四川盆地长宁西部地区上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组龙一<sub>1</sub>亚段页岩岩相划分及意义

廖崇杰; 陈雷; 郑健; 陈娅娜; 金值民; 李明隆; 陈鑫; 谭秀成

doi:10.11781/sysydz2022061037

四川盆地长宁西部地区上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组龙一₁亚段页岩岩相划分及意义

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2022061037

廖崇杰^{1, 2, 3,},
陈雷^{1, 2, 3, ,},
郑健⁴,
陈娅娜⁵,
金值民⁶,
李明隆^{1, 2, 3},
陈鑫^{1, 2, 3},
谭秀成^{1, 2, 3}

1.
天然气地质四川省重点实验室，成都 610500
2.
西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室，成都 610500
3.
中国石油天然气集团有限公司碳酸盐岩储层重点实验室西南石油大学研究分室，成都 610500
4.
四川长宁天然气勘探开发有限责任公司，成都 610051
5.
中国石油杭州地质研究院，杭州 310023
6.
中国石油西南油气田公司勘探开发研究院，成都 610041

基金项目:

中国石油—西南石油大学创新联合体科技合作项目 2020CX020000

详细信息

作者简介:
廖崇杰(1998—)，男，硕士研究生，从事油气地质研究工作。E-mail：chong98@163.com

通讯作者:
陈雷(1985—), 男，副教授，从事非常规油气地质、碳酸盐岩沉积与储层、层序地层学等研究工作。E-mail: cl211@126.com

中图分类号: TE122.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-12
- 修回日期: 2022-09-26
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-28

Classification of shale lithofacies from Ordovician Wufeng Formation to first section of first member of Silurian Longmaxi Formation, western Changning area, Sichuan Basin, and its significance

LIAO Chongjie^{1, 2, 3
,},
CHEN Lei^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
ZHENG Jian⁴,
CHEN Yana⁵,
JIN Zhimin⁶,
LI Minglong^{1, 2, 3},
CHEN Xin^{1, 2, 3},
TAN Xiucheng^{1, 2, 3}

1.
Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Gas Geology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
3.
Research Branch of Southwest Petroleum University, Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs, CNPC, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
4.
Sichuan Changning Natural Gas Development Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, China
5.
PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
6.
Exploration and Development Research Institute, PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China

