塔里木盆地顺北特深碳酸盐岩储层天然裂缝实验评价及油气意义

李映涛; 汝智星; 邓尚; 林会喜; 韩俊; 张继标; 黄诚

doi:10.11781/sysydz202303422

塔里木盆地顺北特深碳酸盐岩储层天然裂缝实验评价及油气意义

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202303422

1.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
2.
中国石化西北油田分公司, 乌鲁木齐 830013

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金项目 U21B2063

详细信息

作者简介:
李映涛(1986—)，男，博士，副研究员，从事碳酸盐岩储层地质力学方面的研究。E-mail: liyt.syky@sinopec.com

中图分类号: TE122.23
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-22
- 修回日期: 2023-04-12
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-28

Experimental evaluation and hydrocarbon significance of natural fractures in Shunbei ultra-deep carbonate reservoir, Tarim Basin

1.
SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 100083, China
2.
SINOPEC Northwest Oil Field Company, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830013, China

摘要

摘要: 塔里木盆地顺北特深碳酸盐岩走滑断控油气藏储量丰富，大型走滑断裂和天然裂缝是油气主要储存空间和流动通道，研究此类储层的天然裂缝发育特征具有重要的意义。以顺北地区5口钻井储层段39块灰岩样品和7块白云岩样品为研究对象，通过对实钻取心样品开展岩相薄片分析、天然裂缝精细描述和脆性实验评价，研究顺北储层天然裂缝发育主控因素和影响规律。顺北地区中、下奥陶统鹰山组和一间房组储层岩性为白云岩和灰岩，岩相包括颗粒灰岩、粒泥灰岩、泥粒灰岩、粘结岩、泥灰岩、硅化灰岩和粉细晶白云岩、中粗晶白云岩；在灰岩样品中，泥灰岩脆性指数和天然裂缝发育密度最高，粘结岩脆性指数和天然裂缝发育密度最低；在白云岩样品中，中粗晶白云岩的脆性指数高于粉细晶白云岩，且样品晶粒越粗，天然裂缝越发育。天然裂缝发育密度与岩石样品脆性指数之间存在明显正相关关系；白云岩的孔渗物性和脆性指数高于灰岩，在相同脆性指数条件下，灰岩的裂缝发育能力更强。因此，灰岩地层中的高脆性段更有可能成为顺北地区的地质甜点区。
- 裂缝发育特征 /
- 脆性指数 /
- 特深层储层 /
- 碳酸盐岩 /
- 走滑断控油气藏 /
- 顺北地区 /
- 塔里木盆地
Abstract: There are abundant hydrocarbon resources in the strike-slip fault-controlled ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs in the Shunbei area, Tarim Basin. Large strike-slip faults and natural fractures are the main storage space and flow channel of hydrocarbon resources. It is of great significance to study the natural fracture development characteristics in such reservoirs. 39 limestone samples and 7 dolomite samples from 5 wells in Shunbei area are taken as research objects. Through the analysis of thin section of lithofacies, fine description of natural fractures and brittleness test evaluation of core samples, the main controlling factors and influence laws of natural fracture development in Shunbei reservoir are studied. It is found that the reservoir lithology of Middle and Lower Ordovician Yingshan Formation and Yijianfang Formation in Shunbei area is dolomite and limestone, and the lithofacies include grainstone, wackestone, packstone, boundstone, muddy limestone, silicified limestone, silty-fine crystal dolomite and medium-coarse crystal dolomite. In limestone samples, muddy limestone has the highest brittleness index and natural fracture development density, while boundstone has the lowest brittleness index and natural fracture development density. In dolomite samples, the brittleness index of medium-coarse crystalline dolomite is higher than that of silty-fine crystal dolomite, and the coarser the grains are, the more developed the natural fractures are. There is a positive correlation between the natural fracture development density and the brittleness index of rock samples. The porosity, permeability and brittleness index of dolomite are higher than those of limestone. Under the same brittleness index, the fracture development ability of limestone is stronger. Therefore, the highly brittle section of limestone stratum is more likely to be the geological sweet spot in Shunbei area.
- natural fracture development characteristics /
- brittleness index /
- ultra-deep reservoir /
- carbonate reservoir /
- strike-slip fault-controlled reservoir /
- Shunbei area /
- Tarim Basin

