昭通东北地区五峰组-龙马溪组龙一<sub>1</sub>亚段页岩岩相类型及其储层特征

任官宝; 陈雷; 计玉冰; 程青松

doi:10.11781/sysydz202303443

昭通东北地区五峰组-龙马溪组龙一₁亚段页岩岩相类型及其储层特征

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202303443

任官宝^{1, 2, 3,},
陈雷^{1, 2, 3, ,},
计玉冰⁴,
程青松⁴

1.
西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院, 成都 610500
2.
天然气地质四川省重点实验室, 成都 610500
3.
中国石油天然气集团有限公司碳酸盐岩储层重点实验室西南石油大学研究分室, 成都 610500
4.
中国石油浙江油田公司, 杭州 310023

基金项目:

国家自然科技基金青年科学基金项目 41602147

中国石油—西南石油大学创新联合体科技合作项目 2020CX020000

详细信息

作者简介:
任官宝(2000—)，男，硕士生，从事页岩气储层研究。E-mail: 2843153762@qq.com

通讯作者:
陈雷(1985—), 男, 博士, 副教授, 从事非常规油气地质、碳酸盐岩沉积与储层等研究。E-mail: cl211@126.com

中图分类号: TE122.23
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-08
- 修回日期: 2023-04-10
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-28

Shale lithofacies types and reservoir characteristics from Ordovician Wufeng Formation to the first sub-member of the first member of Silurian Longmaxi Formation, northeast Zhaotong area

REN Guanbao^{1, 2, 3
,},
CHEN Lei^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
JI Yubing⁴,
CHENG Qingsong⁴

1.
School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
2.
Natural Gas Geology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
3.
Southwest Petroleum University Division of Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs, CNPC, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
4.
PetroChina Zhejiang Oilfield Company, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China

摘要

摘要: 页岩岩相对页岩储层有着重要的影响，一定程度上控制着页岩的生烃能力、储集和压裂性能。基于岩心、薄片、X射线衍射及各类地化测试数据，对昭通东北地区上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩岩相特征、储层特征和评价进行了研究。研究区主要发育含灰/硅混合质页岩相、混合质页岩相、含黏土/硅混合质页岩相、混合硅质页岩相、含黏土硅质页岩相，南部与北部岩相纵向分布存在差异，南部五峰组—龙一₁亚段岩相呈现出从黏土质页岩相组合向硅质页岩相组合再向混合质页岩相组合过渡的特征，北部呈现出从混合质页岩相组合向硅质页岩相组合再向混合质页岩相组合的过渡趋势；横向上岩相展布非均质性强，连续性差。不同岩相储层特征存在差异，硅质页岩储层性能较好，具有有机碳(TOC)含量高、含气量高、脆性矿物含量高的特征；黏土质页岩TOC含量和含气量较高，但脆性矿物含量极低；混合质页岩储层性质复杂，总体上硅质含量高的混合质页岩储层性质较好。基于TOC含量、含气量、脆性矿物含量，利用层次分析法和熵值法相结合的方法，建立了页岩岩相评价标准，确定了优势岩相，研究区混合硅质页岩相、含灰硅质页岩相和含灰/硅混合质页岩相为Ⅰ类优势岩相；含黏土硅质页岩相、混合质页岩相和含黏土/硅混合质页岩相为Ⅱ类优势岩相；混合黏土质页岩相和含硅黏土质页岩相为非优势岩相。
- 页岩岩相 /
- 储层特征 /
- 储层评价 /
- 五峰组 /
- 奥陶系 /
- 龙马溪组 /
- 志留系 /
- 昭通地区
Abstract: Shale lithofacies has an important influence on shale reservoirs. It controls the hydrocarbon generation capacity, storage performance and fracturing performance of shale to a certain extent. In order to study the shale lithofacies characteristics, reservoir characteristics and evaluation of Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in the northeast Zhaotong area, a detailed research was carried out based on core, thin section, X-ray diffraction and various geochemical test data. Calcareous/siliceous mixed shale lithofacies, mixed shale lithofacies, clayey/siliceous mixed shale lithofacies, mixed siliceous shale lithofacies, clay-rich siliceous shale lithofacies are developed in the study area. There is a difference in the vertical distribution of lithofacies between the south and the north of the study area. The lithofacies from Wufeng Formation to the first sub-member of the first member of Longmaxi Formation (Long1-1 submember) presents the characteristics of transition from clayey shale lithofacies associa- tion to siliceous shale lithofacies association and then to mixed shale lithofacies association in the southern area, while the northern area shows a transition trend from mixed shale lithofacies association to siliceous shale lithofacies association and then to mixed shale lithofacies association. Horizontally, the lithofacies distribution is highly heterogeneous and has poor continuity. The reservoir characteristics of different lithofacies are different. Siliceous shale has good reservoir properties, with the characteristics of "high TOC content, high gas content and high brittle mineral content". The TOC content and gas content of clayey shale are high, but the content of brittle minerals is very low. The properties of mixed shale reservoirs are complex, and generally, the mixed shale reservoirs with high siliceous content have better properties. Based on TOC content, gas content and brittle mineral content, the shale lithofacies evaluation standard is established by combining analytic hierarchy process and entropy method, and the dominant lithofacies are determined. Mixed siliceous shale lithofacies, calcium-rich siliceous shale litho- facies, calcareous/siliceous mixed shale lithofaciesis are class Ⅰ dominant lithofacies; clay-rich siliceous shale lithofacies, mixed shale lithofacies and clayey/siliceous mixed shale lithofacies are class Ⅱ dominant lithofacies; mixed clayey shale lithofacies and silicon-rich clayey shale lithofacies are non-dominant lithofacies.
- shale lithofacies /
- reservoir characteristics /
- reservoir evaluation /
- Wufeng Formation /
- Ordovician /
- Longmaxi Formation /
- Silurian /
- Zhaotong area