摘要

摘要: 四川盆地长宁地区上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩作为目前页岩气勘探开发的重点目标已取得重大突破。为明确长宁西部地区岩相差异、纵横向分布规律、储层发育特征及其影响因素，基于岩心、X衍射测试、扫描电镜以及各类分析测试资料对长宁西部地区五峰组—龙马溪组龙一₁亚段的页岩岩相进行了细致研究。研究区主要发育硅质页岩相、混合硅质页岩相、含灰硅质页岩相、含黏土硅质页岩相、混合质页岩相、含黏土/硅混合质页岩相以及含灰/硅混合质页岩相7种岩相。其中主要分布在龙一₁亚段底部的硅质页岩相因其具有高TOC含量、高孔隙度和高含气性，是研究区最为优质的页岩岩相；其次五峰组沉积时期和龙一₁亚段沉积晚期发育的混合硅质页岩相、含灰硅质页岩相、含灰/硅混合质页岩相和含黏土/硅混合质页岩相，在储层条件上稍差于硅质页岩相，为研究区中等的页岩岩相。综合分析认为，五峰组—龙马溪组龙一₁亚段页岩优势岩相储层形成可能受2个因素共同控制，一是上层富氧而下层缺氧—还原的沉积环境，该类型的沉积环境能够提供大量富有机质的硅质矿物；其次，在后期成岩作用中，充足的富有机质硅质矿物能为储层提供优异的孔隙类型。研究结果将为长宁西部地区页岩气富集区提供岩相学支撑，有利于四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组海相页岩气的下一步勘探。
- 页岩岩相 /
- 储层特征 /
- 控制因素 /
- 龙马溪组 /
- 长宁地区 /
- 四川盆地
Abstract: Shale gas exploration has been successfully carried out in the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation to the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation of the Changning area of Sichuan Basin. To clarify the lithofacies differences, vertical and horizontal distribution signatures, reservoir development characteristics and influencing factors in the western part of Changning area, based on core X-ray diffraction test, scanning electron microscopic observation and various analytical test data, the shale lithofacies of the Wufeng Formation (O₃w) to the first section of the first member of Longmaxi Formation (S₁l₁¹) were studied in detail. Seven lithofacies in the study area were recognized including siliceous shale, mixed siliceous shale, carbonate-rich siliceous shale, clay-rich siliceous shale, mixed shale, argillaceous/siliceous mixed shale and calcareous/siliceous shale. The siliceous shale facies developed at the bottom of S₁l₁¹ is the best shale lithofacies in the study area since its TOC content, porosity and gas-bearing capacity are all higher than those of others. The mixed siliceous shale, carbonate-rich siliceous shale, calcareous/siliceous mixed shale and argillaceous/siliceous mixed shale in O₃w and the upper S₁l₁¹ are slightly poorer than siliceous shale in terms of reservoir conditions, which are the sub-optimal lithofacies in the study area. Comprehensive analyses showed that the formation of dominant shale lithofacies reservoirs in O₃w and S₁l₁¹ may be controlled by two factors. One is the sedimentary environment rich in oxygen in the upper layer and hypoxic and reducing in the lower layer, which provided a large amount of organic-rich siliceous minerals. Secondly, abundant organic-rich siliceous minerals provided excellent pore types for reservoirs during late diagenesis. The results will provide lithographic support for the studies of shale gas enrichment zones in the western Changning area, and are conducive to the further exploration of marine shale gas in O₃w and S₁l₁¹ in the Sichuan Basin.
- shale lithofacies /
- reservoir characteristics /
- controlling factors /
- Longmaxi Formation /
- Changning area /
- Sichuan Basin

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图 1 四川盆地长宁西部地区构造背景^[14]及地层划分

Figure 1. Tectonic setting and stratigraphic division of western Changning area, Sichuan Basin

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图 2 四川盆地长宁西部地区页岩矿物组成三端元图解

黏土质页岩相：M-1(黏土质页岩相)；CM-2(混合黏土质页岩相)；CM-3(含灰黏土质页岩相)；CM-4(含硅黏土质页岩相); 灰质页岩相：C-1(灰质页岩相)；C-2(混合灰质页岩相)；C-3(含硅灰质页岩相)；C-4(含黏土灰质页岩相); 硅质页岩相：S-1(硅质页岩相)；S-2(混合硅质页岩相)；S-3(含灰硅质页岩相)；S-4(含黏土硅质页岩相); 混合质页岩相：M-1(含灰/硅混合质页岩相)；M-2(混合质页岩相)；M-3(含黏土/灰混合质页岩相)；M-4(含黏土/硅混合质页岩相)

Figure 2. Diagram of three endmembers of shale mineral composition in western Changning area, Sichuan Basin

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图 3 四川盆地长宁西部地区五峰组—龙马溪组龙一₁亚段页岩主要岩相岩心特征

a.硅质页岩相(S-1)，发育条带状黄铁矿，Y5井，3小层，3 920.26~3 920.46 m；b.硅质页岩相(S-1)，笔石发育，丰度为70%~80%，形态完整，杂乱分布，Y2井，1小层，3 515.51~3 515.58 m；c.混合硅质页岩相(S-2)，顶部见顺层黄铁矿层和结核，部分发生应力变形，Y2井，4小层，3 495.00~3 495.12 m；d.混合硅质页岩相(S-2)，高角度裂缝发育，方解石胶结，Y2井，4小层，3 501.99~3 502.20 m；e.含灰硅质页岩相(S-3)，黄铁矿纹层状发育，Y3井，2小层，3 883.96~3 884.07 m；f.含黏土硅质页岩相(S-4)，见高角度断层面，被方解石胶结，Y2井，3小层，3 504.28~3 504.47 m；g.含灰/硅混合质页岩相(M-1)，Y3井，4小层，3 863.12~3 863.29 m；h.混合质页岩相(M-2)，偶见黄铁矿结核，Y3井，4小层，3 874.59~3 874.75 m；i.含黏土/硅混合质页岩相(M-4)，纹层发育，裂缝发育，多为方解石充填，Y5井，4小层，3 887.76~3 888.9 m

