Distribution of sedimentary system multi-controlled by palaeo-geomorphology, water system and break during the deposition of Pinghu Formation, Baochu slope belt, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
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摘要: 西湖凹陷是我国东海陆架盆地油气勘探的主战场，同时也具有巨大的勘探潜力。已有很多研究认为西湖凹陷始新统平湖组是潮坪沉积为主的海—陆过渡体系，其物源主要来自西部和北部凸起区。然而关于砂体从物源区到汇聚区的“源—渠—汇”过程目前研究较为缺乏，并且对“源—渠—汇”体系发育的制约因素探讨不够深入。该文以西湖凹陷保俶斜坡带平湖组为主要研究对象，利用钻井、地震等资料开展高精度古地貌恢复，并在古地貌基础上对古水系、古坡折进行定性与定量分析。研究表明，古地貌控制了沉积汇聚区的位置，古水系约束了输砂通道的分布，古坡折控制了沉积相带的空间配置；“古地貌—古水系—古坡折”3个因素联合约束了砂体从物源区通过河流输运在汇聚区沉积的全过程，进而控制着整个保俶斜坡带沉积体系的展布。Abstract: The Xihu Sag has huge exploration potential and is the main target for oil and gas exploration in the East China Sea Shelf Basin. At present, it has been known that the Xihu Sag has a transitional facies with sedimentary system mainly composed of tidal flat deposits, and the provenance of which is dominated by western and northern uplift area. However, the transport process of sands from source area to deposit area, namely "source-channel-sink" system, has not been well studied. In this study, we take the Pinghu Formation of Baochu slope belt in the Xihu Sag as research object, and use borehole and seismic data to preform high-precision restoration of palaeo-geomorphology. Moreover, on the basis of palaeo-geomorphology restoration, we make qualitative and quantitative analyses of palaeo-water-system and palaeo-break. Results show that the location of sink zone is controlled by palaeo-geomorphology, the distribution of sand transporting channel is controlled by palaeo-water-system, and the development of sedimentary facies is controlled by palaeo-break. Through comprehensive analysis, we suppose that the combination of "palaeo-geomorphology, palaeo-water-system and palaeo-break" restricts the process of sand body deposition from provenance to convergence area through river transportation, and controls the distribution of the sedimentary system of Baochu slope belt.
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Key words:
- palaeo-geomorphology /
- source-channel-sink /
- sedimentary system /
- Pinghu Formation /
- Eocene /
- Xihu Sag /
- East China Sea Shelf Basin
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图 1 东海西湖凹陷保俶斜坡带位置及构造演化阶段
Figure 1. Location and tectonic evolution of Baochu slope belt, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
图 2 东海西湖凹陷保俶斜坡带宝石组底界沉积时期古地貌与古水系分布示意
不同颜色示意地形高低。
Figure 2. Palaeo-geomorphology and palaeo-water-system distribution when the bottom of Baoshi Formation deposited, Baochu slope belt, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
图 3 东海西湖凹陷保俶斜坡带平湖组下段底界沉积时期古地貌与古水系分布示意
不同颜色示意地形高低。
Figure 3. Palaeo-geomorphology and palaeo-water-system distribution when the bottom of the lower section of Pinghu Formation deposited, Baochu slope belt, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
图 4 东海西湖凹陷保俶斜坡带平湖组中段底界沉积时期古地貌与古水系分布示意
不同颜色示意地形高低。
