塔里木盆地塔河油田西部斜坡区中下奥陶统古岩溶洞穴发育特征

张长建; 吕艳萍; 张振哲

doi:10.11781/sysydz2022061008

塔里木盆地塔河油田西部斜坡区中下奥陶统古岩溶洞穴发育特征

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2022061008

中国石化西北油田分公司勘探开发研究院，乌鲁木齐 830011

基金项目:

中国石化重大科技项目 KY2018-S-094

详细信息

作者简介:
张长建(1983—)，男，硕士，副研究员，从事油气地质研究。E-mail: frank_geoscience@qq.com

通讯作者:
张振哲(1982—)，男，本科，副研究员，从事油气开发研究。E-mail: 20863673@qq.com

中图分类号: TE122.3
计量
- 文章访问数: 438
- HTML全文浏览量: 177
- PDF下载量: 56
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-04
- 修回日期: 2022-09-06
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-28

Features of Middle-Lower Ordovician paleo-karst caves in western slope area, Tahe Oil Field, Tarim Basin

Research Institute of Exploration and Production, SINOPEC Northwest Oilfield Branch Company, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究塔里木盆地塔河油田西部斜坡深切曲流峡谷区中下奥陶统的古岩溶发育条件和洞穴发育特征，基于地震及钻井资料，利用层拉平法、构造趋势面、振幅异常等方法，还原了古水文地貌条件和古岩溶水系统，划分了深切曲流峡谷区岩溶洞穴类型，构建了深切曲流峡谷背景下岩溶洞穴的发育模式。结果表明：(1)研究区发育海西早期古岩溶作用，古地貌总体东高西低，岩溶地貌单元以峡谷、溶丘和洼地为主，地表主干水系深切曲流为研究区最低的岩溶水排泄基准，地下、地表分支水系由南北平台区向中心主干汇流；(2)深切曲流峡谷区地下河洞穴识别了暗河型、伏流型、穿洞型、顺河潜流型、渗流入流型等5种类型，主要分布在不整合面以下0~90 m，穿洞型、顺河潜流型溶洞易被泥质充填；(3)深切曲流峡谷、岩溶残丘和断裂联合控制了古岩溶洞穴的发育，形成了塔河岩溶盆地海西早期深切曲流峡谷区中心汇流型岩溶洞穴模式。
- 深切曲流 /
- 峡谷 /
- 海西早期 /
- 古岩溶 /
- 岩溶洞穴 /
- 塔河油田
Abstract: Seismic and drilling data were obtained to study the paleo-karst development conditions and cave developmental characteristics of the Middle-Lower Ordovician in the incised meandering canyon area on the western slope of Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin. Using layer leveling, tectonic trend surface, amplitude anomaly and other methods, the paleo-hydrogeographic conditions and paleo-karst fluid system were restored, the types of karst caves in the incised meandering canyon area were divided, and the development model of karst caves under the background of incised meandering canyons was re-constructed. Results showed that: (1) Early Hercynian paleo-karst was developed in the study area. The paleo-geomorphology was generally high in the east and low in the west. The karst geomorphic units were mainly valleys, karst hills and depressions. The incised meandering of the main surface water system was the lowest karst water discharge benchmark in the study area, and the underground and surface branch water systems converged from the southern and northern platforms to the central main body. (2) The underground river caves in the incised meandering canyon area were identified as subterranean river type, swallet stream type, perforated type, phreatic type along river valley and vadose type of sink hole, which were mainly distributed 0-90 m below unconformity surface. The perforated type and phreatic type along river valley were easy to be filled by mud. (3) Incised meandering canyon, karst residual hill and fault controlled the development of ancient karst caves, forming a central confluence karst cave model in the Early Hercynian incised meandering canyon area of the Tahe karst basin.
- incised meandering /
- canyon /
- Early Hercynian /
- paleokarst /
- karst cave /
- Tahe Oil Field

HTML全文

图 1 塔河油田12区深切曲流峡谷区构造位置及地层简表

a.塔河12区构造位置；b.深切曲流区构造位置；c.深切曲流区地层简表

Figure 1. Location and stratigraphic histogram of incised meandering canyon area in block 12, Tahe Oil Field

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 塔河油田深切曲流区中下奥陶统岩溶古地貌和断裂分布

Figure 2. Karst paleogeomorphology and fault distribution in Middle-Lower Ordovician in incised meandering area, Tahe Oil Field

