四川盆地中二叠世岩相古地理及其油气地质意义

彭金宁; 杜崇娇; 李龙龙; 蒋小琼; 潘文蕾; 陆永德; 罗开平

doi:10.11781/sysydz202301049

四川盆地中二叠世岩相古地理及其油气地质意义

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202301049

中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏无锡 214126

基金项目:

中国石油化工股份有限公司项目“川西二叠系成藏条件及勘探潜力分析” P18069-2

详细信息

作者简介:
彭金宁(1979-), 男, 博士, 高级工程师, 从事油气地质综合评价研究。E-mail: pengjn.syky@sinopec.com

中图分类号: TE121.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-15
- 修回日期: 2022-11-15
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-28

Lithofacies palaeogeography of Middle Permian in the Sichuan Basin and its petroleum geological significance

Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China

摘要

摘要: 近期四川盆地中二叠统陆续取得勘探发现，展现出很大的勘探潜力。中二叠世该区构造—沉积分异明显，导致油气成藏规律复杂，层序岩相古地理的重建对认识构造—沉积演化、沉积建造和油气勘探具有重要意义。通过综合油气勘探成果、典型钻井及野外露头资料，并以三级层序为最小纵向编图单元，重建了四川盆地中二叠世栖霞—茅口期各层序的岩相古地理。四川盆地中二叠统可划分为5个三级层序，即SQq1(梁山组—栖一段B)、SQq2(栖一段A—栖二段)、SQm1(茅一段—茅二段C)、SQm2(茅二段B—A)和SQm3(茅三—茅四段)。SQq1和SQm1沉积期总体以海侵和填平补齐过程为主，盆内局部古高地存在点状、带状滩体；SQq2、SQm2和SQm3沉积期以持续海退、地貌分异为主，盆缘发育镶边的碳酸盐岩台地沉积体系，台内可形成较大规模多个滩体；SQq2沉积期是中二叠世主要成滩期，较漫长的海退过程和局部块体升降，促使川西台缘、川中南部台内形成较大规模多个滩体；SQm3沉积期在盆地北部沉积分异明显加剧，全面转换为台缘—斜坡—陆棚的隆凹相间沉积分异格局；SQq2和SQm3沉积期高位体系域(HST)的台缘、台内滩体为白云石化、溶蚀等后期建设性成岩改造提供了物质基础。坡折带地貌的刻画和台缘、台内滩体预测应成为下一步勘探研究的重点。
- 三级层序 /
- 岩相古地理 /
- 油气地质 /
- 中二叠统 /
- 四川盆地
Abstract: Exploration discoveries have been made in the Middle Permian of the Sichuan Basin, indicating great exploration potential. However, the Middle Permian has obvious tectonic-sedimentary variation, resulting in complexity of hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism. The reconstruction of sequence lithofacies paleogeography is of great significance to understand the tectonic-sedimentary evolution, sedimentary formation and hydrocarbon exploration. In this paper, the lithofacies palaeogeography during the Middle Permian Qixia-Maokou period in the Sichuan Basin was reconstructed with the third order sequence as the minimum longitudinal mapping unit based on oil and gas exploration results as well as typical drilling and outcropping data. Five third-order sequences for the Middle Permian in the Sichuan Basin were supposed in this study including: SQq1 (from the Liangshan Formation to the section B of the first member of the Qixia Formation), SQq2 (from the section A of the first member to the second member of the Qixia Formation), SQm1 (from the first member to the section C of the second member of the Maokou Formation), SQm2 (from the section B to the section A of the second member of the Maokou Formation), and SQm3 (from the third to the fourth member of Maokou Formation). During the deposition of SQq1 and SQm1, transgression and filling were dominant, and spot and banded beach bodies in some palaeo-highlands of the basin were discovered. During the deposition of SQq2, SQm2 and SQm3, continuous regression and geomorphic differentiation were dominant, the carbonate platforms depositional system with edge were developed in the margin parts of the basin, and large scale multi-stage and multi-zone beach bodies could be formed in the platform. SQq2 was the main shoal-forming stage in the Middle Permian. The relatively long regressive process [JP+1]and local block uplift promoted the formation of large scale multi-stage and multi-zone shoals in the platform margin of the western Sichuan Basin and the southern part of the central Sichuan Basin. During SQm3 period, the sedimentary differentiation in the northern Sichuan Basin was obviously intensified, and it was transformed into an alternate uplift and sag pattern with platform margin, slope and shelf. The platform margin and intra-platform shoal of the HST during the deposition of SQq2 and SQm3 provided material basis for dolomitization, dissolution and other later constructive diagenetic transformation. Therefore, the delineation of slope break zone geomorphology and the prediction of platform margin and intra-platform shoal should be regarded as the focus of further exploration.
- third-order sequence /
- lithofacies palaeogeography /
- petroleum geology /
- Middle Permian /
- Sichuan Basin

