Geophysical identification of river-tide controlled deltaic sedimentation and its implication for petroleum geology: a case study of Pingbei area, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
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摘要: 沉积环境研究是石油勘探和油气田开发的基础，前人利用岩心、测井、地震资料进行单一沉积相类型的特征、判别研究，而对于河—潮联控区域，河流作用与潮汐作用主体不明确的情况下，判别、区分河控—潮控三角洲的研究相对较少。基于潮汐与河流水体摆动频次的差异，结合自然伽马曲线与泥质含量的关系和河控—潮控三角洲前缘砂体形态、规模差异及水动力强弱对地震相的影响，提出了利用自然伽马测井曲线差值法(ΔGR)和地震相波长/波高比值法的地球物理方法，来综合判别、区分河控—潮控三角洲沉积体系，并以东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷平北地区平湖组沉积体系为例，指明该方法可有效判别河控—潮控三角洲沉积体系。针对该区水下低隆—宝云亭低凸起侧缘，可有效拾取相关参数，判识河控—潮控三角洲体系，落实沟道充填的潮道发育带及潜力目标，明确河控—潮控体系判别对岩性圈闭及有利油藏单元预测的指示意义。Abstract: Understanding of sedimentary environment is the basis of oil exploration and development. Previous research on the characteristics and distinguishing of single sedimentary system by using logging curves and seismic data was mostly carried out on the determined sedimentary system. However, for the river-tide controlled cases, when the main bodies of fluvial and tidal actions are unclear, sedimentary systems are rarely studied. Based on the difference of the oscillation frequency of tide and river water bodies, combined with the correlation between the logging curves of gamma ray and the mud content as well as the influence on seismic facies by hydrodynamic strength and the difference of the size and scale of river-tide controlled delta, a geophysical method on the basis of natural gamma log difference (ΔGR) and seismic facies wave length/height ratio is proposed to distinguish river-tide controlled delta sedimentary systems. A case study was carried out with the sedimentary system of the Pinghu Formation in Pingbei area of the Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin, and it was concluded that this method can effectively distinguish river-tide controlled delta system. At the side edge of the underwater low uplift, Baoyunting low uplift, relevant parameters have been effectively picked up to distinguish the river-tide controlled delta system, and to identify the tidal channel development zone and potential targets for channel filling. It is clear that the identification of river-tide controlled system has an indicative significance for the prediction of lithologic traps and favorable reservoir units.
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图 3 典型孤立地震相波长/波高值获取
Figure 3. Acquisition of typical isolated wave length/height value of seismic facies
图 4 东海陆架盆地区域构造特征(a)、西湖凹陷平北地区断裂与井位分布(b)及新生代地层综合柱状图(c)
据文献[27] 修改。
Figure 4. Features of regional tectonics of East China Sea Shelf Basin (a), fracture and well location in Pingbei area of Xihu Sag (b), and comprehensive histogram of Cenozoic strata (c)
图 5 东海西湖凹陷平北地区取心层段河控—潮控三角洲沉积体系齿化程度连井对比
井位见图 4。
Figure 5. Correlation diagram of dentation degree of river-tide controlled delta system in coring section of Pingbei area, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
图 6 东海西湖凹陷平北地区取心段河控—潮控三角洲沉积体系齿化程度判别指标
井位见图 4。
Figure 6. Identification index of dentation degree of river-tide controlled delta system in coring section of Pingbei area, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
图 7 东海西湖凹陷平北地区河控—潮控沉积体系标志地震相
Figure 7. Seismic facies of river-tide controlled system in Pingbei area, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
图 8 东海西湖凹陷平北地区第二坡折带孤立沉积体地震形态
Figure 8. Seismic morphology of isolated sediments in second slope fracture zone of Pingbei area, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
图 9 东海西湖凹陷平北地区第一、二坡折带潮控—河控三角洲沉积体系波长/波高参数拾取
Figure 9. Wave length/height parameters of tide-river controlled delta system in the first and second slope break zones in Pingbei area, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
表 1 东海西湖凹陷平北地区取心井不同层段内的△GR最大值范围
Table 1. Maximum range of △GR in different intervals of each coring well in Pingbei area, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
层序 取心井各层段△GR最大值范围/API A-1井 B-1井 B-2井 B-3井 C-1井 C-2井 SQ3 10~15 5~10 15~20 5~10 5~10 5~10 SQ2 15~20 10~15 15~25 10~15 5~10 10~15 SQ1 15~20 20~30 10~15 10~15 10~15 
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表 2 东海西湖凹陷平北地区各井不同层段内的△GR最大值范围
Table 2. Maximum range of △GR in different intervals of each well in Pingbei area, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
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