NMR technology in reservoir evaluation for shale oil and gas
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摘要: 自非常规油气业务开展以来,核磁共振技术因其无损、灵敏、快速等优点,已发展为页岩油气储层评价的重要技术方法之一。该文从核磁共振技术的实验原理出发,着重综述了目前核磁共振技术在全尺度一体化表征页岩孔缝分布、孔隙度、孔隙润湿性、流体可动性及流体分类等页岩油气储层研究难点方面的应用。除此之外,在描述水的迁移、甲烷吸附和解吸以及二氧化碳置换等流体行为,获取有机质信息、油页岩界面面积,判断有机孔、无机孔,分析孔隙连通性,获取高黏性沥青和干酪根有关信息等方面的应用也做了简单介绍。最后分析了核磁共振分析技术目前存在的不足以及在页岩储层评价中的发展趋势。Abstract: Since the development of unconventional oil and gas business, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technology has been gradually applied in the evaluation for unconventional reservoirs due to the merits such as nondestructive, sensitive and fast, this technology has become one of the important methods in shale oil and gas reservoir evaluation. Therefore, based on the experimental principle of NMR technology, this paper focuses on the applications of NMR technology in the full-scale integrated characterization of pore and fracture distribution, characterization of shale porosity, pore wettability, fluid mobility and fluid classification, etc. In addition, the applications of NMR in describing water migration, methane adsorption and desorption, carbon dioxide displacement and other fluid behaviors, obtaining organic matter information, oil shale interface area, determining organic pores and inorganic pores, analyzing pore connectivity, and obtaining information about high-viscosity asphalt and kerogen are also briefly reviewed. Finally, the shortcomings of NMR and the development trend of NMR in shale reservoir evaluation are analyzed.
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图 2 页岩在核磁共振下的T2谱图特征[31]
富有机质页岩样品,包括无平面缝和有平面缝(缝宽分布为1.5,4.5,7.5 μm);红色箭头表示随裂缝宽度减小,T2峰谱图左移,黑色箭头表示裂缝与孔隙存在扩散耦合作用
Figure 2. Characteristics of T2 spectra of shale under NMR
图 3 水测孔隙度与核磁孔隙度关系[38]
Figure 3. Relationship between conventional and NMR porosity
图 4 不同磁场下不同回波间隔条件下的孔隙度大小及对比[40]
Figure 4. Porosity size and comparison under different magnetic fields and different echo intervals
图 5 岩样离心前后T2谱比较[41]
Figure 5. T2 spectrum comparison of rock samples before and after centrifugation
图 6 在500 psi压力下注入盐水和柴油10 min后页岩岩心的核磁共振液体积随T2的变化[46]
Figure 6. Incremental NMR fluid volume as a function of T2 for shale core before and after brine and diesel injection at 500 psi for 10 min
图 7 孔隙介质中不同流体组分的二维核磁共振信息分布[52]
Figure 7. Two-dimensional NMR information distribution of different fluid components in porous media
表 1 核磁共振与其他实验孔隙度评估结果对比
Table 1. Comparison of NMR and other experimental porosity evaluation results
文献来源 样品 总孔隙度/% 相对误差/% ΦN2 ΦMIP ΦHe ΦNMR R1 R2 R3 HINAI等[34] C1 2.78 3.78 11.4 75.6 66.8 C2 4.15 3.05 10.8 61.6 71.8 C3 1.93 3.17 6.7 71.2 52.7 C5 2.92 3.03 14.2 79.4 78.6 C7 3.11 3.54 11.6 73.2 69.5 C8 3.22 3.56 14.0 77.0 74.5 XU等[35] NM-1 38.60 40.59 4.9 NM-3 39.73 42.21 5.8 NM-4 42.78 46.98 8.9 NM-6 35.73 37.24 4.0 ZHANG等[36] L76-2 7.21 7.08 1.8 F41-2 6.37 5.92 7.6 L76-1 5.41 5.44 0.5 Y556-3 1.60 1.44 11.1 Y556-2 8.74 9.99 12.5 注: ФN2、ФMIP、ФHe、ФNMR分别为氮气吸附法、MIP法、氦气法、NMR法的总孔隙度;R1=(ФNMR -ФN2) /ФNMR×100;R2 =(ФNMR -ФMIP) /ФNMR×100;R3=(ФNMR -ФHe)/ФNMR×100。 -
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