Hydrocarbon generation and evolution characteristics of Triassic Zhangjiatan oil shale in southern Ordos Basin
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摘要: 鄂尔多斯盆地南部上三叠统延长组张家滩油页岩不仅是重要的固体矿产资源,也是该盆地三叠系油气的主力烃源岩。对张家滩油页岩典型露头剖面、钻井岩心进行有机碳含量(TOC)、氯仿沥青“A”及族组分、含油率等相关测试分析表明,张家滩油页岩有机质丰度高,TOC介于5.11%~36.47%,平均16.15%,生烃潜量(S0+S1+S2)介于16.58~230.98 mg/g,平均94.20 mg/g,氯仿沥青“A”介于0.42%~2.22%之间,平均1.25%,属于生烃条件极好的优质烃源岩;含油率高,介于3.52%~14.6%之间,平均8.16%,属于中高品质的油页岩;干酪根类型以Ⅰ—Ⅱ1型为主,Ro介于0.43%~1.09%。综合利用野外露头剖面和钻井岩心样品,建立了盆地南部张家滩油页岩的热演化剖面,分析了氯仿抽提前、后油页岩的含油率变化及油页岩热演化过程中含油率、热解烃产物的变化特征,揭示鄂尔多斯盆地南部张家滩油页岩具有聚集油页岩、页岩油两类资源的潜力,提出了相应的勘探开发对策。Abstract: The Zhangjiatan oil shale from the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the southern Ordos Basin is an important solid mineral resource, it can also be considered as the main source rock of Triassic oil and gas in the basin. Results of analytical experiments such as TOC, bitumen extraction and group composition, oil content etc. of shale samples from key typical outcrop sections and drilling cores showed that the Zhangjiatan oil shale has a high organic matter abundance. The TOC content ranges 5.11% to 36.47%, with an average value of 16.15%. The S0+S1+S2 value distributes between 16.58-230.98 mg/g, with an average value of 94.20 mg/g. The extracted bitumen abundance is between 0.42%-2.22%, with an average value of 1.25%. Based on these analytical results, Zhangjiatan oil shale can be assigned to be high-quality source rock with an excellent hydrocarbon generation potential. The oil content of oil shale is between 3.52% and 14.6%, with an average value of 8.16%, which belongs to medium- and high-quality oil shale. The kerogen type is mainly Ⅰ-Ⅱ1, and the Ro value generally ranges from 0.43% to 1.09%. Based on field outcrop and drilling core samples, a thermal evolution profile of the Zhangjiatan oil shale in the southern Ordos Basin was established. Moreover, the oil contents of oil shale before and after solvent extraction were compared, and the variations of oil content and pyrolysis hydrocarbon products during the thermal evolution of oil shale were analyzed. There are two types of resources such as oil shale and shale oil in the Zhangjiatan oil shale with a great potential in the southern Ordos Basin. Moreover, some exploration and development countermeasures of oil shale and shale oil were put forward.
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Key words:
- thermal evolution /
- shale oil /
- Zhangjiatan oil shale /
- Yanchang Formation /
- Upper Triassic /
- southern Ordos Basin
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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地南部张家滩油页岩厚度分布
据文献[15]修改。
Figure 1. Thickness of Zhangjiatan oil shale in southern Ordos Basin
图 2 鄂尔多斯盆地南部张家滩油页岩最高热解峰温(Tmax)与氢指数(IH)关系
青山口组、嫩江组和桦甸组油页岩数据据文献[19]。
Figure 2. IH vs. Tmax diagram indicating kerogen types and maturity range of Zhangjiatan oil shale in southern Ordos Basin
图 3 鄂尔多斯盆地南部张家滩油页岩与陆相页岩储层矿物组分对比
图中张家滩油页岩来自何家坊地区,长7段页岩和山1段页岩数据据文献[22]。
Figure 3. Mineral composition of Zhangjiatan oil shale and continental shale reservoir in southern Ordos Basin
表 1 鄂尔多斯盆地南部张家滩油页岩地球化学特征统计
Table 1. Geochemical characteristics of Zhangjiatan oil shale in southern Ordos Basin