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 塔河油田深切曲流区中下奥陶统岩溶地表古水系平面分布

Figure 3. Plane distribution of karst surface paleodrainage system in Middle-Lower Ordovician in incised meandering area, Tahe Oil Field

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 塔河油田深切曲流区中下奥陶统地表水系横剖面

剖面位置见图 3d。

Figure 4. Transverse profile of surface water system in Middle-Lower Ordovician in incised meandering area, Tahe Oil Field

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 塔河油田深切曲流区中下奥陶统古岩溶洞穴平面分布

Figure 5. Plane distribution of paleokarst caves in Middle-Lower Ordovician in incised meandering area, Tahe Oil Field

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 塔河油田深切曲流区中下奥陶统洞穴测井响应特征

Figure 6. Logging response characteristics of caves in Middle-Lower Ordovician in incised meandering area, Tahe Oil Field

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 塔河油田深切曲流峡谷流域地下水系统

Figure 7. Groundwater system of incised meandering canyon area, Tahe Oil Field

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 塔河油田中下奥陶统暗河型、伏流型洞穴地震响应特征

剖面位置见图 7。

Figure 8. Seismic response characteristics of subterranean river type cave and swallet stream type cave in Middle-Lower Ordovician, Tahe Oil Field

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 塔河油田中下奥陶统穿洞型、顺河潜流型及渗流入流型洞穴地震响应特征

a.TH121125井穿洞型洞穴标定地震剖面；b.TH121125井穿洞型洞穴标定波阻抗剖面；c.TH12144井顺河潜流型洞穴标定地震剖面；d.TH12144井顺河潜流型洞穴标定波阻抗剖面；e.TH12134CX2井、S104CX井渗流入流型洞穴标定地震剖面；f.TH12134CX2井、S104CX井渗流入流型洞穴标定波阻抗剖面。剖面位置见图 7。

Figure 9. Seismic response characteristics of through, phreatic and vadose caves in Middle-Lower Ordovician, Tahe Oil Field

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 塔河油田深切曲流区中下奥陶统洞穴发育模式

Figure 10. Cave development pattern in Middle-Lower Ordovician in incised meandering area, Tahe Oil Field

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(27)

