珠江口盆地白云凹陷古近纪挠曲缓坡带三角洲沉积过程响应水槽模拟

吴宇翔; 柳保军; 张春生; 丁琳; 谢世文; 李小平; 龙更生

doi:10.11781/sysydz202203476

珠江口盆地白云凹陷古近纪挠曲缓坡带三角洲沉积过程响应水槽模拟

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202203476

吴宇翔^{1, 2,},
柳保军^{1, 2},
张春生³,
丁琳^{1, 2},
谢世文^{1, 2},
李小平^{1, 2},
龙更生^{1, 2}

1.
中海石油有限公司深圳分公司, 广东深圳 518067
2.
中海石油深海开发有限公司, 广东深圳 518067
3.
长江大学地球科学学院, 武汉 430100

基金项目:

国家科技重大专项 2016ZX05026-003-003

详细信息

作者简介:
吴宇翔(1989-), 男, 硕士, 工程师, 从事地震沉积学及油气勘探综合研究。E-mail: wuyx21@cnooc.com.cn

中图分类号: TE121.3
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- 文章访问数: 443
- HTML全文浏览量: 184
- PDF下载量: 44
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-02
- 修回日期: 2022-04-20
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-28

Flume simulation of response of deltaic sedimentary process to Paleogene flexural gentle slope belt in Baiyun Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea

WU Yuxiang^{1, 2
,},
LIU Baojun^{1, 2},
ZHANG Chunsheng³,
DING Lin^{1, 2},
XIE Shiwen^{1, 2},
LI Xiaoping^{1, 2},
LONG Gengsheng^{1, 2}

1.
Shenzhen Branch, CNOOC China Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
2.
CNOOC Deepwater Development Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
3.
School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei 430100, China

摘要

摘要: 南海北部陆缘深水区已发现数亿吨油气地质储量，而裂陷期古近系规模有效储层的分布是深水区勘探取得持续发现的关键。珠江口盆地白云凹陷深水区挠曲缓坡带裂陷期从文昌组到恩平组的地震资料上可观察到持续发育的大型辫状河三角洲。在无井或少井的情况下，为进一步认识该区构造沉降过程中大型辫状河三角洲的沉积单元组成、演化规律，开展了白云凹陷挠曲缓坡带三角洲沉积过程响应水槽模拟实验。实验设计了3期构造沉降，分别对应古近纪区域构造—沉积演化的3个时期，即均衡裂陷期、拆离裂陷期和断拗裂陷期，采用洪水、平水、枯水相间隔的方式模拟牵引流的水动力机制。实验表明，在3期构造沉降过程中，挠曲缓坡带均发育天然堤、泛滥平原、分流河道、废弃河道、支流间湾、水下分流河道、河口坝等三角洲沉积环境微相单元；辫状河三角洲以侧向进积作用为主，垂向加积作用为辅，沉积中心逐渐向洼陷中心迁移；裂陷期挠曲缓坡带三角洲形态及砂体分布主要受构造地貌、入湖河流流量、湖平面升降以及水体深度等因素控制。
- 裂陷期 /
- 水槽模拟 /
- 深水陆缘 /
- 挠曲缓坡带 /
- 白云凹陷 /
- 珠江口盆地
Abstract: Hundreds of millions of tons of oil and gas geological reserves have been discovered through exploration in the deep-water area of the northern continental margin of the South China Sea, and the distribution of large-scale effective reservoirs during the Paleogene rifting period is the key for continuous discovery in deep-water zone. Large braided fluvio-delta can be observed on seismic data from the Wenchang to Enping formations in the rifting period of the flexural gentle slope belt in the deep-water zone. Due to the absence of wells or few wells, for further understanding of the composition and evolution of large braided fluvio-deltaic sedimentary units in the process of tectonic subsidence in this region, a simulation experiment on the response of the deltaic sedimentation process in the flexural gentle slope zone to flume was carried out. Three phases of tectonic subsidence were designed for the simulation experiment, corresponding to the three phases of Paleogene regional tectonic-sedimentary evolution including balanced rifting period, detached rifting period, and faulted depression rifting period. The hydrodynamic mechanism of tractive flow was simulated by means of flood, flat water, and dry water. Simulation results showed that during the three stages of tectonic subsidence, the flexural gentle slope zone deve-loped distributary channels, natural dikes, floodplains, underwater distributary channels, estuaries, inter-tributary bays and other delta sedimentary microfacies units. The braided river delta was dominated by lateral proliferation, supplemented by vertical accretion, and the sedimentary center gradually migrated to the center of the depression, with almost no degeneration. The delta shape and sand body distribution in the flexural gentle slope zone during the rifting period were mainly controlled by factors such as structural geomorphology, river discharge amount into lake, lake level changes, and water depth.
- rifting period /
- flume simulation /
- deep-water continental margin /
- flexural gentle slope zone /
- Baiyun Sag /
- Pearl River Mouth Basi

