1 585.43	105.96	228.57	1.86	0.70
征沙村	征3	5 112.05	J₁s₂₁	0.79	1 352.85	207.27	1 587.59	126.10	234.74	1.89	0.85
征沙村	征11	4 386.90	J₁s₂²	0.62	1 360.32	242.01	1 586.58	111.32	226.26	2.02	0.68
莫西庄	庄5	4 279.81	J₁s₂¹	0.68	1 356.85	244.09	1 585.43	112.72	228.58	1.99	0.68
	庄6	4 032.26	J₁s₂¹	0.62	1 356.35	250.94	1 585.26	111.01	228.91	2.05	0.67
	庄7	4 056.80	J₁s₂²	0.73	1 358.69	250.11	1 586.42	100.05	227.73	2.14	0.78
	庄101	4 356.96	J₁s₂¹	0.73	1 352.24	244.42	1 585.43	110.10	233.19	2.00	0.78
	庄105	4 359.00	J₁s₂¹	0.71	1 358.01	247.81	1 585.43	108.72	227.42	1.88	0.70
	庄105	4 374.97	J₁s₂¹	0.62	1 354.55	240.96	1 580.81	111.84	226.26	2.07	0.67
	庄105	4 380.52	J₁s₂¹	0.71	1 358.01	246.66	1 586.58	112.89	228.57	1.91	0.67
	庄106	4 349.75	J₁s₂¹	0.71	1 354.55	242.33	1 585.43	111.82	230.88	1.94	0.74
	庄109	4 297.50	J₁s₂¹	0.72	1 358.69	243.69	1 586.42	106.65	227.73	2.09	0.74
	庄109	4 298.70	J₁s₂¹	0.74	1 345.31	216.55	1 584.27	133.28	238.96	1.74	0.79
	庄110	4 293.07	J₁s₂²	0.67	1 359.16	248.00	1 586.58	106.63	227.42	1.98	0.72

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表 3 准噶尔盆地中部地区侏罗系三工河组砂岩孔隙中沥青R_o(cal)值

Table 3. R_o(cal) of bituminous vein in sandstone pores in Jurassic Sangonghe Formation, central Junggar Basin

地区	井号	埋深/m	层位	D峰位置/cm^-1	HW_D	G峰位置/cm^-1	HW_G	v_G-v_D	SI	R_o_(cal)/%
沙窝地	沙1	3 956.1	J₁s₁	1349.73	165.40	1 589.58	135.21	239.85	2.56	1.10
莫西庄	庄5	4 086.55-1	J₁s₂¹	1 362.21	216.12	1 582.65	109.04	220.44	1.92	0.78
	庄5	4 086.55-2	J₁s₂¹	1 347.65	241.49	1 589.58	115.79	241.93	1.81	0.86
	庄6	4 028.68	J₁s₂¹	1 360.13	182.08	1 590.27	118.70	230.14	2.38	1.01
	庄7	4 073.9	J₁s₂²	1 358.74	185.39	1 579.88	115.68	221.14	2.51	0.88
	庄101	4 377-1	J₁s₂¹	1 362.21	206.82	1 581.96	115.79	219.75	2.01	0.74
	庄101	4 377-1	J₁s₂¹	1 368.45	228.76	1 584.73	98.65	216.28	1.79	0.78
	庄106	4 319.2	J₁s₂¹	1 358.74	234.06	1 595.13	114.70	236.39	2.28	0.81
	庄106	4 345.75	J₁s₂¹	1 346.96	218.24	1 578.49	126.54	231.53	2.29	0.71
	庄109	4 262.9	J₁s₂¹	1 361.52	216.65	1 580.57	109.52	219.05	2.00	0.74
	庄301	4 248.4-1	J₁s₂¹	1 362.21	199.08	1 579.88	116.14	217.67	2.20	0.75
	庄301	4 248.4-2	J₁s₂¹	1 362.90	209.48	1 583.34	104.61	220.44	2.04	0.86

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表 4 准噶尔盆地中部地区原油和储层沥青样品生物标志化合物参数

Table 4. Parameters of biomarkers of crude oil and bitumen in central Junggar Basin

