准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷东部原油地球化学特征和来源

吴小奇; 任新成; 刘德志; 陈迎宾; 穆玉庆; 王斌; 商丰凯; 孙中良; 曲彦胜; 宋振响; 邱岐

doi:10.11781/sysydz202304646

准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷东部原油地球化学特征和来源

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202304646

吴小奇^{1, 2,},
任新成³,
刘德志³,
陈迎宾^{1, 2},
穆玉庆³,
王斌^{1, 2},
商丰凯³,
孙中良^{1, 2},
曲彦胜³,
宋振响^{1, 2},
邱岐^{1, 2}

1.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所，江苏无锡 214126
2.
中国石化油气成藏重点实验室，江苏无锡 214126
3.
中国石化胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院，山东东营 257001

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 42172149

国家自然科学基金项目 U2244209

中国石化科技部项目 P21077-1

中国石化科技部项目 P22132

详细信息

作者简介:
吴小奇(1982—)，男，博士，高级工程师，本刊青年编委，从事油气成藏地球化学研究。E-mail: xqwu@163.com

中图分类号: TE122.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-11
- 修回日期: 2023-06-02
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-28

Geochemical characteristics and source of crude oil from the eastern Shawan Sag, Junggar Basin

WU Xiaoqi^{1, 2
,},
REN Xincheng³,
LIU Dezhi³,
CHEN Yingbin^{1, 2},
MU Yuqing³,
WANG Bin^{1, 2},
SHANG Fengkai³,
SUN Zhongliang^{1, 2},
QU Yansheng³,
SONG Zhenxiang^{1, 2},
QIU Qi^{1, 2}

1.
Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
2.
SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
3.
Exploration and Development Research Institute, Shengli Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, Dongying, Shandong 257001, China

摘要

摘要: 沙湾凹陷是准噶尔盆地腹部重要的勘探领域之一，为了更好地厘清凹陷内二叠系、侏罗系和白垩系储层中原油的来源，明确油气成藏过程和富集规律，对该凹陷东部典型井原油样品开展了碳同位素和生物标志化合物分析，并基于对原油地球化学特征的分析，开展了原油分类和油源对比。沙湾凹陷东部不同层系原油可以分为3类：第一类原油赋存于二叠系及侏罗系储层中，其全油δ¹³C值和Pr/Ph比值分别介于-31.0‰~-29.0‰和1.0~2.0，αααR规则甾烷相对含量具有C₂₇＜C₂₈＜C₂₉的特征，萜烷类多数表现出C₂₀＜C₂₁＞C₂₃TT、C₂₄TeT/C₂₆TT＜1的特征，且伽马蜡烷指数均小于0.30，这类原油主体来自中二叠统下乌尔禾组烃源岩，其中上二叠统上乌尔禾组油样中未检出Ts，β-胡萝卜烷/C₃₀藿烷比值大于1，三环萜烷分布表现出C₂₀＞C₂₁＞C₂₃TT的特征，且甲基菲分布分数反映了原油处于高成熟演化阶段，这表明其中混入了少量下二叠统烃源岩生成的原油；第二类原油赋存于中侏罗统储层中，其典型特征为全油δ¹³C值及正构烷烃单体δ¹³C值主体大于-29.0‰，Pr/Ph比值相对较高，介于2.0~2.5，且C₂₄TeT/C₂₆TT比值大于1，表明这类原油主体为侏罗系烃源岩生成；第三类原油赋存于下白垩统储层中，其全油δ¹³C值和Pr/Ph比值分别小于-31.0‰和1.0，αααR规则甾烷含量呈C₂₇≈C₂₈＜C₂₉特征，伽马蜡烷指数均高于0.50，正构烷烃单体δ¹³C值随碳数升高而逐渐降低，且主体小于-31‰，表明这类原油主要来自下白垩统烃源岩。
- 原油 /
- 碳同位素 /
- 生物标志物 /
- 饱和烃 /
- 芳烃 /
- 油源对比 /
- 沙湾凹陷 /
- 准噶尔盆地
Abstract: The Shawan Sag is one of the important exploration areas in the hinterland of the Junggar Basin. In order to better clarify the source of crude oil from the Permian, Jurassic and Cretaceous reservoirs in the sag and identify hydrocarbon accumulation processes and enrichment pattern, the authors conducted a carbon isotope and biomarker analysis on the typical crude oil samples from the eastern Shawan Sag in this study, and further carried out crude oil classification and oil-source correlation based on the analysis of geochemical characteristics of crude oil. The results indicate that the crude oil from different strata in the eastern Shawan Sag can be divided into three types. The first type mainly occurs in the Permian and Jurassic reservoirs, and its whole oil δ¹³C value and Pr/Ph ratio range from -31.0‰ to -29.0‰ and from 1.0 to 2.0, respectively. The relative contents of αααR regular sterane display the characteristics of C₂₇ < C₂₈ < C₂₉, and the terpanes are mainly characterized by C₂₀ < C₂₁>C₂₃ TT and C₂₄TeT/C₂₆TT < 1, with the gammacerane index lower than 0.30. This type of crude oil is mainly derived from the source rocks in the Middle Permian Lower Wuerhe Formation. In the oil samples from the Upper Permian Upper Wuerhe Formation, Ts content is below the detection limit, the β-carotane/C₃₀ hopane ratio is greater than 1, and the tricyclic terpane distribution displays the characteristics of C₂₀>C₂₁>C₂₃TT. The distribution fraction of methyl phenanthrene reflects that the crude oil is in the stage of high-maturity evolution. All these indicate the mixing of crude oil generated in the Lower Permian source rocks. The second type occurs in the Middle Jurassic reservoirs. The whole oil δ¹³C value and individual n-alkanes δ¹³C value are higher than -29.0‰. The Pr/Ph ratio is relatively higher, ranging from 2.0 to 2.5, with C₂₄TeT/C₂₆TT>1, which indicate that this type of crude oil is mainly derived from the Jurassic source rocks. The third type occurs in the Lower Cretaceous reservoirs, and its whole oil δ¹³C value and Pr/Ph ratio are lower than -31.0‰ and 1.0, respectively. The αααR regular sterane contents display the characteristics of C₂₇≈C₂₈ <C₂₉, with the gammacerane index higher than 0.50. The individual n-alkanes δ¹³C value gradually decreases with the increase of carbon number and is commonly lower than -31.0‰. This type of oil is demonstrated to be mainly derived from the Lower Cretaceous source rocks.
- crude oil /
- carbon isotope /
- biomarker /
- saturated hydrocarbon /
- aromatic hydrocarbon /
- oil-source correlation /
- Shawan Sag /
- Junggar Basin
注释:

