四川盆地震旦—寒武系高演化烃源岩无机地球化学特征与评价

施春华; 山述娇; 郝靖; 罗冰; 曹剑

doi:10.11781/sysydz202203505

四川盆地震旦—寒武系高演化烃源岩无机地球化学特征与评价

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202203505

施春华^{1, 2, 3,},
山述娇⁴,
郝靖⁵,
罗冰⁵,
曹剑³

1.
贵州大学资源与环境工程学院, 贵阳 550025
2.
贵州大学喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室, 贵阳 550025
3.
南京大学地球科学与工程学院, 南京 210023
4.
中国石油西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院, 成都 610041
5.
中国石油西南油气田分公司重庆气矿, 重庆 401120

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金青年项目 41802145

国家自然科学基金面上项目 42172089

详细信息

作者简介:
施春华(1988-), 男, 博士, 副教授, 从事有机地球化学研究。E-mail: c.h.shi@hotmail.com

中图分类号: TE122.115
计量
- 文章访问数: 487
- HTML全文浏览量: 141
- PDF下载量: 68
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-21
- 修回日期: 2022-04-28
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-28

Inorganic geochemical characteristics and evaluation of Sinian-Cambrian post-mature source rocks in Sichuan Basin

SHI Chunhua^{1, 2, 3
,},
SHAN Shujiao⁴,
HAO Jing⁵,
LUO Bing⁵,
CAO Jian³

1.
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
3.
School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
4.
Exploration and Development Research Institute, PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
5.
Chongqing Gas Mine, PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, Chongqing 401120, China

摘要

摘要: 高演化烃源岩评价因有机质的损耗而使得传统有机地球化学参数逐渐失效，而烃源岩中的无机元素不易受成熟度的影响。为探索无机地球化学方法在高演化烃源岩评价中的应用，以四川盆地震旦—寒武系为例，基于无机(主量、微量和稀土元素)地球化学方法，从烃源岩发育的三大控制因素(古生产力、沉积环境和沉积速率)分析入手，开展了烃源岩无机地球化学研究。结果表明，综合运用Ba和Ni元素丰度确定烃源岩古生产力，Mo_EF、U_EF、Ce异常特征确定沉积水体氧化—还原条件，TiO₂/Al₂O₃比值确定沉积速率，揭示研究区烃源岩有机质富集主要受控于沉积环境与古生产力，而受沉积速率的影响相对较小；川中与威远—资阳地区下寒武统筇竹寺组烃源岩古生产力高、沉积环境最为还原，烃源岩质量最好，属于高生产力和好保存模式。无机地球化学方法是高演化烃源岩评价的一种有效途径。
- 高演化烃源岩 /
- 无机地球化学 /
- 生烃能力 /
- 烃源岩评价 /
- 震旦系 /
- 寒武系 /
- 四川盆地
Abstract: The evaluation of post-mature source rocks gradually invalidates by traditional organic geochemical parameters due to the decreasing of organic matter abundance. However, the inorganic elements in source rocks are not easily affected by thermal evolution. In order to explore the application of inorganic geochemical methods in the evaluation of post-mature source rocks, this paper takes the Sinian-Cambrian source rocks in the Sichuan Basin as an example to conduct an evaluation based on the inorganic (major, trace and rare earth elements) geochemistry method with three controlling factors of source rock development (paleoproductivity, sedimentary environment and sedimentary rate). The concentration of Ba and Ni, Mo_EF and U_EF and Ce anomaly, and TiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio could be correlated with paleoproducitvity, sedimentary environment and sedimentary rate, respectively. The results showed that the enrichment of organic matter was mainly controlled by sedimentary environment and paleoproductivity, but are barely effected by sedimentary rate. Source rocks in the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in the central Sichuan and Weiyuan-Ziyang areas have high paleoproductivity and the most reduced environment and thus are one of the best quality source rocks. Therefore, inorganic geochemistry method is an effective way to evaluate postmature source rocks.
- post-mature source rock /
- inorganic geochemistry /
- hydrocarbon generation capacity /
- source rock evaluation /
- Sinian /
- Cambrian /
- Sichuan Basin

