Basic characteristics and exploration potential of shale gas in Longtan Formation of Upper Permian in eastern Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 四川盆地晚二叠世龙潭期沉积相类型多样，为落实不同沉积相带的页岩气勘探潜力，针对不同相带典型井开展了系统的页岩气形成条件分析，四川盆地晚二叠世龙潭期富有机质页岩主要发育在潮坪—潟湖相和陆棚相，其中潮坪—潟湖相泥页岩分布在资阳—永川—綦江一带，岩性组合复杂，泥岩、页岩、泥质碳酸盐岩不等厚互层，煤层全段均有发育，具有“高TOC、高黏土、高孔隙度、高含气量”的四高特征，有机质类型主体为Ⅲ型；浅水混积陆棚相龙潭组分布在广安—长寿—南川一带，煤层减少，灰质增加，龙潭组二段煤层基本不发育，有机质类型为Ⅱ2-Ⅱ1型，具有厚度稳定、TOC中等、脆性矿物含量高、有机孔发育的特点，气测普遍活跃；深水陆棚相上二叠统吴家坪组分布在石柱—万县以及广元—梁平一带，煤层仅在吴家坪组底部发育，吴家坪组二段以硅质页岩、泥岩为主，具有“高TOC、高脆性矿物含量、高孔隙度、高含气量、高含气饱和度”等五高特征，有机质类型为Ⅱ1型，有机质孔普见，是目前二叠系页岩气勘探开发的主力层系。Abstract: Various types of sedimentary facies were developed during the Longtan period of the Late Permian, Sichuan Basin. To discover the shale gas exploration potential of belts with different sedimentary facies, a systematic analysis of shale gas generation conditions was carried out on the basis of different typical wells. The organic-rich shale developed in the Sichuan Basin during the Late Permian Longtan period was mainly distributed in tidal flat-lagoon and shelf facies. With complex lithological combinations, the tidal flat-lagoon facies shale was distributed in the Ziyang-Yongchuan-Qijiang areas. Mudstone, shale, and argillaceous carbonate rocks were interbedded with varying thickness and coal seams were also developed in all sections. Furthermore, it has the characteristics of "high TOC, clay and gas contents, and high porosity". The main organic matter type is type Ⅲ. The shallow water, mixed shelf facies in the Longtan Formation was mainly distributed in the Guang'an-Changshou-Nanchuan area, with reduced coal seams and increased ash content. Coal seams were barely developed in the second member of the Longtan Formation. Its organic matter type is Ⅱ2-Ⅱ1, with stable thickness as well as medium TOC and brittle mineral contents. Gas logging was anomalous. The deep-water shelf facies in the Wujiaping Formation were mainly distributed in Shizhu-Wanxian and Guangyuan-Liangping. Coal seams were only developed at the bottom of the Wujiaping Formation. Moreover, the second member of the Wujiaping Formation is composed of siliceous shale and mudstone, which has the characteristics of "high TOC content, high brittle mineral content, high porosity, high gas content, and high gas saturation". Its organic matter type is Ⅱ1, with widespread organic pores. It is currently the main strata for the exploration and development of Permian shale gas in the Sichuan Basin.
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Key words:
- shale gas /
- Longtan Formation /
- Wujiaping Formation /
- Permian /
- exploration potential /
- eastern Sichuan area
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图 1 四川盆地构造单元及研究区位置
Figure 1. Structural units and location of study area, Sichuan Basin
图 2 四川盆地及周缘上二叠统龙潭组/吴家坪组沉积相
Figure 2. Sedimentary facies of Upper Permian Longtan/Wujiaping formations in Sichuan Basin and its periphery
图 3 川东地区SY1井上二叠统龙潭组页岩特征综合柱状图
据文献[10]，有修改。
Figure 3. Comprehensive stratigraphic histogram of shale, Upper Permian Longtan Formation, well SY1, eastern Sichuan Basin
图 4 四川盆地南部上二叠统龙潭组过渡相干酪根碳同位素分布
Figure 4. Distribution of kerogen carbon isotopes in transitional facies, Upper Permian Longtan Formation, southern Sichuan Basin
图 5 川东地区DYS1井上二叠统龙潭组泥页岩有机质孔发育特征
Figure 5. Development characteristics of organic matter pores in shale, Upper Permian Longtan Formation, well DYS1, eastern Sichuan Basin
图 6 川东地区DYS1井上二叠统龙潭组泥页岩无机矿物孔发育特征
Figure 6. Development characteristics of inorganic mineral pores in shale, Upper Permian Longtan Formation, well DYS1, eastern Sichuan Basin
图 7 川东地区SYx井上二叠统龙潭组页岩特征综合柱状图
Figure 7. Comprehensive stratigraphic histogram of shale, Upper Permian Longtan Formation, well SYx, eastern Sichuan Basin
图 8 川东地区HYx井上二叠统吴家坪组页岩特征综合柱状图
据文献[10]，有修改。
Figure 8. Comprehensive stratigraphic histogram of shale, Upper Permian Wujiaping Formation, well HYx, eastern Sichuan Basin
图 9 川东地区陆棚相上二叠统吴家坪组二段干酪根碳同位素分布
Figure 9. Carbon isotope distribution of kerogen, second member of Upper Permian Wujiaping Formation, eastern Sichuan Basin
图 10 浅水混积陆棚亚相(a，b，c)和深水陆棚亚相(d，e，f)有机孔发育程度对比
Figure 10. Comparison of organic pore development between shallow-water mixed shelf subfacies (a, b, c) and deep-water shelf subfacies (d, e, f)
表 1 川东地区不同类型龙潭组/吴家坪组页岩基本特征对比
Table 1. Basic characteristics of different types of shale in Longtan/Wujiaping formations, eastern Sichuan Basin
参数类型 潮坪—潟湖亚相(SY1井) 浅水混积陆棚亚相(SYx井) 深水陆棚亚相(HYx井) 潭二段/吴二段厚度/m 39 30 20 生烃条件 有机质类型 Ⅲ型为主 Ⅱ2型 Ⅱ1型 有机质丰度/% 4.3 2.2 8.3 热演化程度(Ro)/% 2.3 1.9 1.9 储集条件 有机质内孔 不发育 较发育 发育 孔隙度/% 2.67~9.74 3.03~9.88 可压性 黏土矿物含量/% 55 34 17 动态杨氏模量/GPa 22.5 40 42 总含气量/(m3·t-1) 1.22 3.81 气测曲线形态 尖峰状 箱状 箱状 
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