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图 1 塔里木盆地顺北及邻区主要构造单元分布

Figure 1. Distribution of major tectonic units in Shunbei area and its adjacent regions, Tarim Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 塔里木盆地大湾沟地区奥陶系鹰山组灰岩野外露头断裂裂缝系统发育特征

Figure 2. Characteristics of fault-fracture system in Ordovician Yingshan Formation outcrop in Dawangou area, Tarim Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 塔里木盆地顺北S-47井储层段天然裂缝走向(a)与倾角(b)统计

Figure 3. Strike (a) and dip angle (b) of natural fractures in reservoir interval of well S-47, Shunbei area, Tarim Basin

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图 4 塔里木盆地顺北地区奥陶系储层岩石样品天然裂缝开度统计

Figure 4. Opening of natural fractures of Ordovician reservoir cores in Shunbei area, Tarim Basin

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图 5 塔里木盆地顺北地区储层岩石样品天然裂缝

Figure 5. Natural fractures of rock samples from Shunbei reservoir, Tarim Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 塔里木盆地顺北地区实验用典型岩石样品

Figure 6. Some typical rock samples for experiment, Shunbei area, Tarim Basin

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图 7 塔里木盆地顺北地区中、下奥陶统鹰山组和一间房组碳酸盐岩薄片特征(单偏振光)

Figure 7. Thin section characteristics of carbonate rocks in Middle and Lower Ordovician Yingshan Formation and Yijianfang Formation, Shunbei area, Tarim Basin (single polarized light)

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图 8 塔里木盆地顺北地区不同岩相样品裂缝发育密度

Figure 8. Fracture development density of different lithofacies samples from Shunbei area, Tarim Basin

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图 9 塔里木盆地顺北地区储层岩石样品裂缝发育与脆性指数之间的关系

Figure 9. Relationship between fracture development and brittleness index of rock samples from Shunbei area, Tarim Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 塔里木盆地顺北地区储层岩石样品天然裂缝发育密度与脆性指数的关系

Figure 10. Relationship between natural fracture development density and brittleness index of rock samples from Shunbei area, Tarim Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 塔里木盆地顺北地区S-16井轨迹及断裂发育地质模式

Figure 11. Geological model of trajectory and faults, well S-16, Shunbei area, Tarim Basin

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表 1 塔里木盆地顺北地区储层岩石样品裂缝发育特征统计

Table 1. Statistics of fracture development characteristics of rock samples from Shunbei area, Tarim Basin

岩性	井名	数量	取样深度/m	层位	岩相	层理缝密度/(条/样品)	构造裂缝密度/(条/样品)	天然裂缝平均密度/(条/样品)
灰岩	S-16	4	6 470.66，6 467.15，6 467.60，6 469.27	一间房组	硅化岩	0	1.25	1.25
	S-41	2	7 535.39，7 538.75	一间房组	粘结岩	1	0	0.50
	S-14	3	6 782.51，6 732.43，6 733.69	一间房组	粘结岩	0	0.33	0.50
	S-41	7	7 536.30，7 536.70，7 537.22，7 537.65，7 537.75，7 538.73，7 538.85	一间房组	泥粒灰岩	1	0.57	1.57
	S-41	9	7 539.13，7 539.31，7 539.08，7 539.30，7 540.77，7 541.11，7 541.21，7 541.70，7 541.91	一间房组	颗粒灰岩	2	0.33	1.42
	S-14	7	6 739.39，6 740.42，6 781.13，6 772.59，6 785.74，6 772.29，6 773.38	一间房组		0	0.71
	S-16	1	6 468.94	一间房组		0	1
	SY-1	2	6 646.62，6 647.58	一间房组		0	0
	S-41	3	7 542.66，7 543.05，7 543.6	一间房组	粒泥灰岩	1	2	3
	SY-1	1	6 648.05	一间房组	泥灰岩	3	0	3
白云岩	SP-1	3	7 718.19，7 719.56，7 720.66	鹰山组	粉细晶白云岩	0	0	0
白云岩	SP-1	4	7 729.61，7 730.28，7 730.86，7 731.11	鹰山组	中粗晶白云岩	0	1	1

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表 2 塔里木盆地顺北地区储层岩石样品力学参数及脆性指数统计

