Characterization of oil-bearing properties in sub-micron shale pores by laser scanning confocal microscopy technology: a case study of shale in Lucaogou Formation, Junggar Basin
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摘要: 亚微米级孔隙及其含油性是页岩油勘探开发所需的重要信息。为应用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜有效观测亚微米级孔隙的含油性，修改了激光扫描共聚焦显微镜主分光器和检测器的前置滤光片配置，使之能较好地进行反射光和荧光联合扫描，消除矿物所发荧光的干扰，实现了亚微米级孔隙及其含油性的精确观测。该方法在准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组页岩油研究中进行了应用，发现了大量的亚微米级含油孔隙；页岩油多呈不规则形状、斑块状和星点状。这套页岩的有机质成熟度Ro为0.6%~1.1%，平均约为0.9%，但轻、重质组分的分布具有显著的非均一性，不完全受成熟度控制。在有些部位，轻质组分含量及其与重质组分的比值均较高，但在成熟度相近甚至稍高的邻近部位，却存在以重质组分为主的情况。页岩层系内部的油气运移也是一个重要的控制因素。页岩中的轻质和重质组分的观测与分布规律研究，对于页岩油勘探开发十分重要，激光扫描共聚焦显微新技术可成为重要的观测手段。Abstract: Sub-micron pores and their oil-bearing properties are important information for the exploration and development of shale oil. For effective observation on oil-bearing properties of sub-micron pores by laser scanning confocal microscopy, prefilter allocation of main light splitter and detector in laser scanning confocal microscopy was modified in order to conduct combined scanning of reflected light and fluorescent light well, eliminate fluorescence interference from the minerals, and then accomplish accurate observation on sub-micron pores and their oil-bearing properties. This method was applied in the study on Lucaogou Formation shale oil in the Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin. Most of shale oil occurred in irregular, patchy and star forms. The organic matter maturity of this shale (Ro) was in the range of 0.6%-1.1% and roughly 0.9% in average. However, the distribution of light and heavy components was significantly heterogeneous and controlled by the maturity incompletely. In some positions, both light component content and its ratio with heavy component content were high, while there were mainly heavy components in the places with approximate maturity or in adjacent high places. Hydrocarbon migration in shale sequences is also a crucial controlling factor. The observation on light and heavy components in the shale and the study on their distribution regularities are critical for the exploration and development of shale oil. New technology of laser scanning confocal microscopy could act as an important observation measure.
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Key words:
- laser confocal scanning microscopy /
- light components /
- heavy components /
- pore /
- sub-micron /
- Jimsar Sag /
- Junggar Basin
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图 1 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷吉33井3 667.8 m岩心样品的反射光扫描图
绿色表示样品表面的强反射光，黑色为弱反射光或无反射
Figure 1. Reflected light scanning photographs of core samples at the depth of 3 667.8 m from well Ji 33, Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin
图 2 松辽盆地英32井1 813.85 m钙质粉砂岩的紫外荧光照片和反射光—荧光双通道扫描结果
Figure 2. Ultra-violet fluorescence photographs and dual-channel reflected-fluorescent light scanning results of calcareous siltstone at the depth of 1 813.85 m in well Ying 32, Songliao Basin
图 3 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷吉251井3 598.22 m钙质页岩样品的荧光显微镜照片和激光扫描共聚焦反射光—荧光联合扫描图
Figure 3. Fluorescence microscopic photograph and combined laser scanning confocal reflected light-fluorescent light photographs of calcareous shale samples at the depth of 3 598.22 m in well Ji 251, Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin
图 4 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组吉41井样品轻质组分和重质组分微束荧光测试区(红色圆圈)
Figure 4. Micro-beam fluorescence test positions (red circle) of light and heavy components in Lucaogou Formation samples from well Ji 41, Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin
图 5 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组页岩样品荧光主峰波长(λmax)与红绿商(Q650/500)的交会图
Figure 5. Cross-plots of the fluorescence main peak wavelength (λmax) and red-green entropy (Q650/500) of shale samples from Lucaogou Formation, Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin
图 6 准噶尔盆地玛页1井4 911.05 m岩心样品反射光—荧光双通道扫描图
Figure 6. Dual-channel scanning photographs of reflected light and fluorescence light in core samples at the depth of 4 911.05 m in well Maye 1, Junggar Basin
图 8 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷吉41井芦草沟组一段二砂组测井与激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观测结果综合图
总组分=轻质组分+重质组分
Figure 8. Composite diagram of observation results from logging and laser scanning confocal microscopy in the second sand group, the first member of Lucaogou Formation, from well Ji 41, Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin
图 9 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷吉41井4 053.65 m粉砂质泥岩岩心样品中原油赋存状态激光共聚焦扫描图
黄、橙、红色反映重质组分，绿色反映轻质组分
Figure 9. Laser confocal scanning photographs of crude oil occurrence state in core samples of silty mudstone at the depth of 4 053.65 m from well Ji 41, Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin
图 10 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷吉41井典型样品的反射光—荧光联合扫描叠置图
Figure 10. Superimposed photographs of combined reflected light-fluorenscent light scanning on typical samples from well Ji 41, Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin
表 1 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷吉41井芦草沟组一段页岩样品的荧光光谱参数
Table 1. Fluorescence spectrum parameters of shale samples from the first member of Lucaogou Formation in well Ji 41, Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin
样点号 深度/m λmax/nm Q650/500 样点号 深度/m λmax/nm Q650/500 1 3 917.00 477 0.26 12 3 920.00 528 0.52 2 3 917.00 581 1.38 13 3 920.00 586 1.27 3 3 920.00 602 1.65 14 3 920.00 613 1.78 4 3 920.00 533 0.48 15 3 927.00 589 1.31 5 3 920.00 543 0.59 16 3 927.00 595 1.47 6 3 920.00 599 1.69 17 3 927.00 594 1.55 7 3 920.00 514 0.31 18 4 057.44 480 0.24 8 3 920.00 491 0.43 19 4 073.00 589 1.37 9 3 920.00 479 0.35 20 4 073.00 478 0.27 10 3 920.00 516 0.46 21 4 079.00 477 0.24 11 3 920.00 493 0.42 
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表 2 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷吉41井4 053.65 m粉砂质泥岩轻、重质组分含量、总组分含量和轻重均值比
Table 2. Light and heavy components content, total components content and average ratio of light/heavy of silty mudstone at the depth of 4 053.65 m in well Ji 41, Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin
区域 轻质组分/% 重质组分/% 总组分/% 轻重比 视域1 1.06 0.93 1.99 1.14 视域2 0.30 0.61 0.92 0.49 视域3 0.31 0.55 0.86 0.57 视域4 0.20 0.55 0.75 0.37 视域5 0.69 0.40 1.09 1.74 平均 0.51 0.61 1.12 轻重均值比 0.85
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