Geological characteristics and exploration direction of continental shale gas in Jurassic Daanzhai Member, Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 四川盆地海相页岩气已取得勘探开发的重大突破，建成了涪陵、威远、长宁、昭通、威荣、永川6个页岩气田。陆相页岩气资源潜力大，是重要的勘探接替领域。采用全岩X衍射、有机碳含量分析、干酪根碳同位素、有机岩石学、高压压汞—氮吸附联合测定、氩离子抛光—扫描电镜及物性等多种测试分析手段，综合评价了四川盆地侏罗系大安寨段页岩气形成条件，并探讨了页岩气富集主控因素。四川盆地侏罗系大安寨段陆相页岩具有岩相变化快，非均质性强，页岩与砂岩、灰岩频繁互层特征；有机质丰度低，TOC为0.04%~3.89%，有机质类型以Ⅱ2型和Ⅲ型为主；热演化程度低，Ro介于1.10%~1.83%，处于成熟—高成熟阶段，以凝析油和湿气为主。陆相页岩物性较好，孔隙度介于0.95%~8.42%，平均值3.21%，以无机矿物质孔为主，主要为微孔和介孔，现场含气量测试平均为0.96 m3/t。发育于半深湖相、有利的岩相组合、裂缝和保存条件是陆相页岩气富集主控因素。基于主控因素分析，突出陆相页岩品质及热演化程度，结合保存条件和工程技术条件，建立了四川盆地大安寨段页岩气有利区评价标准。采用GIS融合的空间叠合技术，评价出元坝西南部、阆中东南部、仪陇地区、涪陵西北部和建南西北部是四川盆地大安寨段陆相页岩气下一步勘探的有利区带。Abstract: Productive breakthroughs have been achieved for the exploration and development of marine shale gas in the Sichuan Basin, and 6 shale gas fields have been built including Fuling, Weiyuan, Changning, Zhaotong, Weirong and Yongchuan. Continental shale gas is an important exploration replacement layer series with great potential. By the approaches of whole rock X-ray diffraction, TOC content, carbon isotope of kerogen, organic petrology, combined determination of high-pressure mercury injection and nitrogen adsorption, argon ion polishing and scanning electron microscope, and physical property test, the formation conditions of shale gas in the Jurassic Daanzhai Member of the Sichuan Basin were discussed, and the main controlling factors of shale gas enrichment were proposed. Results show that continental shale in the Jurassic Daanzhai Member in the Sichuan Basin is featured by rapid lithofacies changes, strong heterogeneity, frequent interbedding of shale, sandstones and limestones, low organic matter abundance, TOC ranging from 0.04% to 3.89% with type Ⅱ2 and Ⅲ of organic matters, low degree of thermal evolution with Ro values ranging from 1.10% to 1.83%, producing both condensate oil and wet gas. Continental shale has high porosity, ranging from 0.95% to 8.42%, There are mainly inorganic mineral pores dominated by micropores and mesopores. The average gas content of field test is 0.96 m3/t. It is clear that semi-deep lacustrine facies, favorable lithofacies assemblage, fractures and preservation conditions are the main controlling factors of continental shale gas enrichment. Based on the analysis of main controlling factors, highlighting the quality and thermal evolution degree of continental shale, combined with preservation conditions and engineering technical conditions, an evaluation criterion of favorable areas for continental shale gas in the Daanzhai Member in the Sichuan Basin was established. Combined with GIS integrated spatial superposition technology, several favorable zones were proposed, including the southwest of Yuanba, the southeast of Langzhong, Yilong, the northwest of Fuling and the northwest of Jiannan areas.
