银额盆地艾西凹陷烃源岩地球化学特征及资源潜力

张亚雄; 陈治军; 高怡文; 王小多; 韩长春; 李子梁

doi:10.11781/sysydz2022061048

银额盆地艾西凹陷烃源岩地球化学特征及资源潜力

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2022061048

张亚雄^1,,
陈治军^{2, 3, ,},
高怡文²,
王小多²,
韩长春²,
李子梁²

1.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院，北京 102206
2.
陕西延长石油(集团)有限责任公司研究院，西安 710075
3.
长江大学资源与环境学院，武汉 430100

基金项目:

自然资源部重点项目“十三五全国油气资源评价” 2017YQZYPJ01

详细信息

作者简介:
张亚雄(1983—)，男，高级工程师，从事沉积学研究和期刊出版等方面的工作。E-mail: 157498674@qq.com

通讯作者:
陈治军(1980—)，男，教授级高级工程师，从事地球化学方面的研究工作。E-mail: 32952030@qq.com

中图分类号: TE122.1
计量
- 文章访问数: 515
- HTML全文浏览量: 208
- PDF下载量: 58
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-01
- 修回日期: 2022-09-19
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-28

Geochemical characteristics and resource potential of source rocks in Aixi Sag, Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin

1.
Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 102206, China
2.
Research Institute of Yanchang Petroleum (Group) Co. Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China
3.
College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei 430100, China

摘要

摘要: 为明确银额盆地艾西凹陷烃源岩条件和油气资源潜力，基于2口探井泥岩样品的测试分析资料，对烃源岩开展系统的评价研究，对有效烃源岩进行预测，在此基础上分析油气资源潜力。艾西凹陷潜在烃源岩为发育于白垩系乌兰苏海组(K₂w)、银根组(K₁y)、苏红图组(K₁s)、巴音戈壁组三段(K₁b³)、二段(K₁b²)和一段(K₁b¹)的泥岩，其中K₁b³、K₁b²和K₁b¹泥岩有机质丰度最高，其有机质类型均偏腐殖型(Ⅱ型—Ⅲ型)，成熟度均达到成熟热演化阶段。元素地球化学和生物标志化合物资料表明，烃源岩沉积期的古气候温暖湿润，沉积水体主要为淡水，陆源高等植物的生源贡献占优势。有利于有机质富集的沉积环境为盐度较高、还原性较强的环境，高生产力是有机质富集的主要控制因素。厘定了研究区有效烃源岩的TOC含量下限值为0.85%，有效烃源岩主要发育于K₁b³、K₁b²和K₁b¹，它们在南凹漕带、中凹漕带、北凹漕带和西凹漕带具有一定面积的分布。估算出研究区的油气总资源量为5 091.05×10⁴ t，结合活跃的油气显示证据，认为研究区具有较好的油气勘探潜力。
- 烃源岩 /
- 地球化学特征 /
- 资源潜力 /
- 艾西凹陷 /
- 银额盆地
Abstract: In order to clarify the source rock conditions and oil/gas potential of the Aixi Sag in the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin, based on the analytical results of mudstone samples from two exploratory wells, a systematic evaluation of the source rocks was carried out in this paper, and the effective source rocks were supposed. The potential source rocks in the study area are mudstones developed in Cretaceous Wulansuhai Formation (K₂w), Yingen Formation (K₁y), Suhongtu Formation (K₁s), and the third (K₁b³), second (K₁b²) and first member (K₁b¹) of Bayingebi Formation, among which the K₁b³, K₁b² and K₁b¹ mudstones have the highest abundance of organic matter with the kerogen types of Ⅱ-Ⅲ at mature stages of thermal evolution. Elemental geochemical and biomarker data show that the paleoclimate during the deposition of source rocks was warm and humid, the sedimentary water was mainly fresh water, and the contribution of terrestrial organic matter was dominant. The favorite sedimentary paleoenvironment conducive to organic matter enrichment is high salinity and strong reducibility, and high productivity is the main controlling factor for the enrichment of organic matter. The lowest limit of TOC content of effective source rocks is supposed to be 0.85%, and the effective source rocks are mainly developed in K₁b³, K₁b² and K₁b¹. They are mainly distributed in considerable areas in the southern, central, northern and western subsags. The total oil and gas resources in the study area are estimated to be around 5 091.05×10⁴ t. Combined with the evidence of active oil and gas display, it is concluded that the study area has good oil and gas exploration potential.
- source rock /
- geochemical characteristics /
- petroleum resource potential /
- Aixi Sag /
- Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin

HTML全文

图 1 银额盆地艾西凹陷构造分区(a)、构造位置(b)和A2井综合柱状图(c)

Figure 1. Structural units (a), location (b) of Aixi Sag, Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin and comprehensive histogram of well A2 (c)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 银额盆地艾西凹陷A1井部分井段泥岩岩心照片

a.639.47 m，K₁s，褐色泥岩，滨浅湖相沉积；b.1 314.30 m，K₁b³，棕色含砾泥岩，夹薄层状细砂岩，浅湖相沉积；c.1 508.54 m，K₁b²，灰色粉砂质泥岩，三角洲平原亚相沉积；d.2 112.17 m，K₁b¹，灰色泥岩，半深湖相沉积

Figure 2. Photos of mudstone cores in some well sections of well A1, Aixi Sag, Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 银额盆地艾西凹陷泥岩TOC含量分布频率

Figure 3. Distribution frequency of TOC contents of mudstones in Aixi Sag, Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 银额盆地艾西凹陷烃源岩有机质类型

a 图底图据文献[3]，b 图底图据文献[10]。

Figure 4. Organic type of source rocks in Aixi Sag, Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 银额盆地艾西凹陷A1井不同层段烃源岩生物标志化合物谱图

Figure 5. Biomarker chromatograms of source rocks in different layers of well A1, Aixi Sag, Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 银额盆地艾西凹陷烃源岩热演化特征

a 图底图据文献[10]，b 图标准据文献[8]。

Figure 6. Thermal maturation level of source rocks in Aixi Sag, Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 银额盆地艾西凹陷烃源岩Sr/Ba与Sr的相关关系

底图据文献[14]。

Figure 7. Relationship between Sr/Ba and Sr of source rocks in Aixi Sag, Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 银额盆地艾西凹陷不同层段烃源岩Ph/nC₁₈与Pr/nC₁₇相关关系

Figure 8. Crossplots of Ph/nC₁₈ vs. Pr/nC₁₇ of source rocks in different layers in Aixi Sag, Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 银额盆地艾西凹陷烃源岩沉积环境指标与TOC之间的关系

Figure 9. Relationship between TOC content and sedimentary environment index of source rocks in Aixi Sag, Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 银额盆地艾西凹陷烃源岩ω(TOC)与S₁/ω(TOC)相关关系

Figure 10. Relationship between TOC and S₁/TOC of source rocks in Aixi Sag, Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 银额盆地艾西凹陷有效烃源岩厚度分布

Figure 11. Thickness of effective source rocks in Aixi Sag, Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 银额盆地艾西凹陷过A2井地震剖面

Figure 12. Seismic section crossing well A2 in Aixi Sag, Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 银额盆地艾西凹陷泥岩厚度统计

Table 1. Thickness of mudstones in Aixi Sag, Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin

层位	A1井			A2井
层位	潜在烃源岩岩性	泥岩累计厚度/m	暗色泥岩累计厚度/m	潜在烃源岩岩性	泥岩累计厚度/m	暗色泥岩累计厚度/m
K₂w	灰色泥岩	311	19	灰色灰质泥岩为主	304	194
K₁y	灰色泥岩	230	92	灰色灰质泥岩为主	141	27
K₁s	灰色泥岩和灰色粉砂质泥岩	289	73	灰色含灰泥岩等	420	122
K₁b³	灰色粉砂质泥岩为主	303	60	灰色泥岩等	81	77
K₁b²	灰色泥岩和灰色粉砂质泥岩	38	38	灰色粉砂质泥岩等	13	13
K₁b¹	灰色粉砂质泥岩	58	58		2