地区 剖面/探井 ω(TOC)/% ω(S)/% (S0+S1+S2)/(mg·g-1) 氯仿沥青“A”/% IH/(mg·g-1) Tmax/℃ Ro/% 旬宜 福地 $ \frac{{15.74\sim 27.74}}{{20.37(3)}}$ $ \frac{{0.45\sim 2.69}}{{1.31(3)}}$ $ \frac{{78.38\sim 105.57}}{{90.82(3)}}$ $ \frac{{0.93\sim 1.06}}{{1.01(3)}}$ $ \frac{{312\sim 576}}{{459(3)}}$ $ \frac{{432\sim 440}}{{437(3)}}$ $ \frac{{0.63\sim 0.68}}{{0.66(3)}}$ 霸王庄 $ \frac{{26.72\sim 36.47}}{{31.60(2)}}$ $ \frac{{2.81\sim 5.88}}{{4.35(2)}}$ $ \frac{{167.39\sim 230.98}}{{199.18(2)}}$ $ \frac{{1.52\sim 1.71}}{{1.62(2)}}$ $ \frac{{428\sim 815}}{{622(2)}}$ $ \frac{{433\sim 439}}{{436(2)}}$ $ \frac{{0.54\sim 0.59}}{{0.57(2)}}$ 何家坊 20.19 3.42 116.19 1.48 550 430 0.59 前烈桥 27.08 0.61 122.29 0.72 436 430 0.51 阎曲河 8.34 2.04 42.93 0.42 486 425 0.69 贾曲河 9.35 1.19 35.42 0.51 363 428 0.43 聂家河 $ \frac{{20.91\sim 33.71}}{{28.04(3)}}$ $ \frac{{0.82\sim 2.57}}{{1.53(3)}}$ $ \frac{{61.04\sim 150.87}}{{120.00(3)}}$ $ \frac{{0.46\sim 1.82}}{{1.27(3)}}$ $ \frac{{283\sim 485}}{{394(3)}}$ $ \frac{{426\sim 432}}{{430(3)}}$ $ \frac{{0.44\sim 0.47}}{{0.46(3)}}$ 彬长 水北沟 $ \frac{{9.60\sim 9.95}}{{9.78(2)}}$ $ \frac{{0.75\sim 0.97}}{{0.86(2)}}$ $ \frac{{67.1\sim 159.99}}{{113.54(2)}}$ $ \frac{{0.83\sim 1.15}}{{0.99(2)}}$ $ \frac{{680\sim 1467}}{{1074(2)}}$ $ \frac{{432\sim 433}}{{433(2)}}$ $ \frac{{0.42\sim 0.43}}{{0.43(2)}}$ JH4井 10.00 2.93 59.38 1.63 549 433 0.74 JH6井 17.77 2.98 104.45 1.53 555 434 0.72 JH60井 $ \frac{{7.40\sim 22.81}}{{13.13(3)}}$ $ \frac{{1.55\sim 2.32}}{{2.03(3)}}$ $ \frac{{57.60\sim 206.38}}{{113.67(3)}}$ $ \frac{{1.33\sim 1.66}}{{1.54(3)}}$ $ \frac{{757\sim 871}}{{799(3)}}$ $ \frac{{438\sim 439}}{{439(3)}}$ $ \frac{{0.6\sim 0.7}}{{>0.65(3)}}$3 镇泾 HH12井 13.75 2.17 114.17 1.22 780 443 0.61 HH151井 6.24 0.55 46.30 1.24 730 448 0.67 HH157井 5.44 0.44 42.00 1.05 733 446 0.7 HH159井 6.41 1.58 39.01 1.07 574 438 0.74 富县 LH2井 6.81 2.39 16.58 1.54 202 449 0.84 ZF25井 5.11 0.49 17.42 2.22 275 455 1.09 范围及平均值 $ \frac{{5.11\sim 36.47}}{{16.15(25)}}$ $ \frac{{0.44\sim 5.88}}{{1.83(25)}}$ $ \frac{{16.58\sim 230.98}}{{94.20(25)}}$ $ \frac{{0.42\sim 2.22}}{{1.25(25)}}$ $ \frac{{202\sim 1467}}{{583(25)}}$ $ \frac{{425\sim 455}}{{437(25)}}$ $ \frac{{0.42\sim 1.09}}{{0.63(25)}}$ 注: 表中分式意义为$ \frac{{\left( {{\rm{最小值}}\sim {\rm{最大值}}} \right)}}{{\rm{平均值}}({\rm{样品数}})}$ 。 表 2 鄂尔多斯盆地南部张家滩油页岩测试分析统计
Table 2. Testing data of Zhangjiatan oil shale in southern Ordos Basin
样品来源 样号 ω(TOC)/% S0/(mg·g-1) S1/(mg·g-1) S2/(mg·g-1) (S0+S1+S2)/(mg·g-1) 氯仿沥青“A”/% 饱和烃/% 芳烃/% 非烃/% 沥青质/% 含油率/% Ro/% Tmax/℃ 抽提前 抽提后 水北沟 SBG1 9.95 0.53 13.45 146.01 159.99 1.154 37.63 23.14 34.96 4.27 14.38 4.25 0.43 432 聂家河 NJH3 33.71 0.33 7.85 139.90 148.08 1.542 38.98 9.06 44.48 7.48 12.50 5.45 0.46 426 聂家河 NJH2 29.51 0.27 7.51 143.10 150.87 1.822 45.02 13.42 38.53 3.03 9.57 3.66 0.47 432 霸王庄 BWZ2 36.47 0.62 10.72 156.06 167.39 1.522 33.87 15.08 49.94 1.11 14.60 4.28 0.54 439 霸王庄 BWZ4 26.72 0.44 12.67 217.87 230.98 1.714 34.53 19.37 41.05 5.05 13.10 4.16 0.59 433 红河 HH12 13.75 0.45 6.51 107.22 114.17 1.222 32.96 33.79 25.43 7.82 11.35 3.05 0.61 443 泾河 JH60 22.81 0.91 6.89 198.58 206.38 1.663 33.15 20.66 38.08 8.11 12.35 2.42 0.63 439 福地 FD2 17.64 0.09 3.80 101.67 105.57 1.056 36.91 22.47 31.34 9.28 8.65 2.51 0.68 440 泾河 JH6 17.77 0.17 5.59 98.68 104.45 1.530 55.42 23.87 19.13 1.58 10.27 2.75 0.72 434 泾河 JH4 10.00 0.15 4.31 54.92 59.38 1.632 42.23 26.07 30.48 1.22 8.24 1.79 0.74 433 洛河 LH2 6.81 0.15 2.67 13.76 16.58 1.541 59.41 21.15 15.81 3.63 6.14 1.85 0.84 449 富县 ZF25 5.11 0.18 3.21 14.04 17.42 2.221 64.72 17.38 11.88 6.02 6.35 0.89 1.09 455 -
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