四川盆地东部寒武系油气跨层成藏及天然气勘探意义

孙自明; 刘光祥; 卞昌蓉; 郭小文; 王岩磊; 何生

doi:10.11781/sysydz202303504

四川盆地东部寒武系油气跨层成藏及天然气勘探意义

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202303504

1.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 102206
2.
中国地质大学（武汉）, 武汉 430074

基金项目:

中国石化科技攻关项目 P21042-2

详细信息

作者简介:
孙自明(1964—)，男，博士，高级工程师，从事油气勘探研究工作。E-mail：sunzm.syky@sinopec.com

中图分类号: TE122.31
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-19
- 修回日期: 2023-04-24
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-28

Cross-formational hydrocarbon accumulation of Cambrian sequences and its significance for natural gas exploration in eastern Sichuan Basin

1.
Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 102206, China
2.
China University of Geoscience (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 四川盆地东部发育下寒武统筇竹寺组泥页岩烃源岩，其生成的油气向上能否穿越中下寒武统膏盐岩区域盖层，并在中上寒武统洗象池群储层聚集成藏(即油气跨层成藏)，一直缺乏清晰的认识。为此，开展了洗象池群储层固体沥青和中下寒武统膏盐岩区域盖层封盖性等研究，探讨了油气跨层成藏及其天然气勘探意义。四川盆地东部洗象池群储层固体沥青主要来源于筇竹寺组泥页岩烃源岩；中下寒武统膏盐岩区域盖层封闭性良好，但在中二叠世至中三叠世，复活的基底断裂和新形成的规模较大的断裂使其封盖完整性遭受一定程度的破坏，为寒武系油气跨层成藏提供了重要的垂向运移通道。该区寒武系油气成藏经历了盐下早期古油藏(S₃—P₁)、油气跨层成藏(P₂—T₂)和古气藏(T₃—K₁)等演化阶段；油气跨层成藏是多旋回叠合盆地油气成藏的重要特征，中二叠世至中三叠世复活的基底断裂和新形成的规模较大的断裂是寻找洗象池群原生古气藏的重要线索。确定和评价原生古气藏将是今后研究区洗象池群天然气勘探的重点和难点。
- 固体沥青 /
- 区域盖层 /
- 基底断裂 /
- 油气跨层成藏 /
- 洗象池群 /
- 寒武系 /
- 四川盆地东部
Abstract: It has not been clearly understood whether the hydrocarbon generated from the argillaceous sourcerocks of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation could upward pass through the regional cap rocks of the Lower-Middle Cambrian gypsum rocks and accumulate in the Middle-Upper Cambrian Xixiangchi Group reservoir, namely the cross-formational hydrocarbon accumulation, in the eastern Sichuan Basin. Therefore, the studies on the reservoir solid bitumen in the Xixiangchi Group and the sealing performance of the regional cap rocks of the Lower-Middle Cambrian gypsum rocks were carried out, and the cross-formational hydrocarbon accumulation of the Cambrian oil and gas and its significance for natural gas exploration were discussed. It was shown by synthetic studies that the reservoir solid bitumen in the Xixiangchi Group mainly originated from the argillaceous source rocks of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation. The sealing integrity of the regional cap rocks of the Lower-Middle Cambrian gypsum rocks was damaged to some extent by the reactivated basement faults and the large nascent faults in the Middle Permian to Middle Triassic though it had good sealing performance in geological times, which could provide convenient vertical pathways for the Cambrian cross-formational hydrocarbon accumulation in the eastern Sichuan Basin. Three evolutionary stages were built up about the Cambrian hydrocarbon migration and accumulation as follows. Stage 1 is the formation of the Cambrian pre-salt early paleo-reservoirs in the period ofthe Late Silurian to the Early Permian (S₃-P₁), stage 2 is the one of the Cambrian cross-formational hydrocarbon accumulation in the period of the Middle Permian to the Middle Triassic (P₂-T₂), and stage 3 is the formation of the Cambrian late paleo-gas reservoirs in the period of the Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous (T₃-K₁). The cross-formational hydrocarbon accumulation is an important feature of hydrocarbon accumulation in multi-cycle superimposed basins, and the reactivated basement faults and the large nascent faults in the period of the MiddlePermian to the Middle Triassic are important clues to the Xixiangchi Group primary paleo-gas reservoirs. Identification and evaluation of the Xixiangchi Group primary paleo-gas reservoirs will be the key points and the main challenges to natural gas exploration in the study area.
- solid bitumen /
- regional cap rock /
- basement fault /
- cross-formational hydrocarbon accumulation /
- Xixiangchi Group /
- Cambrian /
- eastern Sichuan Basin