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 银额盆地艾西凹陷泥岩地球化学数据

Table 2. Geochemical data of mudstones in Aixi Sag, Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin

层位	ω(TOC)/%	氯仿沥青“A”/%	岩石热解参数				R_o/%
			(S₁+S₂)/(mg.g^-1)	I_H/(mg.g^-1)	T_max/℃
			(S₁+S₂)/(mg.g^-1)	I_H/(mg.g^-1)	全部样品	去除ω(TOC) < 0.6%的样品
K₂w	$\frac{0.01 \sim 2.57}{0.34 / 36} $		$\frac{0.02 \sim 16.19}{0.80 / 36} $	$ \frac{9 \sim 871}{123 / 36}$	$ \frac{403 \sim 500}{450 / 36}$	$ \frac{421 \sim 442}{432 / 7}$
K₁y	$\frac{0.03 \sim 0.62}{0.17 / 55} $	$ \frac{0.009}{0.009 / 1}$	$\frac{0.01 \sim 0.23}{0.08 / 55} $	$\frac{6 \sim 435}{69 / 55} $	$ \frac{344 \sim 554}{444 / 55}$	$\frac{422 \sim 445}{434 / 6} $	$\frac{0.34}{0.34 / 1} $
K₁s	$\frac{0.01 \sim 2.67}{0.25 / 142} $	$ \frac{0.042}{0.042 / 1}$	$ \frac{0.01 \sim 3.14}{0.18 / 142}$	$\frac{2 \sim 889}{196 / 142} $	$ \frac{336 \sim 538}{425 / 142}$	$ \frac{405 \sim 451}{436 / 20}$	$ \frac{0.52}{0.52 / 1}$
K₁b³	$\frac{0.35 \sim 1.77}{0.74 / 85} $	$\frac{0.053 \sim 0.071}{0.062 / 2} $	$\frac{0.56 \sim 16.49}{3.19 / 85} $	$\frac{25 \sim 1040}{155 / 85} $	$\frac{341 \sim 479}{425 / 85} $	$\frac{428 \sim 447}{441 / 16} $	$\frac{0.69 \sim 0.78}{0.74 / 2} $
K₁b²	$ \frac{0.27 \sim 1.83}{0.78 / 31}$		$\frac{0.08 \sim 10.30}{2.82 / 31} $	$\frac{53 \sim 499}{128 / 31} $	$\frac{417 \sim 464}{442 / 31} $	$\frac{436 \sim 455}{443 / 7} $
K₁b¹	$\frac{0.28 \sim 2.36}{0.67 / 48} $	$\frac{0.068}{0.068 / 1} $	$\frac{0.32 \sim 12.12}{2.24 / 48} $	$\frac{64 \sim 258}{121 / 48} $	$\frac{419 \sim 456}{442 / 48} $	$\frac{436 \sim 456}{445 / 26} $	$\frac{1.00}{1.00 / 1} $
注：表中分式的意义为：$ \frac{\text { “最小值~最大值” }}{\text { 平均值/统计个数。 }}$

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 银额盆地艾西凹陷单井有效烃源岩厚度统计

Table 3. Thickness of effective source rocks of single wells in Aixi Sag, Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin

层位	A1井			A2井
层位	单层厚度/m	层数	累计厚度/m	单层厚度/m	层数	累计厚度/m
K₂w	0	0	0	1~2	3	4
K₁y	0	0	0	0	0	0
K₁s	0	0	0	1~2	5	6
K₁b³	0	0	0	3~4	6	22
K₁b²	4~20	3	29	2~5	4	13
K₁b¹	3~10	5	34	0	0	0

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 银额盆地艾西凹陷各层位资源量计算

Table 4. Oil resource calculation of Aixi Sag, Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin

层位	S/km²	H/km	d/(10⁸t·km^-3)	A/%	K₁	K₂	Q/10⁴ t
K₁b³	646.45	0.025	24	0.91	0.25	0.20	1 764.81
K₁b²	685.89	0.030	25	0.87	0.25	0.20	2 237.72
K₁b¹	470.41	0.020	26	0.89	0.25	0.20	1 088.53

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(23)

[1]	耿师江, 周勇水, 王亚明, 等. 银额盆地查干凹陷稠油油藏特征及成因[J]. 断块油气田, 2021, (04): 463-469. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKYT202104007.htm GENG Shijiang, ZHOU Yongshui, WANG Yaming, et al. The characteristics and genesis of heavy oil reservoir in Chagan Sag, Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2021, (04): 463-469. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKYT202104007.htm
[2]	蒋航, 曾德铭, 刘护创, 等. 银额盆地拐子湖凹陷北部烃源岩特征及控制因素[J]. 特种油气藏, 2020, 27(4): 33-40. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TZCZ202004005.htm JIANG Hang, ZENG Deming, LIU Huchuang, et al. Source-rock characterization and main-controlling factors in the northern Guaizihu Depression of Yin'e Basin[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reserviors, 2020, 27(4): 33-40. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TZCZ202004005.htm
[3]	陈治军, 高怡文, 刘护创, 等. 银根—额济纳旗盆地哈日凹陷下白垩统烃源岩地球化学特征与油源对比[J]. 石油学报, 2018, 39(1): 69-81. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB201801006.htm CHEN Zhijun, GAO Yiwen, LIU Huchuang, et al. Geochemical characteristics of Lower Cretaceous source rocks and oil-source correlation in Hari Sag, Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2018, 39(1): 69-81. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB201801006.htm
[4]	LI Wenhao, ZHANG Zhihuan, LI Youchuan. Some aspects of excellent marine source rock formation: implications on enrichment regularity of organic matter in continental margin basins[J]. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, 2015, 34(1): 47-54. doi: 10.1007/s11631-014-0018-2
[5]	刘护创, 王文慧, 陈治军, 等. 银额盆地哈日凹陷白垩系云质泥岩气藏特征与成藏条件[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2019, 31(2): 24-34. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YANX201902004.htm LIU Huchuang, WANG Wenhui, CHEN Zhijun, et al. Characteristics and accumulation conditions of Cretaceous dolomitic mudstone gas reservoir in Hari Sag, Yin'e Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2019, 31(2): 24-34. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YANX201902004.htm
[6]	HOU Yunchao, WANG Hongyu, FAN Tailiang, et al. Rift-related sedimentary evolution and its response to tectonics and climate changes: a case study of the Guaizihu Sag, Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin, China[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2020, 195: 104370. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2020.104370
[7]	中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 18602-2012, 岩石热解分析[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2013. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. GB/T 18602-2012, Rock pyrolysis analysis[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2013.
[8]	中国石油天然气总公司. SY/T 5735-1995, 陆相烃源岩地球化学评价方法[S]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 1996. China National Petroleum Company. SY/T 5735-1995, Geochemical evaluation standard of terrestrial hydrocarbon source rock[S]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1996.
[9]	卢双舫, 张敏. 油气地球化学[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2018. LU Shuangfang, ZHANG Min. Oil and gas geochemical[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2018.
[10]	LAI Hongfei, LI Meijun, LIU Jiguo, et al. Source rock assessment within a sequence stratigraphic framework of the Yogou Formation in the Termit Basin, Niger[J]. Geological Journal, 2019, 55(4): 2473-2494.
[11]	张振苓, 邬立言, 舒念祖. 烃源岩热解分析参数T_max异常的原因[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2006, 33(1): 72-75. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK200705011.htm ZHANG Zhenling, WU Liyan, SHU Nianzu. Cause analysis of abnormal T_max values on Rock-Eval pyrolysis[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2006, 33(1): 72-75. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK200705011.htm