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图 1 昭通东北地区区域构造地质图与岩性柱状图

据文献[20]修改。

Figure 1. Regional tectonic geological map and lithologic histogram of northeast Zhaotong area

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图 2 昭通东北地区奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙一₁亚段页岩岩相划分三端元图

底图据文献[16]，有修改。
C-1.灰质页岩相；C-2.混合灰质页岩相；C-3.含硅灰质页岩相；C-4.含黏土灰质页岩；M-1.含灰/硅混合质页岩相；M-2.混合质页岩相；M-3.含黏土/灰混合质页岩相；M-4.含黏土/硅混合质页岩相；S-1.硅质页岩相；S-2.混合硅质页岩相；S-3.含灰硅质页岩相；S-4.含黏土硅质页岩相；CM-1.黏土质页岩相；CM-2.混合黏土质页岩相；CM-3.含灰黏土质页岩相；CM-4.含硅黏土质页岩相

Figure 2. Three terminal diagram of shale lithofacies division from Ordovician Wufeng Formation to the first section of the first member of Silurian Longmaxi Formation in northeast Zhaotong area

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图 3 昭通东北地区奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙一₁亚段页岩主要岩相岩心特征

a.M-1，发育水平层理，YS4井，1 638.86~1 639.19 m，2小层；b.M-1，发育笔石，YS6井，1 998.34~1 998.49 m，3小层；c.M-2，发育直管笔石，YS4井，1 647.47~1 647.48 m，五峰组；d.M-2，发育大量被方解石充填的高角度缝，YS4井，1 648.66~1 648.71 m，五峰组；e.M-4，可见水平层理和被方解石充填的高角度裂缝，YS4井，1 622.04~1 622.16 m，4小层；f.S-2，可见厚约1 cm的黄铁矿条带，YS6井，2 004.73~2 004.77 m，3小层；g.S-2，发育笔石，YS6井，2 004.73~2 004.77 m，3小层；h.S-4，层理发育程度差，YS4井，1 635.84~1 636.20 m，3小层；i.S-4，发育笔石，YS4井，1 635.84~1 636.20 m，3小层

Figure 3. Core characteristics of main shale lithofacies from Ordovician Wufeng Formation to the first section of the first member of Silurian Longmaxi Formation in northeast Zhaotong area