HTML全文

图 1 四川盆地二叠系沉积前古地质图

部分修改自魏国齐等^[9]。

Figure 1. Geological map of pre-Permian sediments of Sichuan Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 四川盆地震旦—寒武系高演化烃源岩无机地球化学参数特征

a.Ba_bio和Ni_bio特征；b.U-Mo协变关系(图版据TRIBOVILLARD等^[4])；c.TiO₂/Al₂O₃比值特征

Figure 2. Inorganic geochemical parameters of Sinian-Cambrian post-mature source rocks in Sichuan Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 四川盆地震旦—寒武系不同层位烃源岩古生产力、沉积环境、沉积速率参数与TOC相关关系

Figure 3. Correlation between paleoproductivity, sedimentary environment, sedimentary rate parameters and TOC of source rocks of different formations in Sichuan Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 四川盆地震旦—寒武系5套烃源岩发育模式

沉积格架据中石油西南油气田公司资料综合编制。

Figure 4. Development models of five Sinian-Cambrian source rocks in Sichuan Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 四川盆地震旦—寒武系高演化烃源岩研究样品基本信息及元素地球化学分析结果

Table 1. Sample information and element geochemical data of Sinian-Cambrian post-mature source rocks in Sichuan Basin

层位(岩性)	地区	井号	样品号	深度/m	ω(TOC)/%	Al₂O₃/%	Ba/10^-6	Ni/10^-6	Eu/Eu^*	Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)	Ti/Zr	Ba_bio/10^-6	Ni_bio/10^-6	(P₂O₅)_bio/%	Mo_EF	U_EF	Ce/Ce^*	TiO₂/Al₂O₃
筇竹寺组(泥页岩)	川中	安平1	1	5 030.0	1.93	11.0	727	64	0.93	0.71	21	329	50	0.10	55	10.3	-	0.076
			2	5 031.1	2.24	11.1	926	76	0.90	0.70	20	524	61	0.10	37	10.5	-	0.071
			3	5 033.2	1.84	13.8	863	70	0.88	0.68	22	364	52	0.06	24	7.1	-	0.058
			4	5 035.1	1.46	14.2	799	71	0.83	0.71	20	285	52	0.04	25	6.9	-	0.057
	威远—资阳	资4	5	4 224.5	1.91	12.9	1 050	140	0.97	0.68	19	583	123	0.07	24	7.1	-	0.056
			6	4 238.1	2.36	14.4	1 140	93	0.92	0.66	19	619	74	0.06	30	7.8	-	0.055
			7	4 265.4	1.15	9.4	723	34	0.94	0.85	21	383	22	0.00	12	9.0	-	0.049
	川西南	汉深1	8	5 103.5	0.40	14.4	918	47	0.97	0.68	27	397	28	0.08	5.3	2.0	-	0.054
			9	5 106.2	0.33	14.3	937	48	0.98	0.69	27	420	29	0.06	3.8	1.8	-	0.052
			10	5 106.9	0.42	14.2	1 060	47	0.94	0.66	25	546	28	0.05	4.5	1.7	-	0.052
			11	5 109.1	0.33	13.6	1 090	46	0.96	0.72	22	598	28	0.04	4.4	1.8	-	0.051
			12	5 110.5	0.52	14.6	978	47	0.91	0.72	24	450	28	0.06	7.4	2.3	-	0.055
麦地坪组(泥质白云岩)	威远—资阳	资4	13	4 296.1	0.86	0.50	416	27.3	0.95	0.45	24	398	27	6.59	-	-	-	0.086
		资4	14	4 341.3	1.21	0.65	131	39	0.95	0.66	19	107	38	0.53	-	-	-	0.044
		资7	15	3 930.9	1.40	1.81	659	27.9	0.94	0.64	20	594	26	7.68	-	-	-	0.051
	川西南	汉深1	16	5 128.5	0.42	8.2	689	26.4	0.90	0.64	24	392	16	7.19	1.8	5.4	-	0.054
			17	5 130.2	0.40	5.4	380	25.4	0.93	0.61	24	185	18	2.66	7.7	3.8	-	0.044
			18	5 131.3	0.52	0.49	33	21.1	0.95	0.25	33	15	20	0.56	-	-	-	0.050
灯影组三段(泥岩)	川中	高科1	19	5 351.9	1.49	9.9	772	57	0.89	0.62	23	414	44	2.62	4.8	4.1	-	0.054
			20	5 353.3	0.68	12.1	762	74	0.88	0.64	23	324	58	2.35	5.8	4.0	-	0.053
			21	5 355.7	0.56	5.3	435	38	0.95	0.64	23	243	31	1.28	6.2	4.8	-	0.055
			22	5 356.2	1.40	13.1	997	56	0.86	0.66	20	523	39	2.28	3.7	3.2	-	0.051
			23	5 357.0	0.58	3.4	317	27.8	0.97	0.63	16	194	23	1.73	4.7	4.3	-	0.054
			24	5 357.6	1.37	8.7	676	42	0.93	0.64	22	361	31	1.67	4.8	3.1	-	0.057
灯影组(藻云岩)	川中	高石1	25	4 976.6	0.03	0.052	81	15.3	1.41	0.09	22	79	15	0.04	-	-	0.77	-
		高科1	26	5 150.5	0.74	0.031	128	15.9	1.11	0.11	25	127	16	0.15	-	-	0.59	-
		安平1	27	5 062.9	0.96	0.023	11.1	14.0	2.01	0.08	23	10	14	0.02	-	-	0.80	-
		盘1	28	5 620.4	1.53	0.38	163	16.1	1.22	0.46	15	149	16	0.17	-	-	0.36	-
	威远—资阳	资6	29	3 678.6	0.99	0.072	36	19.7	1.38	0.11	14	33	20	0.10	-	-	0.66	-
	威远—资阳	威113	30	3 118.9	0.36	0.054	29.5	16.9	2.05	0.17	7	28	17	0.05	-	-	0.84	-
	川西南	自深1	31	5 428.1	0.05	0.065	33	15.8	1.48	0.21	9	31	16	0.03	-	-	0.85	-
陡山沱组(泥岩)	川西南	先锋	32	露头样	1.71	13.0	1 070	47	1.02	0.62	28	600	30	0.42	4.9	2.8	-	0.058
注：有机碳含量数据引用自SHI等^[10]；“-“表示未计算该值。