利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

All authors disclose no relevant conflict of interests.

作者贡献/Authors’ Contributions

吴小奇、任新成提供论文思路并完成论文主体内容撰写及修改；刘德志、陈迎宾、穆玉庆、王斌完成前期进展调研，参与论文框架结构和油源对比内容讨论；商丰凯、孙中良、曲彦胜、宋振响、邱岐协助完成样品采集、选送和资料收集，并参与原油地球化学特征分析。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

WU Xiaoqi and REN Xincheng provided paper ideas and completed the writing and revision of the main content of the paper. LIU Dezhi, CHEN Yingbin, MU Yuqing and WANG Bin completed preliminary research and participated in discussions on paper framework and oil-source correlation. SHANG Fengkai, SUN Zhongliang, QU Yansheng, SONG Zhenxiang and QIU Qi assisted in sample collection, selection and data collection, and participated in the analysis of geochemical characteristics of crude oil. All the authors have read the last version of paper and consented for submission.

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图 1 准噶尔盆地腹部沙湾凹陷东部位置(a)及井位分布(b)

Figure 1. Location (a) and well distribution (b) of the eastern Shawan Sag in the hinterland of the Junggar Basin

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图 2 准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷东部原油Pr/Ph与δ¹³C相关图

底图据陈建平等^[25]。

Figure 2. Correlation between Pr/Ph and δ¹³C of crude oil from the eastern Shawan Sag, the Junggar Basin

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图 3 准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷东部原油饱和烃气相色谱图

Figure 3. Gas chromatogram of saturated hydrocarbon in crude oil from the eastern Shawan Sag, the Junggar Basin

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图 4 准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷东部原油Pr/nC₁₇与Ph/nC₁₈相关图

Figure 4. Correlation between Pr/nC₁₇ and Ph/nC₁₈ of crude oil from the eastern Shawan Sag, the Junggar Basin

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图 5 准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷东部原油甾烷(m/z 217)和萜烷(m/z 191)质量色谱图

Figure 5. Mass chromatogram of sterane (m/z 217) and terpane (m/z 191) of crude oil from the eastern Shawan Sag, the Junggar Basin

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图 6 准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷东部原油F₁与F₂相关图

底图据包建平等^[34]。

Figure 6. Correlation between F₁ and F₂ of crude oil from the eastern Shawan Sag, the Junggar Basin

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图 7 准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷东部原油DBT/Phen(a)和MDBTs/MDBFs(b)与Pr/Ph相关图

底图分别据HUGHES等^[35]和RADKE等^[36]。

Figure 7. Correlation diagram of DBT/Phen (a) and MDBTs/MDBFs (b) vs. Pr/Ph of crude oil from the eastern Shawan Sag, the Junggar Basin

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图 8 准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷东部二叠系(a)和白垩系(b)烃源岩抽提物及对应原油正构烷烃单体碳同位素值分布

金探1井P₂w和风南1井P₁f烃源岩据李二庭等^[9]；阿尔钦沟K₁q烃源岩据陈建平等^[23]。

Figure 8. Distribution of carbon isotopic values of individual n-alkanes in the Permian (a) and Cretaceous (b) source rock extracts and crude oil from the eastern Shawan Sag, the Junggar Basin

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表 1 准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷东部原油生物标志化合物及全油碳同位素组成特征

Table 1. Biomarker and whole oil carbon isotope composition characteristics of crude oil from the eastern Shawan Sag, the Junggar Basin