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图 4 昭通东北地区奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙一₁亚段页岩主要岩相镜下特征

a.M-1，可见棘皮碎屑，YS4井，1 644.29 m，1小层，单偏光；b.M-1，可见未充填的微裂缝，YS8井，1 984.62 m，2小层，单偏光；c.M-2，微裂缝发育，Y3井，1 068.1 m，3小层，单偏光；d.M-2，硅质纹层与黏土纹层互层，Y5井，1 659.96 m，4小层，单偏光；e.M-4，碳质条带呈定向排列，部分碳质条带半充填于微裂缝中，YS4井，1 619.71 m，4小层，单偏光；f.S-2，发育近圆形碳质颗粒，石英颗粒磨圆度较高，YS4井，1 640.98 m，2小层，单偏光；g.S-2，可见近圆形黄铁矿和碳质条带，YS4井，1 624.84 m，4小层，正交光；h.S-4，较发育黄铁矿，可见黄铁矿呈条带状分布，YS4井，1 636.39 m，2小层，单偏光；i.S-4，可见未被充填的微裂缝，YS5井，1 081.23 m，3小层，单偏光

Figure 4. Microscopic characteristics of main shale lithofacies from Ordovician Wufeng Formation to the first section of the first member of Silurian Longmaxi Formation in northeast Zhaotong area

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图 5 昭通东北地区Y4井奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙一₁亚段岩相柱状图

Figure 5. Lithofacies histogram from Ordovician Wufeng Formation to the first section of the first member of Silurian Longmaxi Formation, well Y4, northeast Zhaotong area

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图 6 昭通东北地区YS8井奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙一₁亚段岩相柱状图

Figure 6. Lithofacies histogram from Ordovician Wufeng Formation to the first section of the first member of Silurian Longmaxi Formation, well YS8, northeast Zhaotong area

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图 7 昭通东北地区奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙一₁亚段南西—北东向岩相连井剖面

Figure 7. SW-NE lithofacies cross section from Ordovician Wufeng Formation to the first section of the first member of Silurian Longmaxi Formation, northeast Zhaotong area

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图 8 昭通东北地区奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙一₁亚段不同岩相TOC含量、含气量和脆性矿物含量柱状图

CM-2.混合黏土质页岩相；CM-4.含硅黏土质页岩相；M-1.含灰/硅混合质页岩相；M-2.混合质页岩相；M-4.含黏土/硅混合质页岩相；S-2.混合硅质页岩相；S-3.含灰硅质页岩相；S-4.含黏土硅质页岩相

Figure 8. TOC content, gas content and brittle mineral content histogram of different lithofacies from Ordovician Wufeng Formation to the first section of the first member of Silurian Longmaxi Formation, northeast Zhaotong area

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图 9 优势岩相划分的层次结构模型

Figure 9. Hierarchical structure model of dominant lithofacies division

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表 1 判断矩阵标度

Table 1. Judgement matrix scale

A_ij	含义
1	A_i与A_j相比，同等重要
3	A_i比A_j稍微重要
5	A_i比A_j较强重要
7	A_i比A_j强烈重要
9	A_i比A_j绝对重要
2，4，6，8	两相邻判断的中间值

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表 2 随机一致性RI表格

Table 2. Random consistency (RI) table

n阶	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
RI值	0.52	0.89	1.12	1.26	1.36	1.41	1.46	1.49	1.52	1.54

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表 3 昭通东北地区奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙一₁亚段不同岩相评价指标(AECS)及评价结果

Table 3. AECS and evaluation results of different shale lithofacies from Ordovician Wufeng Formation to the first section of the first member of Silurian Longmaxi Formation, northeast Zhaotong area

岩相类型	TOC平均含量/%	平均含气量/(m³·t^-1)	脆性矿物平均含量/%	AECS	评价结果
含灰硅质页岩相(S-3)	3.77	2.68	75.5	12.45	Ⅰ
混合硅质页岩相(S-2)	3.67	2.80	75.7	12.47
含灰/硅混合质页岩相(M-1)	3.66	2.58	73.4	12.09
含黏土硅质页岩相(S-4)	3.17	2.20	68.9	11.14	Ⅱ
混合质页岩相(M-2)	3.34	2.45	63.3	10.61
含黏土/硅混合质页岩相(M-4)	2.86	2.46	62.0	10.21
含硅黏土质页岩相(CM-4)	3.06	2.94	30.3	6.47	非优势
混合黏土质页岩相(CM-2)	2.60	2.70	22.8	5.20	非优势

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