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(37)

[1]	程克明, 王兆云. 高成熟和过成熟海相碳酸盐岩生烃条件评价方法研究[J]. 中国科学(D辑地球科学), 1996, 26(6): 537-543. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK199606009.htm CHENG Keming, WANG Zhaoyun. An evaluation method of hydrocarbon generating potential of highly mature and over-mature marine carbonate[J]. Science in China (Series D Earth Sciences), 1997, 40(1): 81-90. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK199606009.htm
[2]	ALGEO T J, MAYNARD J B. Trace-element behavior and redox facies in core shales of Upper Pennsylvanian Kansas-type cyclothems[J]. Chemical Geology, 2004, 206: 289-318. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.12.009
[3]	TRIBOVILLARD N, ALGEO T J, LYONS T, et al. Trace metals as paleoredox and paleoproductivity proxies: an update[J]. Chemical Geology, 2006, 232: 12-32. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.02.012
[4]	TRIBOVILLARD N, ALGEO T J, BAUDIN F, et al. Analysis of marine environmental conditions based on molybdenum-uranium covariation: applications to Mesozoic paleoceanography[J]. Chemical Geology, 2012, 324/325: 46-58. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.09.009
[5]	LEWAN M D. Factors controlling the proportionality of vanadium to nickel in crude oils[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1984, 48: 2231-2238. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(84)90219-9
[6]	PARNELL J. Metal enrichment in bitumens from Carboniferous-hosted ore deposits of the British Isles[J]. Chemical Geology, 1992, 99: 115-124. doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(92)90034-3
[7]	腾格尔, 刘文汇, 徐永昌, 等. 无机地球化学参数与有效烃源岩发育环境的相关研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2005, 20(2): 193-200. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8166.2005.02.009 TENGER, LIU Wenhui, XU Yongchang, et al. Correlative study on parameters of inorganic geochemistry and hydrocarbon source rocks formative environment[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2005, 20(2): 193-200. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8166.2005.02.009
[8]	腾格尔, 刘文汇, 徐永昌, 等. 高演化海相碳酸盐烃源岩地球化学综合判识: 以鄂尔多斯盆地为例[J]. 中国科学(D辑地球科学), 2006, 36(2): 167-176. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK200602005.htm TENGER, LIU Wenhui, XU Yongchang, et al. Comprehensive geochemical identification of highly evolved marine carbonate rocks as hydrocarbon-source rocks as exemplified by the Ordos Basin[J]. Science in China (Series D Earth Sciences), 2006, 49(4): 384-396. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK200602005.htm
[9]	魏国齐, 沈平, 杨威, 等. 四川盆地震旦系大气田形成条件与勘探远景区[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2013, 40(2): 129-138. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK201302000.htm WEI Guoqi, SHEN Ping, YANG Wei, et al. Formation conditions and exploration prospects of Sinian large gas fields, Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2013, 40(2): 139-149. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK201302000.htm
[10]	SHI Chunhua, CAO Jian, TAN Xiucheng, et al. Hydrocarbon generation capability of Sinian-Lower Cambrian shale, mudstone and carbonate rocks in the Sichuan Basin, southwestern China: implications for contributions to the giant Sinian Dengying natural gas accumulation[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2018, 102(5): 817-853. doi: 10.1306/0711171417417019
[11]	WANG Shufang, ZOU Caineng, DONG Dazhong, et al. Multiple controls on the paleoenvironment of the Early Cambrian marine black shales in the Sichuan Basin, SW China: geochemical and organic carbon isotopic evidence[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2015, 66: 660-672. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.07.009