Figure 4. Palaeo-geomorphology and palaeo-water-system distribution when the bottom of the middle section of Pinghu Formation deposited, Baochu slope belt, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
图 5 东海西湖凹陷垒堑型地貌对沉积体系的控制示意
Figure 5. Horst graben landform controls on depositional system, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
图 6 东海西湖凹陷保俶斜坡带木广迎构造带宝石组—平湖组古地貌坡折类型划分
Figure 6. Classification of palaeo-geomorphic slope break types of Baoshi-Pinghu formations, Muguangying area, Baochu slope belt, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
图 7 东海西湖凹陷保俶斜坡带平湖构造带宝石组—平湖组古地貌坡折类型划分
Figure 7. Classification of palaeo-geomorphic slope break types of Baoshi-Pinghu formations, Pinghu area, Baochu slope belt, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
图 8 东海西湖凹陷保俶斜坡带初阳构造带宝石组—平湖组古地貌坡折类型划分
Figure 8. Classification of palaeo-geomorphic slope break types of Baoshi-Pinghu formations, Chuyang area, Baochu slope belt, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
图 11 东海西湖凹陷保俶斜坡带平湖组下段沉积体系演化过程
Figure 11. Evolution process of sedimentary system in lower part of Pinghu Formation, Baochu slope belt, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
表 1 东海西湖凹陷保俶斜坡带宝石组底界沉积时期地貌坡折定量数据
Table 1. Quantitative data of geomorphic slope break when the bottom of Baoshi Formation deposited, Baochu slope belt, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
T40界面坡折参数 木广迎构造带 平湖构造带 初阳构造带 多断型坡折 垒堑型坡折 转换带型坡折 单断型坡折 多断型坡折 单断型坡折 坡折位置 高位 低位 高位 低位 高位 低位 高位 低位 高位 低位 高位 低位 平均坡角/(°) 7.0 16.7 4.0 15.6 8.9 25.3 25.8 8.7 19.5 3.1 26.9 坡长区间 高位—低位 低位—盆底 高位—低位 低位—盆底 高位—低位 低位—盆底 高位—低位 低位—盆底 高位—低位 低位—盆底 高位—低位 低位—盆底 坡长/km 19.4 19.5 19.1 10.2 10.7 26.3 2.1 9.5 17.5 2.3 2.0 总坡长/km 38.9 29.3 37.0 2.1 27.0 4.3 注：高位—低位表示高位坡折点到低位坡折点；低位—盆底表示低位坡折点到盆地底部。下面表格相同。 
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表 2 东海西湖凹陷保俶斜坡带平湖组下段底界沉积时期地貌坡折定量数据
Table 2. Quantitative data of geomorphic slope break when the bottom of the lower section of Pinghu Formation deposited, Baochu slope belt, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
T34界面坡折参数 木广迎构造带 平湖构造带 初阳构造带 多断型坡折 垒堑型坡折 转换带型坡折 单断型坡折 多断型坡折 单断型坡折 坡折位置 高位 低位 高位 低位 高位 低位 高位 低位 高位 低位 高位 低位 平均坡角/(°) 0.8 0.2 7.9 7.5 10.3 0.4 10.8 0.3 10.3 3.3 11.0 坡长区间 高位—低位 低位—盆底 高位—低位 低位—盆底 高位—低位 低位—盆底 高位—低位 低位—盆底 高位—低位 低位—盆底 高位—低位 低位—盆底 坡长/km 22.2 19.4 4.5 9.3 14.3 0.5 9.0 8.3 14.3 7.9 2.5 总坡长/km 23.9 23.6 9.5 22.6 10.4
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表 3 东海西湖凹陷保俶斜坡带平湖组中段底界沉积时期地貌坡折定量数据
Table 3. Quantitative data of geomorphic slope break when the bottom of the middle section of Pinghu Formation deposited, Baochu slope belt, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
T32界面坡折参数 木广迎构造带 平湖构造带 初阳构造带 多斜坡型坡折 缓坡型坡折 挠曲—陡坡型坡折 多斜坡型坡折 挠曲—陡坡型坡折 坡折位置 高位 低位 高位 低位 高位 低位 高位 低位 高位 低位 平均坡角/(°) 1.9 3.6 3.2 4.8 7.3 1.5 4.8 1.6 10.6 坡长区间 高位—低位 低位—盆底 高位—低位 低位—盆底 高位—低位 低位—盆底 高位—低位 低位—盆底 坡长/km 8.6 7.0 32.0 4.0 7.8 7.8 14.3 11.8 10.9 总坡长/km 15.6 32.0 11.8 22.1 22.7
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