[1]	康玉柱. 中国海相油气田勘探实例之四塔里木盆地塔河油田的发现与勘探[J]. 海相油气地质, 2005, 10(4): 31-38. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2005.04.005 KANG Yuzhu. Cases of discovery and exploration of marine fields in China (part 4): Tahe oilfield in Tarim Basin[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2005, 10(4): 31-38. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2005.04.005
[2]	漆立新, 云露. 塔里木台盆区碳酸盐岩成藏模式与勘探实践[J]. 石油实验地质, 2020, 42(5): 867-876. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202005867 QI Lixin, YUN Lu. Carbonate reservoir forming model and exploration in Tarim Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2020, 42(5): 867-876. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202005867
[3]	姜应兵, 李兴娟. 塔里木盆地塔河油田TH12402井区中下奥陶统古岩溶洞穴发育模式[J]. 古地理学报, 2021, 23(4): 824-836. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDLX202104011.htm JIANG Yingbing, LI Xingjuan. Development model of paleokarst caves in the Middle-Lower Ordovician of TH12402 well area in Tahe oilfield, Tarim Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2021, 23(4): 824-836. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDLX202104011.htm
[4]	翟晓先, 云露. 塔里木盆地塔河大型油田地质特征及勘探思路回顾[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2008, 29(5): 565-573. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-9985.2008.05.004 ZHAI Xiaoxian, YUN Lu. Geology of giant Tahe oilfield and a review of exploration thinking in the Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2008, 29(5): 565-573. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-9985.2008.05.004
[5]	夏永涛, 刘永立, 刘存革, 等. 塔河油田西北部加里东中期古水系特征及其地质意义[J]. 中国岩溶, 2019, 38(3): 438-443. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYR201903017.htm XIA Yongtao, LIU Yongli, LIU Cunge, et al. Characteristics and geological significance of middle Caledonian palaeodrainage pattern in the northwest of Tahe oilfield[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2019, 38(3): 438-443. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYR201903017.htm
[6]	漆立新, 云露. 塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶发育特征与主控因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2010, 31(1): 1-12. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT201001005.htm QI Lixin, YUN Lu. Development characteristics and main controlling factors of the Ordovician carbonate karst in Tahe oilfield[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2010, 31(1): 1-12. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT201001005.htm
[7]	李阳, 金强, 钟建华, 等. 塔河油田奥陶系岩溶分带及缝洞结构特征[J]. 石油学报, 2016, 37(3): 289-298. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB201603001.htm LI Yang, JIN Qiang, ZHONG Jianhua, et al. Karst zonings and fracture-cave structure characteristics of Ordovician reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016, 37(3): 289-298. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB201603001.htm
[8]	鲁新便, 何成江, 邓光校, 等. 塔河油田奥陶系油藏喀斯特古河道发育特征描述[J]. 石油实验地质, 2014, 36(3): 268-274. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYSD201403003.htm LU Xinbian, HE Chengjiang, DENG Guangxiao, et al. Development features of karst ancient river system in Ordovician reservoirs, Tahe Oil Field[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2014, 36(3): 268-274. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYSD201403003.htm
[9]	韩长城, 林承焰, 任丽华, 等. 塔里木盆地塔河10区奥陶系断裂特征及对岩溶储层的控制作用[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2016, 27(5): 790-798. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDKX201605005.htm HAN Changcheng, LIN Chengyan, REN Lihua, et al. Characte-ristics of Ordovician fault in the block 10 of Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin and its controlling effect on karst reservoirs[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2016, 27(5): 790-798. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDKX201605005.htm
[10]	鲁新便, 杨敏, 汪彦, 等. 塔里木盆地北部"层控"与"断控"型油藏特征: 以塔河油田奥陶系油藏为例[J]. 石油实验地质, 2018, 40(4): 461-469. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201804461 LU Xinbian, YANG Min, WANG Yan, et al. Geological characteristics of 'strata-bound' and 'fault-controlled' reservoirs in the northern Tarim Basin: taking the Ordovician reservoirs in the Tahe Oil Field as an example[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2018, 40(4): 461-469. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201804461
[11]	周文, 李秀华, 金文辉, 等. 塔河奥陶系油藏断裂对古岩溶的控制作用[J]. 岩石学报, 2011, 27(8): 2339-2348. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB201108011.htm ZHOU Wen, LI Xiuhua, JIN Wenhui, et al. The control action of fault to paleokarst in view of Ordovician reservoir in Tahe area[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2011, 27(8): 2339-2348. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB201108011.htm
[12]	吕艳萍, 吕晶, 徐想东, 等. 塔里木盆地塔河油田中下奥陶统鹰山组内幕储层成因机理[J]. 石油实验地质, 2021, 43(6): 1031-1037. doi: 10.11781/sysydz2021061031 LÜ Yanping, LÜ Jing, XU Xiangdong, et al. Genetic mechanism of inner reservoirs of Yingshan Formation of Middle-Lower Ordovician in Tahe Oil Field, Tarim Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2021, 43(6): 1031-1037. doi: 10.11781/sysydz2021061031
[13]	赵永强, 云露, 王斌, 等. 塔里木盆地塔河油田中西部奥陶系油气成藏主控因素与动态成藏过程[J]. 石油实验地质, 2021, 43(5): 758-766. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202105758 ZHAO Yongqiang, YUN Lu, WANG Bin, et al. Main constrains and dynamic process of Ordovician hydrocarbon accumulation, central and western Tahe Oil Field, Tarim Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2021, 43(5): 758-766. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202105758