[12]	WANG Ning, LI Meijun, TIAN Xingwang, et al. Climate-ocean control on the depositional watermass conditions and organic matter enrichment in lower Cambrian black shale in the Upper Yangtze Platform[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2020, 120: 104570. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104570
[13]	XIAO Wenyao, CAO Jian, LUO Bing, et al. Marinoan glacial aftermath in South China: paleo-environmental evolution and organic carbon accumulation in the Doushantuo shales[J]. Chemical Geo-logy, 2020, 555: 119838. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119838
[14]	GAO Ping, LI Shuangjian, LASH G G, et al. Stratigraphic framework, redox history, and organic matter accumulation of an Early Cambrian intraplatfrom basin on the Yangtze Platform, South China[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2021, 130: 105095. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2021.105095
[15]	XIAO Di, CAO Jian, LUO Bing, et al. Neoproterozoic postglacial paleoenvironment and hydrocarbon potential: a review and new insights from the Doushantuo Formation Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2021, 212: 103453. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103453
[16]	周国晓, 魏国齐, 胡国艺, 等. 四川盆地早寒武世裂陷槽西部页岩发育背景与有机质富集[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(4): 498-506. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDKX202004007.htm ZHOU Guoxiao, WEI Guoqi, HU Guoyi, et al. The development setting and the organic matter enrichment of the Lower Cambrian shales from the western rift trough in Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2020, 31(4): 498-506. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDKX202004007.htm
[17]	杨雨, 曾云贤, 刘微. 川东北部地区飞仙关组沉积相对鲕滩储层分布的控制[J]. 天然气勘探与开发, 2002, 25(3): 1-9. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-3177.2002.03.001 YANG Yu, ZENG Yunxian, LIU Wei. The control of Feixianguan Formation's sedimentary facies to oolitic beach reservoir in northeast Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Exploration and Deve-lopment, 2002, 25(3): 1-9. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-3177.2002.03.001
[18]	徐春春, 李俊良, 姚宴波, 等. 中国海相油气田勘探实例之八: 四川盆地磨溪气田嘉二气藏的勘探与发现[J]. 海相油气地质, 2006, 11(4): 54-61. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HXYQ200604007.htm XU Chunchun, LI Junliang, YAO Yanbo, et al. Cases of discovery and exploration of marine fields in China (part 8): Triassic T₃j₂ reservoir of Moxi gas field in Sichuan Basin: marine origin[J]. Petroleum Geology, 2006, 11(4): 54-61. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HXYQ200604007.htm
[19]	KATZ B J. Controlling factors on source rock development: a review of productivity, preservation, and sedimentation rate[J]. SEPM Special Publication, 2005, 82: 7-16.
[20]	TYSON R V. Sedimentation rate, dilution, preservation and total organic carbon: some results of a modelling study[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2001, 32, 333-339. doi: 10.1016/S0146-6380(00)00161-3
[21]	DICK G J, Anantharaman K, Baker B J, et al. The microbiology of deep-sea hydrothermal vent plumes: ecological and biogeographic linkages to seafloor and water column habitats[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2013, 4: 124.
[22]	HUNTSMAN-MAPILA P, Kampunzu A B, Vink B, et al. Cryptic indicators of provenance from the geochemistry of the Okavango Delta sediments, Botswana[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2005, 174: 123-148. doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2004.11.001
[23]	SCHOEPFER S D, SHEN J, WEI H, et al. Total organic carbon, organic phosphorus, and biogenic barium fluxes as proxies for paleomarine productivity[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2015, 149: 23-52.
[24]	PIPER D Z, PERKINS R B. A modern vs. Permian black shale: the hydrography, primary productivity, and water-column chemistry of deposition[J]. Chemical Geology, 2004, 206: 177-197.