井号	深度/m	层位	主峰碳	OEP	CPI	Pr/Ph	Pr/nC₁₇	Ph/nC₁₈	Ts/Tm	αααC₂₇ /%	αααC₂₈/%	αααC₂₉/%	C₂₉ ααα20S/(20S+20R)	C₂₉ αββ/(αββ+ααα)
Y2	6 051~6 061	J₂x	C₁₇	1.01	1.13	2.17	0.25	0.12	0.91	9.5	29.6	60.9	0.50	0.52
Y3	5 801~5 845	J₁s	C₁₉	1.16	1.16	1.27	0.59	0.50	0.68	12.8	39.0	48.2	0.49	0.55
Y6	6 026~6 038	J₂x	C₁₈	1.00	1.12	1.77	0.29	0.16	0.76	12.5	39.1	48.4	0.49	0.50
Y6	5 858~5 870	K₁Tg	C₁₅	1.12	1.04	0.68	0.64	1.04	0.93	23.9	24.6	51.5	0.45	0.44
Y6	5 914~5 918	K₁Tg	C₁₅	1.08	1.03	0.68	0.65	1.05	0.98	21.8	24.3	53.9	0.46	0.46
Z10	7 596~7 655	P₃w	C₁₇	1.03	1.15	1.40	0.25	0.19	-	-	45.2	54.8	0.48	0.51
Z6	5 121~5 132	J₁s	C₁₇	1.01	1.14	1.64	0.36	0.23	0.67	12.8	33.1	54.1	0.47	0.51
H11	3 049~3 931	P₁f	C₁₇	1.21	1.12	0.64	1.10	2.12	-	4.2	38.6	57.2	0.46	0.29

井号	C₁₉/C₂₀TT	C₂₀/C₂₁TT	C₂₁/C₂₃TT	C₂₄TeT/C₂₆TT	Ga/C₃₀H	C₃₅S/C₃₄S	C₃₅H/C_31-35H	β-胡萝卜烷/C₃₀H	9-MP/1-MP	F₁	F₂	DBT/Phen	MDBTs/MDBFs	δ¹³C/‰
Y2	1.05	1.49	1.14	1.43	0.08	0.47	0.032	-	1.42	0.54	0.28	0.08	0.77	-27.3
Y3	0.28	0.90	1.36	0.51	0.18	0.44	0.033	1.56	1.48	0.50	0.28	0.06	0.33	-30.4
Y6	0.21	0.72	1.26	0.45	0.30	0.55	0.046	0.61	1.46	0.50	0.27	0.08	0.79	-29.7
Y6	0.35	0.63	1.06	0.53	0.69	0.44	0.041	0.80	1.14	0.44	0.25	0.02	0.41	-31.5
Y6	0.30	0.71	1.01	0.66	0.76	0.47	0.040	0.78	1.14	0.44	0.25	0.02	0.55	-31.3
Z10	-	1.21	1.03	0.12	-	-	-	8.27	1.12	0.76	0.45	-	-	-30.2
Z6	0.32	0.77	1.19	0.65	0.23	0.45	0.025	0.66	1.67	0.40	0.20	0.16	0.50	-29.4
H11	0.19	0.71	0.66	0.85	0.24	0.56	0.037	1.28	1.18	0.60	0.33	-	-	-30.4
注：F₁和F₂分别为(2-MP+3-MP)/(1-MP+2-MP+3-MP+9-MP)和2-MP/(1-MP+2-MP+3-MP+9-MP)。

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表 2 准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷东部不同类型原油及西北缘原油地化特征综合对比

Table 2. Comprehensive comparison of different types of crude oil from the eastern Shawan Sag and the crude oil from the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin

地化特征	沙湾凹陷原油分类			西北缘原油
地化特征	Ⅰ类	Ⅱ类	Ⅲ类	西北缘原油
储层	P₃w, J₁s, J₂x	J₂x	K₁Tg	P₁f
全油δ¹³C/‰	-31.0~-29.0	＞-29.0	＜-31.0	＜-29.0
Pr/Ph	1.0~2.0	2.0~2.5	＜1.0	＜1.0
Pr/nC₁₇	＜1.0	＜1.0	＜1.0	＞1.0
Ph/nC₁₈	＜1.0	≈1.0	＜1.0	＞1.0
αααR规则甾烷	C₂₇＜C₂₈＜C₂₉	C₂₇＜C₂₈＜C₂₉	C₂₇≈C₂₈＜C₂₉	C₂₇＜C₂₈＜C₂₉
β-胡萝卜烷/C₃₀H	＜1.0, 少部分＞1.0	≈0	＜1.0	＞1.0
三环萜烷分布	C₂₀ <C₂₁>C₂₃TT	C₂₀>C₂₁>C₂₃TT	C₂₀ <C₂₁≈C₂₃TT	C₂₀＜C₂₁＜C₂₃TT
C₂₄TeT/C₂₆TT	＜1.0	＞1.0	＜1.0	＜1.0
Ts/Tm	＜1.0	＜1.0	0.93~0.98	＜0.2
Ga/C₃₀H	＜0.3	＜0.1	0.69~0.76	＞0.3
正构烷烃单体δ¹³C分布	先降低后升高		逐渐降低	先升高后降低
油源	P₂w，部分P₁	J_1-2	K₁	P₁f

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