四川盆地上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩关键矿物成岩演化及其控储作用

王濡岳; 胡宗全; 包汉勇; 吴靖; 杜伟; 王鹏威; 彭泽阳; 卢婷

doi:10.11781/sysydz202106996

四川盆地上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩关键矿物成岩演化及其控储作用

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202106996

王濡岳^{1, 2, 3,},
胡宗全¹,
包汉勇⁴,
吴靖⁵,
杜伟¹,
王鹏威¹,
彭泽阳¹,
卢婷¹

1.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
2.
页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室, 北京 100083
3.
中国石化页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室, 北京 100083
4.
中国石化江汉油田分公司勘探开发研究院, 武汉 430223
5.
山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院, 山东青岛 266500

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41902134

国家自然科学基金项目 42172165

中国石化科技开发部项目 P20046-1

详细信息

作者简介:
王濡岳(1990-), 男, 博士, 高级工程师, 从事非常规油气地质与油气勘探规划研究。E-mail: wry1990@vip.qq.com

中图分类号: TE122.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-05-08
- 修回日期: 2021-09-25
- 刊出日期: 2021-11-28

Diagenetic evolution of key minerals and its controls on reservoir quality of Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale of Sichuan Basin

1.
SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 100083, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 100083, China
3.
SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Shale Gas/Oil Exploration & Production, Beijing 100083, China
4.
Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute of Jianghan Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
5.
School of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266500, China

摘要

摘要: 利用岩心—薄片—扫描电镜观察、X-射线衍射分析、碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素和能谱分析等手段，对四川盆地上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩中的石英、长石、黄铁矿、碳酸盐类和黏土矿物进行了有效识别与划分，分析了矿物成岩演化序列及其对储层发育的影响。结果表明，良好的物质基础和独特的成岩改造是优质页岩储层形成的关键：（1）莓状/自形黄铁矿、生物石英和微生物白云石主要形成于同生—早成岩阶段早期，对页岩原始孔隙的保持具有破坏性和建设性双重作用，其建设性支撑格架作用对优质页岩的形成起决定性作用，此类矿物与陆源碎屑构成的刚性支撑格架有利于原始孔隙的保持与后期的压裂改造。（2）生烃—成岩协同演化促进储集空间的发育，中成岩早期有机酸的产生和消耗、不稳定矿物（长石和碳酸盐矿物）溶蚀/蚀变、黏土矿物转化和干酪根生油具有同步性，为生油期液态烃的充注与滞留提供了有利空间；中成岩晚期—晚成岩阶段，干酪根和滞留烃裂解生气、成孔和增压促进了有机孔与微裂缝的发育，利于页岩气的富集与高产。
- 矿物类型 /
- 成岩演化序列 /
- 页岩气 /
- 五峰组 /
- 龙马溪组 /
- 上奥陶统 /
- 下志留统 /
- 四川盆地
Abstract: Based on core, thin section, scanning electron microscopy observations, X-ray diffraction analysis, as well as carbon and oxygen isotopes and energy spectrum analysis of carbonate rocks, the quartz, feldspar, pyrite, carbonate and clay minerals in shale of the Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi formations of Sichuan Basin were effectively characterised and classified, and the influences of their diagenetic evolution sequence on the development of shale reservoir were discussed. The results showed that good material basis and unique diagenetic sequence were the key factors for the formation of high-quality shale reservoirs. (1) Framboidal/euhedral pyrite, bio-quartz and microbial dolomite were mainly formed from the syngenetic stage to the A-substage of early diagenetic stage. They were both destructive and constructive for maintaining the original pores in shale, and the constructive supporting framework of which was critical for the formation of high-quality shale reservoir. The rigid framework formed by these early-formed minerals and terrigenous debris facilitated the maintenance of original pores and the reservoir stimulation of shale gas exploitation. (2) The co-evolution of hydrocarbon generation and diagenesis promoted the development of reservoir spaces. In the A-substage of middle diagenetic stage, the production and consumption of organic acids, the dissolution/alteration of unstable minerals (feldspar and carbonate minerals), clay mineral conversion and oil generation from kerogen were synchronic, which provided favorable space for the charging and retention of liquid hydrocarbons during the oil generation period. From the B-substage of middle diagenetic stage to the late diagenetic stage, the shale gas/organic pore generation and pressure increase of kerogen and retained hydrocarbon cracking promoted the development of organic pores and micro-fractures, which was conducive to the enrichment and high production of shale gas.
- mineral type /
- diagenetic evolution sequence /
- shale gas /
- Wufeng Formation /
- Longmaxi Formation /
- Upper Ordovician /
- Lower Silurian /
- Sichuan Basin