Table 2. Statistics of mechanical parameters and brittleness index of rock samples from Shunbei area, Tarim Basin

样品编号	体积密度/(g·cm^-3)	纵波时差/(μs·m^-1)	横波时差/(μs·m^-1)	剪切模量/GPa	杨氏模量/GPa	泊松比	脆性指数	岩相
S-1	2.728	166.439	313.837	27.700	72.260	0.304	0.522	颗粒灰岩
S-2	2.750	174.857	326.669	25.771	66.963	0.299	0.451
S-3	2.722	174.806	326.724	25.496	66.262	0.299	0.437
S-4	2.714	176.312	324.640	25.755	66.489	0.291	0.476
S-5	2.704	169.688	328.833	25.008	65.947	0.319	0.354
S-6	2.713	334.985	604.050	25.252	65.774	0.302	0.417
S-7	2.716	176.276	331.843	24.662	64.290	0.303	0.387
S-8	2.713	341.626	606.175	26.280	67.553	0.285	0.517
S-9	2.693	171.843	322.184	25.946	67.521	0.301	0.452
S-10	2.718	350.675	636.818	27.211	71.555	0.315	0.468
S-11	2.723	183.050	328.797	25.186	64.244	0.275	0.499
S-12	2.710	172.598	323.901	25.827	67.238	0.302	0.445
S-13	2.697	331.424	599.603	26.841	70.173	0.307	0.474
S-14	2.727	166.083	313.153	27.807	72.538	0.304	0.527
S-15	2.719	158.615	311.979	27.932	74.060	0.326	0.467
S-16	2.709	189.924	322.592	23.431	59.669	0.273	0.428
S-17	2.678	203.297	357.782	20.918	52.779	0.262	0.355
S-18	2.704	355.342	631.133	23.793	61.203	0.286	0.403
S-19	2.705	185.997	335.519	24.033	61.437	0.278	0.439
S-20	2.709	171.954	324.064	25.795	67.276	0.304	0.436	泥粒灰岩
S-21	2.720	170.379	320.279	26.514	69.077	0.303	0.474
S-22	2.715	165.807	320.291	26.464	69.704	0.317	0.427
S-23	2.712	169.402	327.735	25.253	66.553	0.318	0.368
S-24	2.712	162.181	313.437	27.600	72.710	0.317	0.478
S-25	2.705	168.630	320.417	26.344	68.939	0.308	0.448
S-26	2.698	171.595	323.035	25.851	67.392	0.303	0.441
S-27	2.710	167.690	316.541	27.047	70.590	0.305	0.491	粒泥灰岩
S-28	2.731	171.999	322.612	26.239	68.297	0.301	0.465
S-29	2.728	166.855	322.781	26.181	68.996	0.318	0.411
S-30	2.705	343.395	613.517	24.389	63.034	0.292	0.351	粘结岩
S-31	2.716	338.242	617.805	24.685	64.976	0.316	0.347
S-32	2.737	166.374	316.558	27.315	71.521	0.309	0.383
S-33	2.730	160.098	311.187	28.190	74.422	0.320	0.405
S-34	2.599	220.357	360.724	19.975	48.035	0.202	0.492	硅化岩
S-35	2.675	204.219	360.114	20.626	52.099	0.263	0.447
S-36	2.709	198.312	344.915	22.772	57.071	0.253	0.474
S-37	2.699	218.195	377.262	18.961	47.352	0.249	0.392
S-38	2.713	200.267	367.282	20.110	51.821	0.288	0.359
S-39	2.729	176.204	319.113	26.799	68.642	0.281	0.555	泥灰岩
S-40	2.793	351.105	601.742	25.746	63.807	0.239	0.639	粉细晶白云岩
S-41	2.801	192.518	329.330	25.830	64.080	0.240	0.638
S-42	2.795	350.021	595.536	25.970	63.808	0.228	0.682
S-43	2.760	193.467	323.434	26.388	64.461	0.221	0.722	中粗晶白云岩
S-44	2.816	187.875	322.560	27.067	67.303	0.243	0.683
S-45	2.826	179.620	302.197	30.944	75.927	0.227	0.901
S-46	2.835	190.357	321.666	27.401	67.436	0.231	0.737

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