Controlling effect of Late Paleozoic tectonic and sedimentary differentiation on multi-type gas reservoirs in Permian, Sichuan Basin
-
摘要: 基于晚古生代全球构造背景和上扬子地区构造环境、盆地原型及四川盆地二叠纪岩相古地理的分析,结合二叠系气藏特征和成藏条件认识,探讨了晚古生代构造—沉积分异对四川盆地二叠系多类型气藏的控制作用。结果表明,伸展背景下构造差异隆升或沉降形成隆凹相间的古地貌,导致四川盆地中二叠世—晚二叠世经历早期台地与台凹相间,晚期台地与裂陷槽(陆棚)相间的沉积格局的演化,台凹、潮坪—潟湖、斜坡、陆棚—盆地等相区(亚相—微相)控制发育的多套、多类型烃源岩,与受台地边缘礁滩、台内浅滩控制及后期成岩作用改造形成的多套、多类型储层构成下生上储、旁生侧储、自生自储等多种高效源储组合,构建了二叠系成藏的基本条件;多套、多类型储层是二叠系含气层系多、气藏类型多的根本原因。二叠系具备多领域、多类型、多层系综合、立体勘探的有利条件。Abstract: Based on the analysis of the Late Paleozoic global tectonic background and the tectonic environment of the Upper Yangtze area, the basin prototype and the Permian lithofacies paleogeography of the Sichuan Basin, combined with the understanding of the Permian gas reservoir characteristics and accumulation conditions, the controlling effect of the Late Paleozoic tectonic and sedimentary differentiation on the Permian multi-type gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin is discussed. Results showed that the tectonic differential uplift or subsidence under the extensional background formed the palaeogeomorphology of alternating uplift and depression, which led to the evolution of the sedimentary pattern from the Middle Permian to the Late Permian: platform alternating with platform and depression in the early stage, and platform alternating with rift trough (shelf) in the late stage. Multiple sets and types of source rocks formed in the platform sag, tidal plane-lagoon, slope, shelf-basin and other facies, sub-facies or micro-facies, and multiple sets and types of reservoirs controlled by beaches, platform edge sand and later diagenesis transformation constituted a variety of source-reservoir combinations such as lower generation and upper storage, side generation and side storage, self-generation and self-storage etc. These source-reservoir combinations constitute the basic conditions for hydrocarbon accumulations in Permian. Multiple sets and types of reservoirs are the fundamental reasons for the wide distribution of Permian gas-bearing strata and various gas reservoir types. The Permian strata has favorable conditions for comprehensive and three-dimensional exploration owing to multi-domain, multi-type and multi-layer.
-
表 1 四川盆地二叠系主要气藏类型成藏特征
Table 1. Accumulation characteristics of main types of Permian gas reservoirs in Sichuan Basin
气藏类型 烃源岩 储层类型 源储配置 典型气藏/井 台缘生物礁滩型 志留系泥页岩、中上二叠统陆棚—盆地深水暗色泥岩 台缘生物礁滩型储层 槽(旁)生缘(侧)储 普光长兴组气藏 台内滩型 台内白云岩储层 下生上储 角探1等井 不整合岩溶型 岩溶缝洞型储层 下生上储 蜀南气田群 灰泥灰岩型 茅一段灰泥灰岩烃源岩 茅一段灰泥灰岩 自生自储 潼探1等井 页岩气藏 吴家坪、龙潭等页岩发育层段 吴家坪、龙潭等页岩发育层段 自生自储 红页1等井 -
[1] 四川油气区石油地质志编写组. 中国石油地质志: 卷十四川油气区[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 1989.Sichuan Oil and Gas Field Drafting Group of Petroleum Geology of China. Petroleum geology of China: volume10[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1989. [2] 姜智利, 朱祥. 四川盆地元坝地区二叠系茅口组油气成藏特征及主控因素[J]. 石油实验地质, 2022, 44(4): 639-646. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202204639JIANG Zhili, ZHU Xiang. Hydrocarbon accumulation characte-ristics and main controlling factors for Permian Maokou Formation in Yuanba area, Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2022, 44(4): 639-646. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202204639 [3] 王利超, 周杨, 胡林辉, 等. 川西北下二叠统栖霞组斑马状白云岩地球化学特征及形成过程: 以ST18井为例[J]. 石油实验地质, 2022, 44(4): 647-654. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202204647WANG Lichao, ZHOU Yang, HU Linhui, et al. Geochemical characteristics and formation process of zebra dolomites in Lower Permian Qixia Formation, northwestern Sichuan Basin: a case study of well ST 18[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2022, 44(4): 647-654. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202204647 [4] 翟常博, 邓模, 曹清古, 等. 川东地区上二叠统龙潭组泥页岩基本特征及页岩气勘探潜力[J]. 石油实验地质, 2021, 43(6): 921-932. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202106921ZHAI Changbo, DENG Mo, CAO Qinggu, et al. Basic characteristics and exploration potential of shale gas in Longtan Formation of Upper Permian in eastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2021, 43(6): 921-932. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202106921 [5] 魏子博, 陈雷, 冯亮, 等. 川东奉节地区长兴组沉积相及储层发育特征[J]. 断块油气田, 2021, (6): 816-822. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKYT202106019.htmWEI Zibo, CHEN Lei, FENG Liang, et al. Sedimentary facies and reservoir development characteristics of Changxing Formation in Fengjie area, eastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2021, (6): 816-822. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKYT202106019.htm [6] 蔡珺君, 彭先, 李骞, 等. 四川盆地重点海相碳酸盐岩气藏产能评价现状及展望[J]. 断块油气田, 2021, (5): 655-660. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKYT202105016.htmCAI Junjun, PENG Xian, LI Qian, et al. Present situation and prospect of productivity evaluation of key marine carbonate gas reservoirs in Sichuan Basin[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2021, (5): 655-660. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKYT202105016.htm [7] 夏威, 蔡潇, 丁安徐, 等. 南川地区栖霞—茅口组碳酸盐岩储集空间研究[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2021, 11(2): 197-203. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KTDQ202102008.htmXIA Wei, CAI Xiao, DING Anxu, et al. Reservoir spaces of carbonate rocks in Qixia-Maokou Formation of Nanchuan area[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2021, 11(2): 197-203. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KTDQ202102008.htm [8] 陈鑫, 陈雷, 刘菲, 等. 川东地区长兴组生物礁发育特征与迁移规律[J]. 断块油气田, 2022, (1): 26-32. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKYT202201005.htmCHEN Xin, CHEN Lei, LIU Fei, et al. Development characteristics and migration law of Changxing Formation reefs in eastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2022, (1): 26-32. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKYT202201005.htm [9] 谢知含, 侯宇, 雷开强, 等. XC地区茅口组岩溶储层发育有利区预测[J]. 断块油气田, 2021, (2): 230-234. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKYT202102016.htmXIE Zhihan, HOU Yu, LEI Kaiqiang, et al. Prediction of favorable development area of Maokou Formation karst reservoir in XC area[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2021, (2): 230-234. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKYT202102016.htm [10] 郭旭升, 胡东风, 段金宝. 中国南方海相油气勘探展望[J]. 石油实验地质, 2020, 42(5): 675-686. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202005675GUO Xusheng, HU Dongfeng, DUAN Jinbao. Marine petroleum exploration in South China[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2020, 42(5): 675-686. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202005675 [11] 洪太元, 程喆, 许华明, 等. 四川盆地大中型气田形成的主控因素及勘探对策[J]. 石油实验地质, 2021, 43(3): 406-414. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202103406HONG Taiyuan, CHENG Zhe, XU Huaming, et al. Controlling factors and countermeasures for exploring large and medium-sized gas fields in Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2021, 43(3): 406-414. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202103406 [12] 郭旭升, 胡东风, 段金宝. 中国南方海相油气勘探展望[J]. 石油实验地质, 2020, 42(5): 675-686. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202005675GUO Xusheng, HU Dongfeng, DUAN Jinbao. Marine petroleum exploration in South China[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2020, 42(5): 675-686. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202005675 [13] 江青春, 胡素云, 汪泽成, 等. 四川盆地茅口组风化壳岩溶古地貌及勘探选区[J]. 石油学报, 2012, 33(6): 949-960. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB201206006.htmJIANG Qingchun, HU Suyun, WANG Zecheng, et al. Paleokarst landform of the weathering crust of Middle Permian Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin and selection of exploration regions[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012, 33(6): 949-960. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB201206006.htm [14] 郭旭升, 胡东风, 黄仁春, 等. 元坝长兴组超深层生物礁大气田优质储层发育机理[J]. 岩石学报, 2017, 33(4): 1107-1114. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB201704007.htmGUO Xusheng, HU Dongfeng, HUANG Renchun, et al. Developing mechanism for high quality reef reservoir (Changxing Formation) buried in ultra-depth in the big Yuanba Gas Field[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2017, 33(4): 1107-1114. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB201704007.htm [15] 杨光, 汪华, 沈浩, 等. 四川盆地中二叠统储层特征与勘探方向[J]. 天然气工业, 2015, 35(7): 10-16. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201507005.htmYANG Guang, WANG Hua, SHEN Hao, et al. Characteristics and exploration prospects of Middle Permian reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2015, 35(7): 10-16. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201507005.htm [16] 潘桂棠. 全球洋—陆转换中的特提斯演化[J]. 特提斯地质, 1994, 18: 23-39. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TTSD400.001.htmPAN Guitang. An evolution of Tethys in global ocean-continent transformation[J]. Ththyan Geology, 1994, 18: 23-39. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TTSD400.001.htm [17] 张旗, 张魁武, 李达同. 