In situ occurrence of shale oil in micro-nano pores in Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin
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摘要: 页岩油储层因微—纳米孔喉体系发育,使得油的赋存分散复杂,状态多样,研究困难。通过场发射扫描电镜、核磁共振、激光共聚焦和纳米CT等技术手段,对准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷中二叠统芦草沟组页岩油进行了研究。芦草沟组页岩油“甜点”粉—细砂岩和云质粉砂岩孔隙面孔率分布在11.0%~23.5%之间,大于2 μm的粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔占比在49.0%以上。受烃源岩生烃超压运移、孔隙表面吸附和页岩油连续成藏不同阶段油质差异等复杂因素控制,油和孔隙水的分布在微—纳米尺度上具有较强的分异性:“甜点”储层中2~5 μm以上孔隙内中质组分油和游离水赋存于孔隙中心,重质组分油以薄膜状赋存于孔隙表面;2 μm以下孔隙中主要为充填状重质组分油。中质组分油动用性较好,而重质组分油则是未来提高采收率比较现实可行的目标。Abstract: The development of micro-nano pores and throats in shale oil reservoirs has made it complicated and diversified for the occurrence and state of oil, and is difficult to be studied. A case study was carried out with the Middle Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimsar Sag of Junggar Basin by the approaches of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM) and nano-CT. The plane porosities of siltstones and dolomitic siltstones in sweet spots of the study area range from 11.0% to 23.5%, and the dissolved pores and intragranular dissolved pores larger than 2 μm account for more than 49.0%. The distribution of oil and pore water has strong differentiation in micro-nano scale, which is controlled by complex factors such as overpressure migration of hydrocarbon generation, pore surface adsorption and oil quality difference in different stages of continuous shale oil accumulation. In sweet spot reservoirs, intermediate oil and free water occur in the center of pores larger than 2 μm, while heavy oil exists on pore surface as thin film. Pores with the size smaller than 2 μm are mainly filled with heavy oil. Intermediate oil is relatively easier to be explored, while heavy oil is a more realistic and feasible target for enhanced oil recovery in the future.
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Key words:
- shale oil /
- pore distribution /
- microscopic fluid occurrence /
- Lucaogou Formation /
- Jimsar Sag /
- Junggar Basin
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图 2 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组页岩储层微—纳米孔隙特征
a.粒间溶孔与粒内溶孔,孔隙中有板条状自生钠长石充填,铸体薄片(蓝色铸体),粉细砂岩,J10025井,3 542.31 m;b.粒间溶孔,砂屑云岩,铸体薄片(蓝色铸体),J10025井,3 533.27 m;c.粒间溶孔,云质粉砂岩,铸体薄片(蓝色铸体),吉30井,4 052.31 m;d.长石溶蚀孔隙,孔隙中板条状钠长石充填形成钠长石晶间孔,钠长石晶体表面分布有薄膜状油,液氮冷冻氩离子抛光后场发射扫描电镜观察(BSE),J10025井,3 549.29 m;e.白云石晶间孔,孔隙边缘具溶蚀特征,场发射扫描电镜观察,吉41井,3 917.10 m;f.黏土矿物晶间孔,黏土矿物表面吸附有油,氩离子抛光后场发射扫描电镜观察(BSE),J10022井,3 477.22 m
Figure 2. Micro-nano pore characteristics in shale oil reservoirs in Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin
图 4 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组页岩油微观赋存特征
a.纳米级—微米级全孔径含油,“小孔”中为充填状,“大孔”中为薄膜状,液氮冷冻氩离子抛光后场发射扫描电镜观察,J10025井,3 549.29 m;b.纳米孔中充填状油,液氮冷冻氩离子抛光后场发射扫描电镜观察,J10022井,3 477.22 m;c.孔隙边缘为重质组分油(蓝色),孔隙中间为中质组分油(紫红色),灰色为骨架矿物与颗粒,激光共聚焦分析,J10025井,3 555.06 m;d.微米级孔隙边缘为油(红色),孔隙中间为水(蓝色),白色为骨架矿物与颗粒,油水比94:6,纳米CT流体分析二维切片,坐标轴x、y代表柱塞样品横截面,坐标轴z代表柱塞样品长轴方向,J10014井,3 390.0 m
Figure 4. Microscopic occurrence of shale oil in Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin
表 1 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组页岩油储层孔隙分布
Table 1. Pore distribution of shale oil reservoirs in Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin
岩性 样品数/个 面孔率/% 不同孔径的孔隙占比/% >2 000 nm 200~2 000 nm 200~20 nm <20 nm 粉细砂岩 14 17.0~23.5 49.0 45.8 3.8 1.4 砂屑云岩 10 10.5~16.5 20.6 70.1 7.6 1.7 云质粉砂岩 5 11.0~17.5 49.6 31.0 13.9 5.5 泥质粉砂岩 3 2.6~4.6 1.4 21.2 57.4 20.0 -
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