四川盆地川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组烃源岩分子地球化学特征

吴小奇; 周小进; 陈迎宾; 王萍; 王彦青; 杨俊; 曾华盛

doi:10.11781/sysydz202205854

四川盆地川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组烃源岩分子地球化学特征

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202205854

吴小奇^{1, 2,},
周小进^{1, 2},
陈迎宾^{1, 2},
王萍^{1, 2},
王彦青^{2, 3},
杨俊^{2, 3},
曾华盛^{1, 2}

1.
页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室, 江苏无锡 214126
2.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏无锡 214126
3.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院四川地区勘探开发研究中心, 成都 610041

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 42172149

国家自然科学基金项目 41872122

详细信息

作者简介:
吴小奇(1982-), 男, 博士, 高级工程师, 从事油气地质与地球化学研究。E-mail: xqwu@163.com

中图分类号: TE122.113
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-14
- 修回日期: 2022-08-09
- 刊出日期: 2022-09-28

Molecular characteristics of source rocks in Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation, Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin

WU Xiaoqi^{1, 2
,},
ZHOU Xiaojin^{1, 2},
CHEN Yingbin^{1, 2},
WANG Ping^{1, 2},
WANG Yanqing^{2, 3},
YANG Jun^{2, 3},
ZENG Huasheng^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
2.
Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
3.
Research Center of Exploration and Development in Sichuan Basin, Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China

摘要

摘要: 上三叠统须家河组是川西坳陷最重要的陆相烃源层系，目前对其烃源岩分子地球化学特征的研究和认识较为薄弱。通过对川西坳陷须家河组不同层段烃源岩饱和烃和芳烃化合物组成的分析，揭示了分子地球化学特征对烃源岩沉积环境和热演化特征的指示意义。须家河组二段至四段泥质烃源岩三环萜烷分布和二苯并噻吩/菲比值主体表现出湖相烃源岩的特征，相对较高的伽马蜡烷/C₃₀藿烷比值(0.16~0.23)和9-/1-甲基菲比值(1.16~1.41)表明水体盐度相对较高。甲基菲指数(MPI₁)、甲基菲分布分数(F₁)、甲基二苯并噻吩分布指数(MDBI)等参数是有效的成熟度标尺，其在R_o=1.35%前后分别与成熟度表现出线性正相关和负相关。高—过成熟阶段须家河组烃源岩的C₂₇—C₂₉规则甾烷分布模式、“三芴”系列相对组成和甲基二苯并噻吩/甲基二苯并呋喃比值受成熟度影响较大而失真。
- 分子地球化学 /
- 生物标志物 /
- 成熟度 /
- 沉积环境 /
- 须家河组 /
- 上三叠统 /
- 川西坳陷 /
- 四川盆地
Abstract: The Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation (T₃x) is the most important terrigenous stratum in the Western Sichuan Depression; however, it is still insufficient for the understanding of molecular compositional characteristics of its source rocks. Based on the analysis of both saturated and aromatic fractions of extracts of source rocks from different members of the Xujiahe Formation, the indication is then discussed for sedimentary environment and thermal evolution of source rocks. The distribution of tricyclic terpanes (TTs) and dibenzothiophene/phenanthrene (DBT/P) ratio of the argillaceous source rocks in 2nd to 4th members of the Xujiahe Formation mainly display the signatures of typical lacustrine source rocks, and the relatively high gammacerane/C₃₀ hopane (0.16-0.23), as well as 9-/1-methylphenanthrene (1.16-1.41) ratios suggest relatively high salinity of water body. The parameters such as methylphenanthrene index (MPI₁), methylphenanthrene distribution fraction (F₁), and methyldibenzothiophene distribution index (MDBI) are effective for the evaluation of thermal maturity, and they show positively and negatively linear correlation with maturity degree before and after R_o=1.35%. The distribution pattern of C₂₇-C₂₉ regular steranes, relative composition of three fluorine series, and methyldibenzothiophene/methyldibenzofuran ratios for high to over-maturity T₃x source rocks are distorted due to the effect of thermal maturation.
- molecular geochemistry /
- biomarker /
- maturity /
- sedimentary environment /
- Xujiahe Formation /
- Upper Triassic /
- Western Sichuan Depression /
- Sichuan Basin

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图 1 四川盆地川西坳陷中部构造单元和井位分布(a)与地层柱状图(b)

Figure 1. Distribution of tectonic units and wells (a) as well as stratigraphic column (b) in central part of Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin

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图 2 四川盆地川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组烃源岩饱和烃气相色谱图

Figure 2. Gas chromatograph of saturated hydrocarbons in T₃x source rocks from Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin

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图 3 四川盆地川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组烃源岩Pr/nC₁₇和Ph/nC₁₈相关图

T₃x⁵据参考文献[20]，下同。

Figure 3. Diagram of Pr/nC₁₇ vs. Ph/nC₁₈ for T₃x source rocks in Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin

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图 4 四川盆地川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组烃源岩Pr/nC₁₇、Ph/nC₁₈和Pr/Ph三角图