Figure 3. Core characteristics of main lithofacies of shale in O₃w and S₁l₁¹ in western Changning area, Sichuan Basin

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图 4 长宁西部地区五峰组—龙马溪组龙一₁亚段页岩主要岩相镜下特征

a.硅质页岩相(S-1)，大量硅质石英成层发育，有机质层状富集，Y2井，1小层，3 515.51 m；b.硅质页岩相(S-1)，石英纹层和黏土纹层交替穿插，Y2井，1小层，3 515.75 m；c.混合硅质页岩相(S-2)，被方解石充填的裂缝，Y2井，2小层，3 512.17 m；d.混合硅质页岩相(S-2)，有机质层状富集，裂缝发育，Y2井，2小层，3 511.26 m；e.混合硅质页岩相(S-2)，孔、缝发育，Y2井，3小层，3 508.24 m；f.含灰/硅混合质(M-1)，石英颗粒均匀分布，泥粉晶白云石方解石零星分布，Y2井，4小层，3 485.39 m

Figure 4. Lithofacies characteristics of shale in O₃w and S₁l₁¹ in western Changning area, Sichuan Basin

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图 5 四川盆地长宁西部地区过Y1-Y2-Y4-Y5井的五峰组—龙马溪组岩相连井剖面

Figure 5. Lithofacies of shale in Wufeng and Longmaxi formations showed by a profile crossing wells Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5 in western Changning area, Sichuan Basin

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图 6 四川盆地长宁西部地区五峰组—龙一₁亚段主要岩相储层关键参数统计

Figure 6. Key parameters of main lithofacies reservoirs in O₃w and S₁l₁¹ in western Changning area, Sichuan Basin

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图 7 四川盆地长宁西部地区五峰组—龙一₁亚段页岩TOC含量与U/Th比、含气量、孔隙度的相关性

Figure 7. Correlation between TOC content and U/Th ratio, gas content and porosity of shale in O₃w and S₁l₁¹ in western Changning area, Sichuan Basin

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图 8 四川盆地长宁西部地区五峰组—龙一₁亚段孔隙特征

a.硅质页岩相(S-1)，大量发育有机质孔隙，Y2井，1小层，实测TOC含量4.25%，3 515.51 m；b.混合硅质页岩相(S-2)，有机质孔隙较为发育，Y2井，2小层，实测TOC含量2.3%，3 511.26 m；c.硅质页岩相(S-1)，黄铁矿晶间孔，Y2井，1小层，实测TOC含量4.2%，3 515.75 m；d.硅质页岩相(S-1)，硅质矿物中的粒内孔隙，Y2井，实测TOC含量4.2%，3 515.75 m

Figure 8. Pore characteristics of O₃w and S₁l₁¹ in western Changning area, Sichuan Basin

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表 1 四川盆地长宁西部地区五峰组—龙一₁亚段页岩岩相主要特征对比

Table 1. Main characteristics of shale lithofacies in O₃w and S₁l₁¹ in western Changning area, Sichuan Basin

岩相类型	平均TOC含量/%	平均孔隙度/%	平均含气量/(m³·t^-1)	总体评价
硅质页岩相	4.03	6.85	2.22	优质
混合硅质页岩相	2.85	4.76	2.04	中等
含灰硅质页岩相	2.55	4.85	2.12	中等
含黏土硅质页岩相	2.68	5.31	1.85	差
含灰/硅混合质页岩相	2.77	4.36	2.12	中等
混合质页岩相	2.21	4.59	1.60	最差
含黏土/硅混合质页岩相	3.11	4.73	2.11	中等

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