HTML全文

图 1 四川盆地构造区划、中下寒武统膏盐岩分布(a)和研究区寒武系地层柱状剖面图(b)

Figure 1. Structural zoning of Sichuan Basin and distribution of Middle-Lower Cambrian gypsum rocks (a) and Cambrian stratigraphic column in study area (b)

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图 2 四川盆地东部洗象池群储层固体沥青赋存状态

图中指示线均指向沥青。a.固体沥青充填于白云岩溶蚀孔洞，池7井，5 233.60 m；b.固体沥青充填于白云岩晶间溶孔，池7井，5 233.40 m；c.固体沥青充填于白云岩微裂缝，座3井，5 473.00 m，单偏光；d.固体沥青充填于白云岩脉体的晶间孔和晶间溶孔，座3井，5 446.60 m，单偏光；e.固体沥青充填于白云岩脉体的晶间孔和晶间溶孔，平桥2井，3 330.31 m，单偏光；f.脉体边缘充填固体沥青，平桥1井，3 130.62 m，单偏光；g.脉体边缘充填固体沥青，平桥2井，3 499.26 m，单偏光；h.固体沥青呈弥漫状分布于白云岩碎屑颗粒内部的晶间孔和晶间溶孔，平桥1井，3 123.60 m，单偏光；i.黑色碳质沥青沿深灰色粉晶白云岩缝合线大量发育，焦石1井，2 932.20 m

Figure 2. Occurrence of solid bitumen in Xixiangchi Group reservoir, eastern Sichuan Basin

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图 3 四川盆地东部平桥1井洗象池群储层固体沥青激光拉曼光谱

Figure 3. Laser Raman spectra of solid bitumen in Xixiangchi Group reservoir at well PQ1 in eastern Sichuan Basin

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图 4 四川盆地东部筇竹寺组(a)和五峰组—龙马溪组(b)烃源岩成熟度(EqVR_o)等值线

图a据参考文献[31-35]和本次研究成果修编；图b据参考文献[32-33, 35, 39]和本次研究成果修编。

Figure 4. Maps showing the maturity (EqVR_o) of source rocks of Qiongzhusi Formation (a) and Wufeng-Longmaxi formations (b) in eastern Sichuan Basin

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图 5 四川盆地东部平桥1井筇竹寺组和五峰—龙马溪组烃源岩埋藏—热演化史与洗象池群古流体演化

Figure 5. Burial-thermal evolution history of source rocks in Qiongzhusi and Wufeng-Longmaxi formations and paleo-fluid evolution of Xixiangchi Group at well PQ1 in eastern Sichuan Basin

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图 6 四川盆地东部NNW—SSE向地震解释剖面

剖面位置见图 1a。

Figure 6. NW-SE seismic interpretation profile in eastern Sichuan Basin

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图 7 四川盆地东部寒武系油气跨层成藏演化剖面

1.白云岩；2.灰岩；3.泥质白云岩；4.鲕粒白云岩；5.膏质白云岩；6.膏盐岩；7.泥质粉砂岩；8.泥页岩；9.油藏；10.气藏；11.断层；12.油气运移方向。₁q.下寒武统筇竹寺组；₁cl.下寒武统沧浪铺组；₁l.下寒武统龙王庙组；₂g.中寒武统高台组；₂₊₃x.中上寒武统洗象池群；O₁t.下奥陶统桐梓组

Figure 7. Cross section showing cross-formational hydrocarbon accumulation of Cambrian sequences in eastern Sichuan Basin

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