Guiding and method for division of petroleum exploration play in superimposed reformation basin
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摘要: 合理的区带划分对含油气盆地勘探评价与部署具有重要作用，但从当前的情况来看，对具有多旋回演化与复杂成藏过程的中国中西部叠加改造型盆地的区带划分研究甚少，缺乏相对统一方案。基于区带的涵义及其外延，针对叠加改造型盆地具有多套组合、多期改造、多类含油气系统复合的特点，提出了以“原型控源、迭加控藏”为主线的划分思路、方法和流程。区带划分，需要从盆地整体研究出发，分析盆地建造—改造过程中原始成藏地质要素分布及其后续的油气生成、运移与聚集，明确盆地中不同成藏组合在迭加改造过程中的含油气系统类型及其分布，揭示每类含油气系统油气聚集成藏的主控因素，并由此确定区带的类型及其边界。区带名称视含油气系统类型采用“（古）今构造单元+层系或组合+成藏主控因素”组合命名。区带划分方案对深化盆地油气富集规律认识，指导勘探实践具有指导作用。Abstract: Reasonable play division played an important role in the evaluation for the exploration and deployment in petroliferous basins. However, there were few studies on the play division in superimposed reformation basins of central and western part of China with multi-cycle evolution and complex accumulation process, and there was no relatively unified scheme. Based on the concept and extension of the play, it was proposed in this paper for the idea, method and process of division with the main line of "prototype-controlled sources and superposition-controlled accumulation" with the view of the characteristics of superimposed reformation basins with multiple sets of combinations, multi-phase reforms, and multiple types of petroleum systems. Play division needs to be started from the overall study of the basin, analysis for the distribution of original reservoir-forming geological elements and the subsequent generation, migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon in the process of basin construction and reformation, clarify the types and distribution of petroleum systems of different plays in the basin during the process of superposition and reformation, reveal the main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation in each type of petroleum systems, and determine the types and boundaries of the plays. According to the type of petroleum system, the play name adopted the combination of "(paleo) and modern tectonic unit + strata or combination + main controlling factors of reservoir". The play division scheme plays a guiding role in deepening the understanding of the regularity of hydrocarbon enrichment in the basin and guiding exploration practice.
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图 1 中国主要海相盆地或地区原型演化序列对比
Figure 1. Comparison of prototype evolution sequences of main marine basins or regions in China
图 2 叠加改造型盆地油气勘探区带划分思路与方法
Figure 2. Guiding and method for the division of petroleum exploration play in superimposed reformation basin
图 4 四川盆地区前寒武系区带划分
①绵阳—长宁裂陷西侧灯影组台缘；②绵阳—长宁裂陷灯影组陆棚；③绵阳—长宁裂陷东侧灯影组台缘；④绵阳—长宁裂陷东侧灯影组台内滩；⑤扬子东南陆缘坳陷灯影组台缘断褶带；⑥绵阳—长宁裂陷灯影组陆棚断褶带；⑦绵阳—长宁裂陷灯影组台缘断褶带；⑧绵阳—长宁裂陷西侧灯影组台内滩
Figure 4. Play division of Precambrian in Sichuan Basin
图 5 龙门山中北段次生调整型含油气系统区带划分与命名
①龙门山中北段厚皮带冲断系震旦系；②龙门山中北段过渡Ⅰ带冲断系古生界；③龙门山中北段过渡Ⅱ带上盘冲断系震旦系；④龙门山中北段过渡Ⅱ带下盘原地古生界—中生界构造带
Figure 5. Play division and naming of secondary adjustment type petroleum system in north-central section of Longmen Mountain
图 6 塔里木盆地台盆区寒武系盐下肖尔布拉克组勘探区带划分
①满加尔陆缘坳陷寒武系外缓坡带；②满加尔陆缘坳陷寒武系中缓坡带；③塔北台内坳陷寒武系内缓坡带；④塔北陆缘坳陷寒武系外缓坡带；⑤塔北陆缘坳陷寒武系中缓坡带；⑥卡塔克隆起寒武系潮坪—缓坡带；⑦巴楚隆起寒武系潮坪—缓坡带；⑧塔南陆缘坳陷寒武系内中缓坡带；⑨塔南陆缘坳陷寒武系中缓坡带；⑩塔南陆缘坳陷寒武系外缓坡带
Figure 6. Play division of the Cambrian presalt Xiaoerbulake Formation in the platform-basin area of Tarim Basin
表 1 盆地—含油气系统—区带逐级研究与划分命名方法
Table 1. Basin-system-play gradual research and division naming method
盆地 含油气系统 勘探区带类型 边界 命名规则 实例 类型 油气聚集区 某某盆地 天然气、石油、油气 原生保存型 相控台缘型 相带 古构造单元+层系+主控因素 ①绵阳—长宁裂陷东侧震旦系台缘带；
②川东坳陷西侧寒武系边缘浅滩带；
③满加尔坳陷寒武系台缘带相控台内型 相控火山岩 次生调整型 过渡Ⅰ带 构造 今构造单元+ 层系+主控因素 ①龙门山中北段过渡Ⅱ带下盘原地构造带；
②米仓山前过渡Ⅱ带断褶带过渡Ⅱ带 厚皮带 原生残留型 构造+ 相控型 构造
相带古构造单元+ 层系+主控因素 ①川东坳陷西侧寒武系盐上断褶带；
②扬子东南陆缘坳陷灯影组台缘断褶带远源富集型 构造型 构造
物性
流体势今构造单元+ 层系+主控因素 ①卡塔克隆起寒武系潮坪—缓坡带；
②川西坳陷带侏罗系河道；
③准西北新近系超剥带断裂型 地层型 
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