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Key words:
- continental shale gas /
- lithofacies /
- inorganic mineral pores /
- favorable area /
- Daanzhai Member /
- Jurassic /
- Sichuan Basin
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图 1 四川盆地侏罗系大安寨段沉积相、页岩厚度分布
Figure 1. Sedimentary facies and distribution of shale thickness in Jurassic Daanzhai Member, Sichuan Basin
图 3 四川盆地侏罗系大安寨段有机碳含量平面分布(a)及直方图(b-c)
Figure 3. Planar distribution(a) and histogram(b-c) of organic carbon contents of Jurassic Daanzhai Member, Sichuan Basin
图 4 四川盆地侏罗系大安寨段页岩干酪根类型统计
Figure 4. Statistical histogram of shale kerogen types of Jurassic Daanzhai Member, Sichuan Basin
图 5 四川盆地侏罗系大安寨段页岩有机质Ro等值线
Figure 5. Ro contour map of shale organic matter in Jurassic Daanzhai Member, Sichuan Basin
图 6 四川盆地元坝地区侏罗系大安寨段孔隙度分布
Figure 6. Histogram of pore distribution in Jurassic Daanzhai Member, Yuanba area, Sichuan Basin
图 7 四川盆地侏罗系大安寨段微孔隙类型
Figure 7. Micropore types of Jurassic Daanzhai Member, Sichuan Basin
图 8 四川盆地侏罗系大安寨段夹层储集空间特征
a.介壳灰岩，残余粒屑结构，不连续溶蚀裂缝，宽为0.01~0.08 mm，FY1井，2 596.8 m；b.介壳灰岩，YL30井，3 982.69 m；c.介壳灰岩，介壳内发育丰富溶孔，YL4井，3 790.14 m；d.介壳灰岩，介壳局部放大，发育丰富的微裂隙和溶孔，其中充填泥质，YL4井，3 760.75 m
Figure 8. Characteristics of interbedded reservoir space in Jurassic Daanzhai Member, Sichuan Basin
图 9 四川盆地侏罗系大安寨段页岩中的裂缝类型
Figure 9. Fracture types of shales in Jurassic Daanzhai Member, Sichuan Basin
图 10 四川盆地元坝地区侏罗系大安寨段页岩高压压汞—吸附联合测试孔隙分布
Figure 10. Histogram of pore distribution by high-pressure mercury injection and adsorption combined test of shale in Jurassic Daanzhai Member, Yuanba area, Sichuan Basin
图 11 四川盆地侏罗系大安寨段页岩油气有利区评价
Figure 11. Favorable area evaluation of shale oil and gas in Jurassic Daanzhai Member, Sichuan Basin
表 1 四川盆地元坝地区侏罗系大安寨段陆相页岩孔隙度与渗透率
Table 1. Porosity and permeability of continental shale in Jurassic Daanzhai Member, Yuanba area, Sichuan Basin
井名 样品数/个 孔隙度/% 渗透率/10-3 μm2 最小值 最大值 平均值 最小值 最大值 平均值 YL4 13 1.33 8.42 4.23 0.001 8 3.410 0 3.880 0 YL17 79 0.95 5.21 2.88 0.001 8 2.920 0 0.780 0 YL10 38 0.98 3.72 1.71 0.010 3 0.470 0 0.070 0 YL16 15 1.04 6.19 2.48 0.002 6 2.070 0 0.130 0 YL122 26 0.97 7.31 2.29 0.004 9 3.110 0 0.140 0 YL104 7 1.21 3.01 2.10 0.005 3 0.520 0 0.110 0 YL21 7 2.79 5.19 3.95 0.009 7 1.940 0 0.390 0 YL102 2 3.54 4.99 4.27 0.080 5 0.100 0 0.090 0 合计 202 0.95 8.42 3.21 0.001 8 3.410 0 1.720 0 
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表 2 四川盆地元坝地区侏罗系大安寨段储层物性参数
Table 2. Reservoir physical parameters of Jurassic Daanzhai Member, Yuanba area, Sichuan Basin
地层 样品数/个 孔隙度/% 渗透率/10-3 μm2 最小值 最大值 平均值 最小值 最大值 平均值 大一亚段 51 0.95 6.19 1.73 0.001 8 2.070 0 1.780 0 大二亚段 88 0.97 8.42 2.86 0.002 6 3.410 0 2.430 0 大三亚段 41 0.98 5.19 2.10 0.001 8 1.940 0 1.370 0
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表 3 四川盆地陆相页岩气有利区评价标准
Table 3. Evaluation criteria of favorable areas for continental shale gas, Sichuan Basin
参数类型 参数名称 评分等级 一类(1.0~0.75) 二类(0.75~0.5) 三类(0.5~0) 页岩品质 ω(TOC)≥0.5%页岩累计厚度/m > 60 60~30 < 30 ω(TOC)≥1.0%页岩连续厚度/m > 30 30~10 < 10 ω(TOC)≥2.0%页岩连续厚度/m > 15 15~5 < 5 岩相类型 页岩型、页岩夹薄(纹)层型 页岩夹中层型 页岩夹厚层型 纹层发育情况 发育 较发育 不发育 孔隙度/% 页岩 > 4 4~2 < 2 夹层 > 3 3~2 < 2 热演化程度 成熟度/% Ⅰ-Ⅱ 1.3~3.0(气为主) 0.9~1.3(油、气同产)3.0~3.5(气) < 0.9(油) > 3.5(气) Ⅲ型 1.1~2.5 0.5~1.1或2.5~3.0 < 0.5或 > 3.0 保存条件 压力系数 > 1.2 1.2~0.9 < 0.9 工程条件 埋深/m 1 500~3 500 3 500~4 500，1 000~1 500 > 4 500， < 1 000 脆性指数/% > 50 50~30 < 30 岩性组合类型 页岩与砂岩、碳酸盐岩互层 页岩夹砂岩、碳酸盐岩 页岩
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