横断山区镁铁—超镁铁岩[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1992: 18-21.ZHANG Qi, ZHANG Kuiwu, LI Datong. Mafic and ultramafic rocks in the Hengduan Mountains[M]. Beijing: Science Industry, 1992: 18-21. [18] 赖绍聪, 杨瑞英, 张国伟. 南秦岭西乡群孙家河组火山岩形成构造背景及其大地构造意义的讨论[J]. 地质科学, 2001, 31(3): 295-303. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKX200103004.htmLAI Shaocong, YANG Ruiying, ZHANG Guowei. Tectonic setting and implication of the Sunjiahe volcanic rocks, Xixiang Group, in South Qinling[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology, 2001, 31(3): 295-303. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKX200103004.htm [19] 赖旭龙, 殷鸿福, 杨逢清. 秦岭三叠纪古海洋再造[J]. 地质科学: 中国地质大学学报, 1995, 20(6): 648-656. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX506.006.htmLAI Xulong, YIN Hongfu, YANG Fengqing. Reconstruction of the Qinling Triassic paleo-ocean[J]. Earth Science: Journal of China University of Geosciences, 1995, 20(6): 648-656. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX506.006.htm [20] 罗建宁, 张正贵. 三江特提斯沉积地质与成矿[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1995: 55-77.LUO Jianning, ZHANG Zhenggui. Sedimentary geology and mineralization of Sanjiang Tethys[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1995: 55-57. [21] 许效松, 徐强, 潘桂棠, 等. 中国南大陆古地理与Pangea对比[J]. 岩相古地理, 1996, 16(2): 1-23. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TTSD199602002.htmXU Xiaosong, XU Qiang, PAN Guitang, et al. Palaeogeography of the South China continent and its correlation with Pangea[J]. Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeography, 1996, 16(2): 1-23. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TTSD199602002.htm [22] 吴汉宁, 朱日祥, 白立新, 等. 扬子地块显生宙古地磁视极移曲线及地块运动特征[J]. 中国科学(地球科学), 1998, 28(S1): 69-78. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK1998S1008.htmWU Hanning, ZHU Rixiang, BAI Lixin, et al. Phanerozoic paleomagnetic apparent pole shift curve and block movement characteristics of the Yangtze block[J]. Science in China (Series D), 1998, 28(S1): 69-78. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK1998S1008.htm [23] 张国伟, 郭安林, 王岳军, 等. 中国华南大陆构造与问题[J]. 中国科学(地球科学), 2013, 43(10): 1553-1582. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK201310003.htmZHANG Guowei, GUO Anlin, WANG Yuejun, et al. Tectonics of South China continent and its implications[J]. Science China (Earth Sciences), 2013, 56(11): 1804-1828. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK201310003.htm [24] 张国伟, 董云鹏, 赖绍聪, 等. 秦岭—大别造山带南缘勉略构造带与勉略缝合带[J]. 中国科学(D辑), 2003, 33(12): 1121-1135. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK200312000.htmZHANG Guowei, DONG Yunpeng, LAI Shaocong, et al. The Mianlue tectonic belt and the Mianlue suture on the southern margin of the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt[J]. Science in China (Series D), 2003, 33(12): 1121-1135. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK200312000.htm [25] 张旗, 钱青, 王焰, 等. 扬子地块西南缘晚古生代基性岩浆岩的性质与古特提斯洋的演化[J]. 岩石学报1999, 15(4): 576-583. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB199904009.htmZHANG Qi, QIAN Qing, WANG Yan, et al. Late Paleozoic basic magmatism from SW Yangtze massif and evolution of the Paleo-Tethyan ocean[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 1999, 15(4): 576-583. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB199904009.htm [26] 罗志立. 峨眉地裂运动的厘定及其意义[J]. 四川地质学报, 1989, 9(1): 1-17. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SCDB198901000.htmLUO Zhili. Determination and significance of Emei Taphrogenesis[J]. Acta Geologica Sichuan, 1989, 9(1): 1-17. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SCDB198901000.htm [27] 刘树根, 罗志立. 四川龙门山地区的峨眉地裂运动[J]. 四川地质学报, 1991, 11(3): 174-180. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SCDB199103003.htmLIU Shugen, LUO Zhili. The Emei taphrogenesis in the Longmenshan area of Sichuan[J]. Acta Geologica Sichuan, 1991, 11(3): 174-180. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SCDB199103003.htm [28] 姚倩颖, 刘一锋, 江青春, 等. 川北—川东地区中二叠世晚期地层划分新认识及地质意义[J]. 石油实验地质, 2021, 43(2): 276-287. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202102276YAO Qianying, LIU Yifeng, JIANG Qingchun, et al. Geological significance of late Mid-Permian stratigraphy in northern and eastern Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2021, 43(2): 276-287. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202102276 [29] 施泽进, 夏文谦, 王勇, 等. 四川盆地东南部茅口组古岩溶特征及识别[J]. 岩石学报, 2014, 30(3): 622-630. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB201403002.htmSHI Zejin, XIA Wenqian, WANG Yong, et al. Characteristics and identification of paleokarst in the Maokou Formation in the southeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2014, 30(3): 622-630. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB201403002.htm [30] 罗志立. 峨眉地裂运动和四川盆地天然气勘探实践[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2009, 30(4): 419-424. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJSD200904008.htmLUO Zhili. Emei Taphrogenesis and natural gas prospecting practices in Sichuan Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2009, 30(4): 419-424. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJSD200904008.htm [31] 罗志立, 孙玮, 韩建辉, 等. 峨眉地幔柱对中上扬子区二叠纪成藏条件影响的探讨[J]. 地学前缘, 2012, 19(6): 144-154. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY201206019.htmLUO Zhili, SUN Wei, HAN Jianhui, et al. Effect of Emei mantle plume on the conditions of Permian accumulation in Middle-Upper Yangtze area[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2012, 19(6): 144-154. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY201206019.htm [32] 马永生, 牟传龙, 谭钦银, 等. 关于开江—梁平海槽的认识[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2006, 27(3): 326-331. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT200603005.htmMA Yongsheng, MOU Chuanlong, TAN Qinyin, et al. A discussion on Kaijiang-Liangping ocean trough[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2006, 27(3): 326-331. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT200603005.htm [33] 罗开平, 曹清古, 彭金宁, 等. 四川盆地德阳—武胜拉张槽西段构造—沉积特征及勘探领域[J]. 石油实验地质, 2020, 42(2): 163-171. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202002163LUO Kaiping, CAO Qinggu, PENG Jinning, et al. Tectonic-sedimentary characteristics and exploration plays in the western section of Deyang-Wusheng Intracratonic Sag, Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2020, 42(2): 163-171. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202002163 [34] 张玺华, 彭瀚霖, 文龙, 等. 四川盆地西北部灯影组深水沉积的发现及油气地质意义[J]. 天然气勘探与开发, 2020, 43(4): 10-21. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRKT202004003.htmZHANG Xihua, PENG Hanlin, WEN Long, et al. Discovery of deep-water deposits in northwest Sichuan Basin during Dengyingian period: implications for petroleum geology[J]. Natural Gas Exploration and Development, 2020, 43(4): 10-21. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRKT202004003.htm [35] 刘树根, 孙玮, 宋金民, 等. 四川盆地海相油气分布的构造控制理论[J]. 地学前缘, 2015, 22(3): 146-160. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY201503015.htmLIU Shugen, SUN Wei, SONG Jinmin, et al. Tectonics-controlled distribution of marine petroleum accumulations in the Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2015, 22(3): 146-160. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY201503015.htm [36] 牟传龙, 马永生, 王瑞华, 等. 川东北地区上二叠统盘龙洞生物礁成岩作用研究[J]. 沉积与特提斯地质, 2005, 25(1/2): 198-202. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TTSD2005Z1034.htmMOU Chuanlong, MA Yongsheng, WANG Ruihua, et al. Diagenesis of the Upper Permian Panlongdong organic reefs in northeastern Sichuan[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 2005, 25(1/2): 198-202. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TTSD2005Z1034.htm [37] 沈安江, 陈娅娜, 蒙绍兴, 等. 中国海相碳酸盐岩储层研究进展及油气勘探意义[J]. 海相油气地质, 2019, 24(4): 1-14. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HXYQ201904001.htmSHEN Anjiang, CHEN Yanan, MENG Shaoxing, et al. The research progress of marine carbonate reservoirs in China and its significance for oil and gas exploration[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2019, 24(4): 1-14. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HXYQ201904001.htm [38] 郭旭升, 李宇平, 魏全超. 川东南地区茅口组古岩溶发育特征及勘探领域[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 34(6): 1-8. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XNSY201206002.htmGUO Xusheng, LI Yuping, WEI Quanchao. Palaeokarst reservoirs and exploration areas of Maokou Formation in the southeast of Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition), 2012, 34(6): 1-8. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XNSY201206002.htm [39] 郭旭升, 黄仁春, 付孝悦, 等. 四川盆地二叠系和三叠系礁滩天然气富集规律与勘探方向[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2014, 35(3): 295-302. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT201403002.htmGUO Xusheng, HUANG Renchun, FU Xiaoyue, et al. Gas accumulation and exploration direction of the Permian and Triassic reservoirs of reef-bank facies in Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2014, 35(3): 295-302. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT201403002.htm