Characteristics and exploration prospect of dolograinstone beach reservoir in Xixiangchi Formation, Cambrian, Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 寒武系洗象池组是四川盆地下古生界天然气勘探重要接替层系,规模储层控制了低勘探程度区的勘探发现。采用岩心、测井和地震资料分析,结合区域构造演化,通过对该区洗象池组滩相白云岩原岩结构恢复,开展了储层特征、控制因素及发育模式等研究。①滩相白云岩储层岩石类型包括砂屑白云岩、含砾屑砂屑白云岩、砂砾屑白云岩、鲕粒白云岩、残余颗粒白云岩以及晶粒白云岩等,主要发育在滩—滩多期叠置、坪—滩—坪、潟湖—滩—潟湖和坪—滩—潟湖等多种沉积微相组合序列。储集空间类型以晶间(溶蚀)孔、粒间(溶蚀)孔和溶洞为主,少量(溶蚀)裂缝发育。储层段孔隙度在3%~6%之间,最高可达10%以上。②在同沉积古隆起影响下,洗象池组滩相白云岩受同生—准同生期高频次暴露形成了大量溶蚀孔洞,后期叠加了加里东期多幕次构造作用的影响,形成了规模发育的滩相白云岩储层。其中,洗象池组沉积末期的郁南运动影响范围大,全盆地广泛发生暴露,对洗象池组中—上部储层有进一步改造作用;都匀运动和广西运动可能对川中古隆起及周缘储层有改造作用。③全盆地洗象池组以Ⅱ类储层和Ⅲ类储层为主,其中,古隆起周缘斜坡带(合川—营山)规模储层分布面积过万平方千米,有望成为目前最有利勘探区带。Abstract: The Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation is an important succeeding stratum for gas exploration[JP] in the Lower Paleozoic of the Sichuan Basin, for which, the exploration degree is low, and the main controlling factors of large-scale[JP] reservoirs have not been well understood. Based on core, logging, seismic data and combined with regional tectonic evolution analysis, the original sedimentary structure of the shoal dolograinstone reservoir in the Cambrian[JP] Xixiangchi Formation were restored in this paper, and the characteristics, controlling factors and development patterns were further discussed. Results show that: (1) The rock types of shoal dolograinstone karst reservoirs mainly include dolograinstone, dolopackstone, granulated dolostone, residual granular dolomite and grain dolomite. It appeared to be developed in a variety of sedimentary micro-facies assemblages, such as shoal-shoal superimposition, flat-shoal-flat, lagoon-beach-lagoon and flat-beach-lagoon. The main reservoir space are intergranular (dissolution) holes, intergranular (dissolution) pores and vugs, and a small number[JP] of (dissolution)fractures were also developed. The reservoir porosity ranges from 3% to 6% with a highest value greater than 10%. (2) The dolograinstone shoal facies dolostone of the Xixiangchi Formation was controlled by the sea level changes and synsedimentary paleouplift. A large number of dissolution pores were formed after multiple exposure in the contemporaneous and quasi contemporaneous periods. Among them, the Yunan Movement at the end of the Xixiangchi period has a wide range of distribution and extensive exposure in the whole basin, which may further transform the middle and upper reservoirs of the Xixiangchi Formation. The Duyun and Guangxi movements might transform the central Sichuan paleouplift and its surrounding reservoirs. (3) The favorable reservoir distribution areas of Xixiangchi Formation in the Sichuan Basin were predicted to develop mainly type Ⅱ and Ⅲ reservoirs. Among them, the scale reservoir distribution area of the slope belt around the paleo-uplift is more than 10 000 km2[JP], which is expected to be the most favorable exploration area at present.
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Key words:
- paleo-karst /
- dolograinstone /
- reservoir /
- Caledonian Movement /
- Cambrian /
- Xixiangchi Formation /
- Sichuan Basin
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图 3 四川盆地寒武系洗象池组颗粒滩型白云岩储层岩石类型及储集空间特征
a.宝龙1井,4 624.38 m,残余砂屑白云岩,残余粒间溶孔,部分被晚期热液白云石和方解石充填;b.习水吼滩剖面,残余砂屑细晶白云岩,晶间溶洞;c.习水吼滩剖面,细晶白云岩,溶洞发育,通过光线增益可见其原岩为颗粒岩;d.螺观1井,4 421.5 m,残余颗粒细晶白云岩,粒间(溶)孔被晚期热液白云石半充填;e.螺观1井,4 420.68 m,残余颗粒细晶白云岩,针状孔发育;f.广探2井,5 322.63 m,砂屑白云岩,残余粒间溶孔;g.习水吼滩剖面,含生屑砂屑白云岩,粒间孔和粒间溶孔发育;h.座3井,5 053.3 m,风暴搅动砾屑白云岩;i.广探2井,5 321.8 m,细晶白云岩,晶间溶孔发育;j.南川三汇剖面,砂砾屑白云岩,粒间溶孔发育;k.广探2井,5 343.2~5 343.3 m,砂屑白云岩,溶洞发育;l.广探2井,5 351.8~5 351.9 m,砂屑白云岩,溶洞发育;m. 长宁双河剖面,砂屑白云岩,溶洞;n.座3井,5 066.98~5 067.13 m,砂砾屑白云岩,无孔洞;o.广探2井,5 343.7 m,残余砂屑白云岩,孔洞顺层发育
Figure 3. Rock types and spatial characteristics of dolograinstone beach reservoir of Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation, Sichuan Basin
图 11 四川盆地寒武系洗象池组储层有利储层评价和区带优选
烃源岩分布据参考文献[23],有修改。
Figure 11. Favorable reservoir evaluation and zone optimization of Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation, Sichuan Basin
表 1 四川盆地寒武系洗象池组储层评价分类及特征
Table 1. Reservoir classification and characteristics of Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation in Sichuan Basin
储层评价参数 储层分类 Ⅰ类 Ⅱ类 Ⅲ类 孔隙度/% >8 4~8 2~4 渗透率/10-3 μm2 >0.5 0.05~0.5 0.02~0.05 排替压力/MPa <0.2 0.2~1 1~5 饱和度中值压力/MPa <0.5 0.5~8.0 8~20 GR值/API < 20 < 30 >25 AC值/(μs·m-1) 43~48 43~50 43~53 电阻率/(Ω·m) < 1 000 < 1 000 < 3 000 地震响应 连续中强波峰 断续、中强波峰 断续、中弱波峰 储集空间类型 粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔、溶洞 粒间溶孔、晶间溶孔、溶蚀缝 晶间溶孔、构造溶蚀缝 岩石类型 鲕粒白云岩、砂屑白云岩、细—中晶白云岩 砂屑白云岩、粉晶白云岩 粉—细晶云岩 沉积相类型 台内滩 台内滩、云质潟湖 云质潟湖 综合评价 好 中 差 -
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