HTML全文

图 1 四川盆地上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组底部优质页岩沉积与地层岩性特征

据文献[9-10]修改。

Figure 1. Sedimentary and lithological characteristics of high-quality shale in Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi formations, Sichuan Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 四川盆地上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组底部页岩石英类型及其微观特征

a.硅质条带，YYA井，3 865.7 m；b.左图局部放大，硅质条带内放射虫等硅质生物富集；c.放射虫微观特征，JYA井，2 413.7 m；d.陆源与自生石英矿物构成刚性矿物支撑格架，DYA井，3 813.1 m

Figure 2. Types and microscopic characteristics of quartz at the bottom of Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale, Sichuan Basin

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图 3 四川盆地上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩长石溶蚀/蚀变特征

a.钠长石边缘溶蚀现象普遍，有机质充填，DYA井，3 811.2 m；b.钠长石边缘和局部溶蚀，有机质充填，DYA井，3 811.2 m；c.长石蚀变为黏土矿物，有机质充填，DYA井，3 792.4 m；d.长石蚀变为黏土矿物，有机质充填，DYA井，3 808.5 m

Figure 3. Characteristics of feldspar alteration in Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale, Sichuan Basin

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图 4 川南地区上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩碳酸盐矿物微观特征

a.颗粒状方解石与白云石微观特征，白云石边缘较规则，见溶蚀孔隙，YYA井，3 863.3 m；b.钙质生屑，WYB井，3 851.7 m；c.颗粒—胶结物形态方解石，WYA井，3 587.3 m；d-f.白云石边缘规则、自形程度高，形成时期与莓状黄铁矿接近，早于生物石英，WYA井，3 569.7~3 587.7 m

Figure 4. Microscopic characteristics of carbonate minerals in Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale, Sichuan Basin

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图 5 川南地区上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩碳酸盐矿物碳氧同位素与成因类型特征

马家沟组资料引自文献[18]。

Figure 5. Characteristics of C/O isotopes and genesis of carbonate minerals in Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale, Sichuan Basin

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图 6 四川盆地上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩黄铁矿微观特征及其与TOC含量关系

a.黄铁矿与TOC含量关系；b.莓状黄铁矿，形成时期早于生物石英，WYC井，3 704.4 m；c.自形黄铁矿，YYA井，3 831.1 m；d.黄铁矿交代海绵骨针，形成时期早于生物石英，DYA井，3 805.8 m

Figure 6. Characteristics of pyrites and their relationship with TOC contents in Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale, Sichuan Basin

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图 7 四川盆地涪陵地区典型井上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩黏土矿物组成特征

Figure 7. Clay mineral composition of Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale in typical wells in Fuling area, Sichuan Basin

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图 8 四川盆地涪陵地区上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩黏土矿物组成对有机质赋存与储层物性的影响

a.五峰组—龙马溪组页岩有机黏土复合体微观特征，JYC井，2 570 m；b.左图局部放大，有机孔发育；c.伊利石相对含量与孔隙度/TOC的关系；d.伊蒙混层相对含量与孔隙度/TOC的关系

Figure 8. Influence of clay mineral composition on organic matter occurrence and reservoir physical properties of Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale in Fuling area, Sichuan Basin

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图 9 四川盆地上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩主要矿物成岩演化序列

Figure 9. Diagenetic evolution sequence of major minerals in Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale, Sichuan Basin

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图 10 四川盆地上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组底部页岩有机—无机孔隙协同演化模式

Figure 10. Co-evolution model of organic and inorganic pores at the bottom of Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale, Sichuan Basin

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