Shale dominant lithofacies and shale oil enrichment model of Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation in Hashan area, Junggar Basin
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摘要: 相较于准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷，与之紧邻的哈山地区经历了多期推覆改造，油气形成演化过程复杂，页岩油勘探面临优势岩相不明、富集规律不清等诸多挑战。为落实哈山地区下二叠统风城组页岩优势岩相，总结页岩油富集模式，以该区的哈山5井、哈深斜1井等8口探井200余块样品为基础，基于岩心、普通薄片观察等手段，在沉积环境及沉积相研究的基础上系统开展页岩岩相类型划分；结合XRD、扫描电镜、低温氮气吸附、热解等实验方法分岩相综合开展了储层物性及含油性评价；基于页岩矿物组成及有机质丰度和含油性的相关性分析，初步建立了哈山地区风城组页岩油富集模式。哈山地区风城组页岩可分为陆源碎屑岩相、白云质混积岩相、含碱性矿物混积岩相和含火山碎屑混积岩相4种岩相类型。陆源碎屑岩相中的(泥质)粉砂岩、白云质混积岩相中的白云质砂岩及含火山碎屑混积岩相储层物性及含油性较好，为有利的页岩油储集岩。页岩油富集模式可分为3类：在三角洲外前缘的陆源碎屑岩相中，主要为邻层运移的页岩油富集模式；在滨浅湖—半深湖发育段，白云质混积岩相发育段主要为同层裂缝运移以及邻层运移的页岩油富集模式；在含火山碎屑混积岩相发育的层段，为自生自储的基质型页岩油富集模式。Abstract: Compared with the Mahu Sag in the Junggar Basin, the adjacent Hashan area has undergone multi-stage napping and complicated oil-gas formation and evolution process, making its shale oil exploration facing many challenges, such as unclear dominant lithofacies and enrichment law. In order to optimize the dominant lithofacies of the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation shale in Hashan area and summarize the enrichment model of shale oil, by taking more than 200 samples from 8 exploration wells in the area, including Hashan 5 and Hashen X1 wells, and using methods such as core and ordinary thin section observation, a systematic classification of shale lithofacies types was carried out based on the study of sedimentary environment and facies. A comprehensive evaluation of reservoir physical properties and oil content was conducted based on lithofacies by combining experimental methods such as XRD, scanning electron microscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, and pyrolysis. The enrichment law of the Fengcheng Formation shale oil in Hashan area was preliminarily revealed based on the correlation analysis of shale mineral composition, organic matter abundance and oil content. The results show that the Fengcheng Formation shale in Hashan area can be divided into four lithofacies types: terrigenous clastic, dolomitic diamict, alkaline mineral diamict and volcanic clastic diamict. The (argillaceous) siltstone in terrigenous clastic lithofacies, the dolomitic sandstone in dolomitic diamict lithofacies, and the volcanic clastic diamict lithofacies have good physical properties and oil content, which are good shale oil reservoirs. The shale oil enrichment patterns can be divided into three types: in the terrigenous clastic lithofacies of the outer delta front, the shale oil enrichment patterns are mainly migrated from adjacent strata. In the shallow- semi-deep lake section, the dolomitic mixed-deposit lithofacies are mainly the shale oil enrichment model of the same layer fracture migration and adjacent layer migration, while the volcaniclastic mixed-deposit lithofacies are mainly the self-generated and self-stored matrix shale oil enrichment model.
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Key words:
- shale oil /
- lithofacies /
- enrichment model /
- Fengcheng Formation /
- Hashan area /
- Junggar Basin
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图 1 准噶尔盆地哈山地区区域构造与位置P2w, P2x, P1f, P1j分别为二叠系乌尔禾组、下子街组、风城组和佳木河组；图据文献[12]修改。
Figure 1. Regional structure and location of Hashan area, Junggar Basin
图 2 准噶尔盆地哈山地区二叠系风城组沉积相对比
Figure 2. Sedimentary facies correlation of Permian Fengcheng Formation in Hashan area, Junggar Basin