[12]	陈治军, 王志伟, 张少清, 等. 二连盆地宝勒根陶海凹陷烃源岩生物标志化合物特征与油源对比[J]. 沉积学报, 2020, 38(2): 451-462. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB202002019.htm CHEN Zhijun, WANG Zhiwei, ZHANG Shaoqing, et al. Biomarker characteristics of source rocks and oil source correlation in Baolegentaohai Sag, Erlian Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2020, 38(2): 451-462. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB202002019.htm
[13]	刘刚, 周东升. 微量元素分析在判别沉积环境中的应用: 以江汉盆地潜江组为例[J]. 石油实验地质, 2007, 29(3): 307-310. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200703307 LIU Gang, ZHOU Dongsheng. Application of microelements analysis in identifying sedimentary environment: taking Qianjiang Formation in the Jianghan Basin as an example[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2007, 29(3): 307-310. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200703307
[14]	徐波, 胡碧瑶, 顾智鹏, 等. 西湖凹陷平湖斜坡带平湖组微量元素和稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质意义[J]. 西安石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 36(2): 28-37. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XASY202102004.htm XU Bo, HU Biyao, GU Zhipeng, et al. Geochemical characteristics of trace elements and rare earth elements of Pinghu Formation in Pinghu Slope Belt of Xihu Sag and their geological significance[J]. Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition), 2021, 36(2): 28-37. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XASY202102004.htm
[15]	PETERS K E, MOLDOWAN J M. The biomarker guide: interpreting molecular fossils in petroleum and ancient sediments[M]. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1993: 109-126.
[16]	付勇, 周文喜, 王华建, 等. 黔北下寒武统黑色岩系的沉积环境与地球化学响应[J]. 地质学报, 2021, 95(2): 536-548. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE202102017.htm FU Yong, ZHOU Wenxi, WANG Huajian, et al. The relationship between environment and geochemical characteristics of black rock series of Lower Cambrian in northern Guizhou[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2021, 95(2): 536-548. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE202102017.htm
[17]	李红敬, 解习农, 林正良, 等. 四川盆地广元地区大隆组有机质富集规律[J]. 地质科技情报, 2009, 28(2): 98-103. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ200902017.htm LI Hongjing, XIE Xinong, LIN Zhengliang, et al. Organic matter enrichment of Dalong Formation in Guangyuan area of the Sichuan Basin[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2009, 28(2): 98-103. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ200902017.htm
[18]	朱光有, 金强, 王锐. 有效烃源岩的识别方法[J]. 石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 27(2): 6-10. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYDX200302002.htm ZHU Guangyou, JIN Qiang, WANG Rui. Identification methods for efficient source rocks[J]. Journal of the University of Petroleum, China, 2003, 27(2): 6-10. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYDX200302002.htm
[19]	庞雄奇. 排烃门限控油气理论与应用[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 1995. PANG Xiongqi. Theory and application of hydrocarbon controlled by expulsion threshold[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1995.
[20]	PANG Bo, CHEN Junqing, PANG Xiongqi, et al. Possible new method to discriminate effective source rocks in petroliferous basins: a case study in the Tazhong area, Tarim Basin[J]. Energy Exploration & Exploitation, 2020, 38(2): 417-433.
[21]	SI Wei, HOU Dujie, WU Piao, et al. Geochemical characteristics of Lower Cretaceous lacustrine organic matter in the southern sag of the Wuliyasitai Depression, Erlian Basin, China[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2020, 118: 104404.
[22]	涂飞飞. 伊通盆地鹿乡断陷油气资源评价[D]. 大庆: 东北石油大学, 2016. TU Feifei. Oil and gas resource evaluation of Luxiang Fault Depression. Yitong Basin[D]. Daqing: Northeast Petroleum University, 2016.
[23]	宋芝祥. 油气资源评价方法的选择[J]. 沉积学报, 1987, 5(1): 104-113. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB198701011.htm SONG Zhixiang. The selection of evaluation modes of oil and gas resources[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1987, 5(1): 104-113. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB198701011.htm