[14]	郭川, 田亮, 鲍典. 塔河油田12区奥陶系油藏东部区域岩溶古河道识别及其意义[J]. 石油地质与工程, 2016, 30(1): 26-31. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYHN201601007.htm GUO Chuan, TIAN Liang, BAO Dian. Regional karst old channel identification and its significance of eastern Ordovician reservoir of block-12 in Tahe Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Engineering, 2016, 30(1): 26-31. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYHN201601007.htm
[15]	田亮, 李佳玲, 焦保雷. 塔河油田12区奥陶系油藏溶洞充填机理及挖潜方向[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2018, 30(3): 52-60. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YANX201803007.htm TIAN Liang, LI Jialing, JIAO Baolei. Filling mechanism and potential tapping direction of Ordovician karst reservoirs in block-12 of Tahe Oilfield[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2018, 30(3): 52-60. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YANX201803007.htm
[16]	张娟, 鲍典, 杨敏, 等. 塔河油田西部古暗河缝洞结构特征及控制因素[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2018, 25(4): 33-39. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YQCS201804006.htm ZHANG Juan, BAO Dian, YANG Min, et al. Analysis on fracture-cave structure characteristics and its controlling factor of palaeo-subterranean rivers in the western Tahe Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2018, 25(4): 33-39. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YQCS201804006.htm
[17]	李源, 鲁新便, 蔡忠贤, 等. 塔河油田海西早期古水文地貌特征及其对洞穴发育的控制[J]. 石油学报, 2016, 37(8): 1011-1020. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB201608007.htm LI Yuan, LU Xinbian, CAI Zhongxian, et al. Hydrogeomorphologic characteristics and its controlling caves in Hercynian, Tahe Oilfield[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016, 37(8): 1011-1020. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB201608007.htm
[18]	李源, 鲁新便, 蔡忠贤, 等. 塔里木盆地塔河油田岩溶峡谷区海西早期洞穴系统发育模式[J]. 古地理学报, 2017, 19(2): 364-372. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDLX201702015.htm LI Yuan, LU Xinbian, CAI Zhongxian, et al. Development model of Hercynian cave system in karst canyon area of Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2017, 19(2): 364-372. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDLX201702015.htm
[19]	张小兵, 吕海涛, 赵锡奎, 等. 塔河油田中下奥陶统顶面古构造演化及油气关系[J]. 石油实验地质, 2011, 33(3): 233-238. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201103233 ZHANG Xiaobing, LÜ Haitao, ZHAO Xikui, et al. Paleostructural evolution of Lower-Middle Ordovician top and its relationship with hydrocarbon in Tahe Oil Field[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2011, 33(3): 233-238. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201103233
[20]	张翔, 田景春, 彭军. 塔里木盆地志留—泥盆纪岩相古地理及时空演化特征研究[J]. 沉积学报, 2008, 26(5): 762-771. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB200805010.htm ZHANG Xiang, TIAN Jingchun, PENG Jun. The lithofacies-paleogeography and space-time evolvement of Silurian-Devonian in the Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2008, 26(5): 762-771. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB200805010.htm
[21]	康志宏. 塔河碳酸盐岩油藏岩溶古地貌研究[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2006, 27(5): 522-525. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJSD200605001.htm KANG Zhihong. The karst palaeogeomorphology of carbonate reservoir in Tahe Oilfield[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2006, 27(5): 522-525. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJSD200605001.htm
[22]	邹豹君. 小地貌学原理[M]. 北京: 商务印书馆, 1985. ZOU Baojun. Principles of small geomorphology[M]. Beijing: Commercial Press, 1985.
[23]	王震, 文欢, 胡文革. 塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞空间位置预测方法研究[J]. 工程地球物理学报, 2019, 16(4): 433-438. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GCDQ201904002.htm WANG Zhen, WEN Huan, HU Wenge. Study on spatial location prediction method of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir in Tahe Oilfield[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics, 2019, 16(4): 433-438. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GCDQ201904002.htm
[24]	农社卿, 马洪敏, 朱小露, 等. 碳酸盐岩泥质充填溶洞段测井资料有效性评价方法[J]. 石油天然气学报, 2014, 36(11): 106-110. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JHSX201411021.htm NONG Sheqing, MA Hongmin, ZHU Xiaolu, et al. Method of logging data effectiveness evaluation in carbonate argillaceous filled caves[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 2014, 36(11): 106-110. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JHSX201411021.htm
[25]	王晓畅, 张军, 李军, 等. 基于交会图决策树的缝洞体类型常规测井识别方法: 以塔河油田奥陶系为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2017, 38(4): 805-812. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT201704017.htm WANG Xiaochang, ZHANG Jun, LI Jun, et al. Conventional logging identification of fracture-vug complex types data based on crossplots-decision tree: a case study from the Ordovician in Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2017, 38(4): 805-812. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT201704017.htm
[26]	邓光校, 胡文革, 王震. 碳酸盐岩缝洞储集体分尺度量化表征[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2021, 42(2): 232-237. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJSD202102016.htm DENG Guangxiao, HU Wenge, WANG Zhen. Quantitative characte-rization of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2021, 42(2): 232-237. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJSD202102016.htm
[27]	杨明德. 岩溶峡谷区溶洞发育特征及水动力条件[J]. 中国岩溶, 1998, 15(3): 17-25. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYR803.000.htm YANG Mingde. Characteristics and hydrodynamic conditions of cave development in karst gorge districts[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 1998, 15(3): 17-25. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYR803.000.htm