[25]	马叶情. 峨嵋高桥麦地坪组磷元素富集与小壳生物演化关系[D]. 成都: 成都理工大学, 2008. MA Yeqing. Relationships between concentration of phosphorus and evolutionary of small shelly faunas from the Cabrian Maidiping Formation in Emei, Sichuan Province[D]. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology, 2008.
[26]	SHI Chunhua, CAO Jian, LUO Bing, et al. Major elements trace hydrocarbon sources in over-mature petroleum systems: insights from the Sinian Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Precambrian Research, 2020, 343, 105726.
[27]	ALGEO T J, TRIBOVILLARD N. Environmental analysis of paleoceanographic systems based on molybdenum-uranium covariation[J]. Chemical Geology, 2009, 268: 211-225
[28]	WEBB G E, KAMBER B S. Rare earth elements in Holocene reefal microbialites: a new shallow seawater proxy[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2000, 64: 1557-1565.
[29]	TOSTEVIN R, SHIELDS G A, TARBUCK G M, et al. Effective use of cerium anomalies as a redox proxy in carbonate-dominated marine settings[J]. Chemical Geology, 2016, 438: 146-162.
[30]	TANAKA K, TANI Y, TAKAHASHI Y, et al. A specific Ce oxidation process during sorption of rare earth elements on biogenic Mn oxide produced by Acremonium sp. strain KR21-2[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2010, 74: 5463-5477.
[31]	MURPHY A E, SAGEMAN B B, HOLLANDER D J, et al. Black shale deposition and faunal overturn in the Devonian Appalachian Basin: clastic starvation, seasonal water-column mixing, and efficient biolimiting nutrient recycling[J]. Paleoceanography, 2000, 15: 280-291.
[32]	RIMMER S M, THOMPSON J A, GOODNIGHT S A. Multiple controls on the preservation of organic matter in Devonian-Mississippian marine black shales: geochemical and petrographic evidence[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2004, 215: 125-154.
[33]	刘建良, 刘可禹碳酸盐岩地层完整性分析及其影响因素定量评价: 来自地层正演模拟的启示[J]. 中国科学(地球科学), 2021, 51(1): 150-158. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK202101012.htm LIU Jianliang, LIU Keyu. Estimating stratal completeness of carbonate deposition via process-based stratigraphic forward modeling[J]. Science China (Earth Sciences), 2021, 64: 253-259. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK202101012.htm
[34]	陆扬博. 上扬子五峰组和龙马溪组富有机质页岩岩相定量表征及沉积过程恢复[D]. 武汉: 中国地质大学, 2020. LU Yangbo. Quantitative characterization of lithofacies and reconstruction of the sedimentary process for Upper Yangtze Wufeng and Longmaxi organic-rich shales[D]. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences, 2020.
[35]	汪泽成, 刘静江, 姜华, 等. 中-上扬子地区震旦纪陡山沱组沉积期岩相古地理及勘探意义[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2019, 46(1): 39-51. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK201901004.htm WANG Zecheng, LIU Jingjiang, JIANG Hua, et al. Lithofacies paleogeography and exploration significance of Sinian Doushantuo depositional stage in the Middle-Upper Yangtze region, Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2019, 46(1): 41-53. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK201901004.htm
[36]	文龙, 罗冰, 钟原, 等. 四川盆地灯影期沉积特征及槽-台体系成因模式[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 48(5): 513-524. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG202105001.htm WEN Long, LUO Bing, ZHONG Yuan, et al. Sedimentary characte-ristics and genetic model of trough-platform system during the Dengying period in Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science&Technology Edition), 2021, 48(5): 513-524. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG202105001.htm
[37]	许海龙, 魏国齐, 贾承造, 等. 乐山-龙女寺古隆起构造演化及对震旦系成藏的控制[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2012, 39(4): 406-416. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK201204004.htm XU Hailong, WEI Guoqi, JIA Chengzao, et al. Tectonic evolution of the Leshan-Longnüsi paleo-uplift and its control on gas accumulation in the Sinian strata[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2012, 39(4): 436-446. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK201204004.htm