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图 1 四川盆地中二叠统层序地层划分方案

Figure 1. Sequence stratigraphic division of Middle Permian, Sichuan Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 四川盆地下二叠统梁山组岩电响应特征

Figure 2. Rock electrical response characteristics of Lower Permian Liangshan Formation, Sichuan Basin

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图 3 四川盆地SQq1和SQq2层序野外露头和镜下特征

a.P₁l和P₂q界面，旺苍金龙村剖面；b.P₁l和P₂q界面，华蓥二崖剖面；c.P₂q^1B，薄层状微晶生物碎屑灰岩夹硅质结核(A)，华蓥二崖剖面；d.中—厚层状微晶生物碎屑灰岩，P₂q^1A，剑阁猫儿塘剖面；e.微晶生物碎屑灰岩，照片d镜下显微照片，单偏光；f.厚层状白云岩，P₂q²，剑阁何家梁剖面；g.细—粗晶白云岩，照片f镜下显微照片；h.豹斑灰岩(A为灰质白云岩，B为白云质灰岩)，P₂q²，旺苍鹿渡坝剖面；i.P₂q^1B和P₂q²界面，旺苍鹿渡坝剖面

Figure 3. Outcrop and microscopic characteristics of SQq1 and SQq2 sequences, Sichuan Basin

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图 4 四川盆地中二叠统茅口组SQm1、SQm2和SQm3层序野外露头和镜下特征

a.P₂q和P₂m界面，綦江藻渡剖面^[26]；b.P₂q和P₂m界面，广元西北乡剖面；c.P₂m¹，“眼球眼皮”状灰岩(A为眼球，B为眼皮)，广元西北乡剖面；d.P₂m²(A为燧石条带)，剑阁马儿岩剖面；e.P₂m²，灰白色厚层状生物碎屑微晶灰岩，茂县燕子岩剖面；f.图片e镜下显微照片，单偏光；g.P₂m³，深灰色薄—中层状含生物碎屑微晶灰岩，城口渡口剖面；h.图片g镜下显微照片，单偏光；i.广元车家坝剖面(A为茅口组硅质岩，B为吴家坪组王坡页岩，C为吴家坪组灰岩)^[26]；j.YDD3井岩心(A为茅口组灰岩，B为风化壳，C为玄武岩)^[26]；k.绵阳千佛镇剖面(A为茅口组灰岩，B为玄武岩，C为吴家坪组灰岩)；l. P₂m⁴，中—厚层状微晶生物碎屑灰岩，茂县燕子岩剖面

Figure 4. Outcrop and microscopic characteristics of SQm1, SQm2 and SQm3 sequences, Sichuan Basin

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图 5 四川盆地中二叠世层序—岩相古地理分布

Figure 5. Sequence-lithofacies palaeogeography of Middle Permian, Sichuan Basin

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图 6 四川盆地及周缘中二叠统滩相白云岩储层特征

a.HS1井SQq2，白云岩中可见溶孔、溶洞发育；b.HS1井SQq2，中粗晶白云岩中可见晶间孔发育；c.广元长江沟SQq2，中粗晶白云岩中见溶洞发育；d.MX108井SQq2，中晶白云岩晶间孔发育

Figure 6. Characteristics of Middle Permian beach facies dolomite reservoirs in Sichuan Basin and its periphery

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图 7 四川盆地中二叠统SQm3沉积分异模式

a.YB8井SQm3，生屑灰岩；b.YB7井SQm3，亮晶生屑灰岩；c.旺苍正源SQm3，泥页岩发育；d.旺苍正源SQm3，硅质岩

Figure 7. Sedimentary differentiation model of Middle Permian SQm3 sequence, Sichuan Basin

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