底图据参考文献[23]。

Figure 4. Ternary diagram among Pr/nC₁₇, Ph/nC₁₈ and Pr/Ph for T₃x source rocks in Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin

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图 5 四川盆地川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组烃源岩甾烷(m/z 217)和萜烷(m/z 191)质量色谱图

Figure 5. Mass chromatograms of sterane (m/z 217) and terpane (m/z 191) for T₃x source rocks in Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin

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图 6 四川盆地川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组烃源岩R_o和C₂₉/C₂₇规则甾烷比值相关图

Figure 6. Diagram of R_o vs. C₂₉/C₂₇ regular sterane ratio for T₃x source rocks in Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin

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图 7 四川盆地川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组烃源岩芳烃总离子流(TIC)与甲基菲(m/z 192)质量色谱图

Figure 7. Total ion current (TIC) of aromatic hydrocarbons and mass chromatograms of methylphenanthrene in T₃x source rocks in Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin

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图 8 四川盆地川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组烃源岩R_o与9-MP/1-MP相关图

Figure 8. Diagrams of R_o vs. 9-MP/1-MP for T₃x source rocks in Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin

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图 9 四川盆地川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组烃源岩R_o和MPI₁(a)及F₁(b)相关图

Figure 9. Diagrams of R_o vs. MPI₁ (a) and F₁ (b) for T₃x source rocks in Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin

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图 10 四川盆地川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组烃源岩“三芴”系列三角图

底图据参考文献[32]。

Figure 10. Ternary diagram of three-fluorene series for T₃x source rocks in Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin

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图 11 四川盆地川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组烃源岩R_o与OF/SF(a)和F/SF(b)比值相关图

Figure 11. Diagrams of R_o vs. OF/SF (a) and F/SF (b) for T₃x source rocks in Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin

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图 12 四川盆地川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组烃源岩DBT/Phen与Pr/Ph(a)和MDBTs/MDBFs与Pr/Ph(b)相关图

底图分别据参考文献[35]和[33]。

Figure 12. Diagrams of DBT/Phen vs. Pr/Ph (a) and MDBTs/MDBFs vs. Pr/Ph (b) for T₃x source rocks in Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin

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图 13 四川盆地川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组烃源岩R_o与MDBTs/MDBFs(a)和4-/1-MDBT(b)相关图

Figure 13. Diagrams of R_o vs. MDBTs/MDBFs (a) and 4-/1-MDBT (b) for T₃x source rocks in Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin

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图 14 四川盆地川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组烃源岩R_o与MDBI(a)及3-/1-MCH(b)相关图

Figure 14. Diagrams of R_o vs. MDBI (a) and 3-/1-MCH (b) for T₃x source rocks in Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin

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表 1 四川盆地川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组泥岩热解参数

Table 1. Rock-Eval parameters of T₃x mudstones from Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin

构造单元	井号	深度/m	层位	S₁/(mg·g^-1)	S₂/(mg·g^-1)	S₃/(mg·g^-1)	T_max/℃	ω(TOC)/%	I_H/(mg·g^-1)	I_O/(mg·g^-1)
新场构造带	X856	3 454.81	T₃x⁴	0.12	0.50	0.15	492	1.06	47	14
	X856	3 460.66	T₃x⁴	0.11	0.92	0.10	484	1.66	55	6
	X856	4 722.13	T₃x²	0.06	1.78	0.26	540	8.13	22	3
成都凹陷	MS1	4 584.62	T₃x⁴	0.05	0.37	0.26	511	1.15	32	23
	MS1	4 706.00	T₃x³	0.04	0.64	0.25	514	1.96	33	13
	MS1	4 745.00	T₃x³	0.04	0.61	0.28	517	2.00	30	14
中江—回龙构造带	HL1	4 172.00	T₃x²	0.12	0.76	0.32	490	1.61	47	20
大邑—安县构造带	DY1	3 882.87	T₃x⁴	0.25	2.70	0.10	482	3.88	70	3
梓潼凹陷	MY2	3 530.00	T₃x⁴	0.01	0.13	0.94	492	0.53	25	177
梓潼凹陷	MY2	3 801.90	T₃x⁴	0.86	18.39	0.20	484	20.53	90	1

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表 2 四川盆地川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组泥岩饱和烃地球化学参数

Table 2. Geochemical parameters of saturated hydrocarbons in T₃x mudstones from Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin

构造单元	井号	深度/m	层位	ω(TOC)/%	R_o/%	OEP	CPI	Pr/nC₁₇	Ph/nC₁₈	Pr/Ph	C₂₉ααα20S/(20S+20R)	C₂₉αββ/(αββ+ααα)	C₂₄TeT/C₂₆TT	Ts/Tm	伽马蜡烷/αβC₃₀藿烷	αααC₂₇/%	αααC₂₈/%	αααC₂₉/%	C₂₉/C₂₇
新场构造带	CF563	3 509.7	T₃x⁴	1.18	1.09	0.54	1.29	0.68	1.06	0.73	0.52	0.41	0.44	0.81	0.19	31.5	36.3	32.2	1.02
	CF563	3 894.1	T₃x⁴	2.97	1.35	0.89	1.21	0.47	0.77	0.74	0.47	0.38	0.51	0.86	0.20	36.6	30.2	33.2	0.91
	FG21	3 730	T₃x⁴	0.79	1.37	0.92	1.39	0.71	1.20	0.47	0.52	0.43	0.44	0.43	0.23	24.7	40.7	34.7	1.40
	CH100	4 096	T₃x⁴	0.71	1.66	0.42	0.84	0.79	1.38	0.55	0.53	0.45	0.46	0.84	0.18	31.0	36.0	33.0	1.06
	X5	3 736	T₃x⁴	0.74	1.38	0.94	1.08	0.89	1.42	0.59	0.48	0.41	0.48	0.75	0.20	30.9	34.3	34.8	1.13
	XC26	3 666	T₃x⁴	1.65	1.32	0.72	0.84	0.50	0.85	0.80	0.51	0.41	0.46	0.74	0.21	30.1	36.4	33.6	1.12
成都凹陷	MS1	4 312.75	T₃x⁴	2.46	1.48	0.92	1.00	0.77	1.25	0.52	0.48	0.43	0.50	0.90	0.16	31.2	34.4	34.4	1.10
	MS1	5 120	T₃x³	2.28	2.25	1.04	1.24	0.52	0.79	0.41	0.51	0.41	0.46	0.93	0.19	34.4	33.4	32.2	0.94
	GH2	3 924	T₃x⁴	1.37	1.59	0.76	1.07	0.66	1.19	0.61	0.47	0.38	0.50	0.95	0.16	38.6	30.0	31.4	0.81
梓潼凹陷	MY2	3 802	T₃x⁴	2.11	1.52	0.68	1.54	0.84	1.79	0.62	0.48	0.40	0.48	0.93	0.17	39.0	30.4	30.6	0.78
	MY2	3 919	T₃x⁴	1.94	1.55	0.90	1.47	0.61	1.29	0.44	0.51	0.41	0.49	0.93	0.19	34.9	32.5	32.6	0.93
	MY2	3 528	T₃x⁴	0.64	1.50	1.21	1.32	0.75	1.40	0.37	0.47	0.39	0.47	0.91	0.18	36.7	30.8	32.4	0.88
	TS1	4 715	T₃x³	1.74	2.26	1.08		0.68	0.90	0.81	0.54	0.42	0.57	0.96	0.17	33.0	33.3	33.7	1.02
	TS1	5 387	T₃x²	0.60	2.57	0.98	1.49	0.66	0.88	0.71	0.53	0.38	0.55	0.87	0.19	35.6	31.7	32.7	0.92

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表 3 四川盆地川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组泥岩芳烃分子地球化学特征

Table 3. Molecular geochemical characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbons in T₃x mudstones from Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin

构造单元	井号	深度/m	层位	MPI₁	F₁	DBT/Phen	MDBTs/MDBFs	F/%	OF/%	SF/%	F/SF	OF/SF	4-MDBT/1-MDBT	MDBI	3-MCH/1-MCH	9-MP/1-MP
新场构造带	CF563	3 509.7	T₃x⁴	1.436	0.787	0.10	4.66	58.5	6.8	34.7	1.68	0.20	30.39	0.42	6.67	1.41
	CF563	3 894.1	T₃x⁴	1.611	0.857	0.08	10.81	39.0	6.5	54.6	0.71	0.12	52.04	0.44	9.31	1.21
	FG21	3 730	T₃x⁴	1.470	0.797	0.10	10.52	42.8	5.9	51.3	0.84	0.12	19.45	0.44	7.58	1.28
	CH100	4 096	T₃x⁴	1.196	0.789	0.13	16.94	22.5	4.4	73.1	0.31	0.06	22.80	0.40	8.21	1.30
	X5	3 736	T₃x⁴	1.477	0.788	0.10	8.35	46.8	6.0	47.2	0.99	0.13	27.05	0.44	8.30	1.40
成都凹陷	MS1	4 312.75	T₃x⁴	1.438	0.810	0.10	15.95	31.5	4.5	64.0	0.49	0.07	32.51	0.43	8.02	1.32
成都凹陷	MS1	5 120	T₃x³	1.070	0.784	0.21	39.11	18.5	1.8	79.7	0.23	0.02	21.84	0.36	6.23	1.26
梓潼凹陷	MY2	3 802	T₃x⁴	1.459	0.791	0.09	6.13	59.1	5.0	35.9	1.65	0.14	35.96	0.42	6.94	1.35
梓潼凹陷	TS1	4 715	T₃x³	0.453	0.721	0.07	2.53	43.7	18.5	37.8	1.16	0.49	13.50	0.27	4.98	1.16
注：MPI₁＝1.5(2-MP+3-MP)/(P+1-MP+9-MP)；F₁＝(2-MP+3-MP)/(1-MP+2-MP+3-MP+9-MP); MDBI=4-MDBT/(DBT+1-MDBT+2-MDBT+3-MDBT+4-MDBT)。

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