图 3 准噶尔盆地哈山地区不同岩相的岩心照片及镜下特征
Figure 3. Core photographs and microscopic characteristics of different lithofacies in Hashan area, Junggar Basin
图 4 准噶尔盆地哈山地区不同岩相的矿物成分特征
Figure 4. Mineral composition characteristics of different lithofacies in Hashan area, Junggar Basin
图 5 准噶尔盆地哈山地区不同岩相的有机质丰度特征
Figure 5. Organic matter abundance characteristics of different lithofacies in Hashan area, Junggar Basin
图 6 准噶尔盆地哈山地区二叠系风城组泥页岩岩相展布与发育模式
Figure 6. Shale lithofacies distribution and development model of Permian Fengcheng Formation in Hashan area, Junggar Basin
图 7 准噶尔盆地哈山地区风城组页岩不同岩相孔隙结构特征
Figure 7. Pore structure characteristics of different lithofacies of Fengcheng Formation shale in Hashan area, Junggar Basin
图 8 准噶尔盆地哈山地区哈山5井二叠系风城组页岩不同岩相样品的含油性特征
a. 3 928.5 m，陆源碎屑岩相，泥质粉砂岩，粉砂岩基质孔隙内含油; b.3 928.5 m，陆源碎屑岩相，泥质粉砂岩，粉砂岩基质孔隙内含油孔隙内含油；c.3 928.5 m，陆源碎屑岩相，长英质孔隙内含油，扫描电镜；d.4 462.2~4 464.7 m，白云质混积岩相，白云质泥岩裂缝含油；e.4 455.6 m，白云质混积岩相，高角度裂缝被石英脉充填(石英脉体内含大量油包裹体)荧光薄片；f.4 798.7 m，含碱性矿物混积岩相，溶蚀孔缝内含油，后期被碱性矿物充填；g.4 885.7 m，含碱性矿物混积岩相，溶蚀孔缝内含油，后期被碱性矿物充填；h.4 802.8 m，含碱性矿物混积岩相，长石溶孔内含油，扫描电镜；i.5 130.7 m，含火山碎屑混积岩相，凝灰岩溶蚀孔洞含油；j.5 133.3 m，含火山碎屑混积岩相，纹层状凝灰质泥岩，层理缝内含油；k.5 133.3 m，含火山碎屑混积岩相，顺层缝充填方解石(方解石脉体中含大量油包裹体)荧光薄片。
Figure 8. Oil content characteristics of different lithofacies samples of Permian Fengcheng Formation shale from well Hashan 5 in Hashan area, Junggar Basin
图 9 准噶尔盆地哈山地区二叠系风城组页岩不同岩相样品的含油性
Figure 9. Oil content characteristics of different lithofacies samples of Permian Fengcheng Formation shale in Hashan area, Junggar Basin
图 10 准噶尔盆地哈山地区二叠系风城组页岩不同岩相含油饱和指数(OSI)
Figure 10. OSI characteristics of different lithofacies of Permian Fengcheng Formation shale in Hashan area, Junggar Basin
图 11 准噶尔盆地哈山地区二叠系风城组页岩油富集模式综合示意
Figure 11. Shale oil enrichment model of Permian Fengcheng Formation in Hashan area, Junggar Basin
表 1 准噶尔盆地哈山地区二叠系风城组页岩岩相分类及沉积特征
Table 1. Lithofacies classification and sedimentary characteristics of Permian Fengcheng Formation shale in Hashan area, Junggar Basin
岩相组合类型 陆源碎屑岩相 白云质混积岩相 含碱性矿物混积岩相 含火山碎屑混积岩相 (粉砂质)泥岩 (泥质)粉砂岩 白云质砂岩 白云质泥岩 发育层位 风三段，风二段上部 风二段 风一段上部、风二段 风一段、风二段 沉积相带 三角洲外前缘 滨浅湖 半深湖 滨浅湖—半深湖/火山岩相 主要岩性及岩相组合 泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩、 白云质泥岩、泥质白云岩、白云质砂岩 含碱白云质泥岩、含碱灰云质泥岩 凝灰岩、凝灰质细砂岩、凝灰质泥岩 
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表 2 准噶尔盆地哈山地区二叠系风城组不同岩相泥页岩氮气吸附孔隙体积分布
Table 2. Nitrogen adsorption pore volume distribution of different lithofacies of Permian Fengcheng Formation shale in Hashan area, Junggar Basin
岩相 微孔孔容/(cm3/g) 介孔孔容/(cm3/g) 宏孔孔容/(cm3/g) 累计孔容/(cm3/g) 陆源碎屑岩相 (粉砂质)泥岩 $\frac{0.00009 \sim 0.00073}{0.00041}\quad $ $\frac{0.00108 \sim 0.00662}{0.00385} $ $ \frac{0.00196 \sim 0.00536}{0.00366} $ $\frac{0.00653 \sim 0.00932}{0.00792} $ (泥质)粉砂岩 $\frac{0.00127 \sim 0.00240}{0.00184} $ $ \frac{0.00686 \sim 0.01219}{0.00953} $ $\frac{0.00194 \sim 0.00254}{0.00224} $ $\frac{0.01067 \sim 0.01653}{0.01360} $ 白云质混积岩相 白云质砂岩 0.000 16 0.000 86 0.003 46 0.004 49 白云质泥岩 $ \frac{0.00009 \sim 0.00018}{0.00014}$ $\frac{0.00047 \sim 0.00096}{0.00071} $ $\frac{0.00268 \sim 0.00373}{0.00321} $ $ \frac{0.00382 \sim 0.00429}{0.00406}$ 含碱性矿物混积岩相 $\frac{0.00002 \sim 0.00097}{0.00048} $ $\frac{0.00121 \sim 0.00333}{0.00204} $ $\frac{0.002042 \sim 0.03012}{0.01687} $ $\frac{0.00348 \sim 0.03202}{0.01939} $ 含火山碎屑混积岩相 $\frac{0.00984 \sim 0.01345}{0.01030}$ $\frac{0.00924 \sim 0.01773}{0.01193} $ $ \frac{0.00266 \sim 0.00433}{0.00406}$ $\frac{0.02174 \sim 0.03552}{0.02630} $ 注：表中分式意义为：最小值~最大值平均值。
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