HTML全文

图 1 珠江口盆地构造单元划分(a)、白云凹陷地理位置(b)、白云凹陷三角洲—湖相沉积体系(c)及研究区模拟实验平面按比例对照示意(d)

图1a改自文献[22]；图1c位置见图1b，引自文献[1]；图1d中的x，y对应图 2中的x，y。

Figure 1. Division of tectonic units in Pearl River Mouth Basin (a), geographic location of Baiyun Sag (b), delta-lacustrine sedimentary system of Baiyun Sag (c), and schematic diagram of scale of study area (d)

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图 2 实验装置示意

改自文献[9]。

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of experimental device

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图 3 主要沉积区模拟地形设计示意

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of simulated terrain design of main sedimentary areas

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图 4 水槽模拟实验3期的砂体平面分布

Figure 4. Plane distribution of sand bodies in three stages of simulation experiment

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图 5 水槽模拟实验展示的辫状河三角洲平原亚相沉积特征(a)和前缘亚相沉积特征(b)

Figure 5. Sedimentary characteristics of plain (a) and front subfacies (b) of braided river delta in flume simulation

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图 6 水槽模拟实验不同位置横剖面3期砂体叠置特征

剖面位置见图 1d。

Figure 6. Superimposed characteristics of three stages of sand bodies on cross section at different positions in flume simulation

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图 7 水槽模拟实验纵剖面3期砂体叠置特征

E-E’剖面位置见图 1d。

Figure 7. Superimposed characteristics of three stages of sand bodies on longitudinal section in flume simulation

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图 8 水槽模拟实验辫状河三角洲砂体时空叠置模式示意

Figure 8. Temporal and spatial superposition of sand bodies of braided river delta in flume simulation

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图 9 水槽模拟实验过程中基底下降的坡降特征

Figure 9. Slope characteristics of basement descent during flume simulation

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图 10 水槽模拟实验物源供给充足(a)与物源供给不足(b)河道发育特征对比

Figure 10. Simulation experiments with sufficient (a) and insufficient (b) supplies of provenance of river channel development

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图 11 流量由大变小(a-b)时辫状河三角洲沉积特征对比

Figure 11. Sedimentary characteristics of braided delta when flow changes from large to small (a-b)

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图 12 水槽模拟实验基底下降过程中溯源侵蚀现象

Figure 12. Simulation of traceable erosion during the descent of experimental basement

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图 13 水槽模拟实验辫状河三角洲砂体湖水面上升时(a)与湖水面下降时(b)沉积特征

Figure 13. Sedimentary characteristics of sand bodies of braided river delta when lake water level rises (a) and drops (b) in flume simulation

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表 1 挠曲坡折带模拟实验活动底板设计参数

Table 1. Design parameters of movable floor for flexural slope-break simulation experiment

沉积期	位置	下降时间/h	下降量/cm
沉积期	位置	下降时间/h	第一列	第二列	第三列	第四列
第三期	第四排	24	2	2	4	8
	第三排	24	2	2	4	8
	第二排	24	2	2	4	8
	第一排	24	2	2	4	8
第三期下降2次，合计下降		48	4	4	8	16
第二期	第四排	17	2	4	6	8
	第三排	17	2	4	6	8
	第二排	17	2	4	6	8
	第一排	17	2	4	6	8
第二期下降3次，合计下降		51	6	12	18	24
第一期	第四排	20	2	4	4	6
	第三排	20	2	4	4	6
	第二排	20	2	4	4	6
	第一排	20	2	4	4	6
第一期下降2次，合计下降		40	4	8	8	12
3期累计下降数值		139	14	24	34	52

下载: 导出CSV

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