样品编号	层位	岩性	埋深/m	正构烷烃与类异戊二烯烷烃					ΣnC_21-/ΣnC₂₂₊	萜类系列				甾类系列
				主峰碳	OEP	Pr/Ph	Pr/nC₁₇	Ph/nC₁₈		三环萜烷			伽马蜡烷/C₃₀藿烷	孕甾烷/甾烷	规则甾烷		C₂₉20S/(20S+20R)	C₂₉ββ/(ββ+αα)
				主峰碳	OEP	Pr/Ph	Pr/nC₁₇	Ph/nC₁₈		C₂₀	C₂₁	C₂₃	伽马蜡烷/C₃₀藿烷	孕甾烷/甾烷	C₂₇/C₂₉	C₂₈/C₂₉	C₂₉20S/(20S+20R)	C₂₉ββ/(ββ+αα)
Y3cp1	J₂x	原油		nC₁₅	1.04	1.90	0.40	0.21	2.77	6.38	8.59	6.81	0.32	0.05	0.64	0.92	0.43	0.45
zh6	J₁s	原油		nC₁₅	1.06	1.66	0.44	0.26	2.42	5.05	6.66	5.96	0.33	0.04	0.86	0.78	0.44	0.45
z106	J₁s₂¹	沥青	4 349.75	nC₁₇	0.99	1.63	0.47	0.33	4.06	13.68	15.76	10.07	0.28	0.09	0.64	0.92	0.43	0.46
z109	J₁s₂¹	沥青	4 298.70	nC₁₆	0.89	0.88	0.85	0.18	4.63	3.65	6.98	8.42	0.28	0.07	1.09	0.98	0.43	0.47
z110	J₁s₂²	沥青	4 293.07	nC₁₆	0.60	0.94	0.85	0.17	6.21	2.00	5.60	10.43	0.21	0.08	2.40	1.01	0.41	0.46
zh3	J₁s₂¹	沥青	5 112.05	nC₁₆	0.47	0.96	0.83	0.16	7.81	2.69	4.85	7.00	0.22	0.07	2.09	0.81	0.40	0.45
zh11	J₁s₂²	沥青	4 386.90	nC₁₈	0.53	0.82	0.81	0.18	8.49	10.66	16.73	10.99	0.19	0.10	1.49	0.45	0.34	0.51
s1	J₁s₂²	沥青	3 620.92	nC₁₈	0.97	0.89	0.38	0.26	5.23	17.86	20.75	15.08	0.21	0.21	1.33	1.42	0.45	0.44
s11	J₁b₁	沥青	4 316.50	nC₁₆	0.78	1.01	0.80	0.17	6.04	2.47	5.64	8.71	0.22	0.09	1.75	0.86	0.45	0.42
注：OEP=[(C_i+6C_i+2+C_i+4)/4(C_i+1+C_i+3)]^m，m=(-1)ⁱ⁺¹; i+2为主峰碳数。

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表 5 准噶尔盆地中部地区烃源岩、沥青和原油生物标志化合物典型参数对比

Table 5. Comparison of typical parameters of biomarkers of source rocks, bitumen and crude oil in central Junggar Basin

样品		生物标志化合物
样品		Pr/Ph	伽马蜡烷/C₃₀藿烷	三环萜烷C₂₀-C₂₁-C₂₃峰型	甾烷C₂₈/C₂₉
烃源岩	下乌尔禾组	1.0~2.0	~0.2	山峰	~0.6
	风城组	< 1.0	~0.5	上升	~0.8
	佳木河组	~2	~0.2	下降	~0.4
	石炭系	~1.5	~0.1	下降	~0.3
沥青	z106	1.63	0.28	山峰	0.92
	z109	0.88	0.28	上升	0.98
	z110	0.94	0.21	上升	1.01
	zh3	0.96	0.22	上升	0.81
	zh11	0.82	0.19	山峰	0.45
	s1	0.89	0.21	山峰	1.42
	s11	1.01	0.22	上升	0.86
原油	Y3cp1	1.90	0.32	山峰	0.92
原油	zh6	1.66	0.33	山峰	0.78
注：烃源岩参数引自文献[18]。

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参考文献(21)

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