Quantitative characterization and main controlling factors of shale oil occurrence in Permian Fengcheng Formation, Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
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摘要: 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组页岩油赋存特征及控制因素复杂，赋存状态与定量表征难度大，厘清页岩油赋存特征和主控因素对优选甜点体具有重要意义。为表征玛湖凹陷不同赋存状态页岩油含量，对凹陷中心区和斜坡区的风城组页岩样品进行分步抽提，建立了不同赋存状态页岩油定量表征实验方法，分别得到游离轻烃、游离重烃和吸附烃的含量。在有机地球化学和储层微观特征研究的基础上，得到以下认识：由于研究区有机碳和黏土含量较低，风城组页岩油以游离赋存状态为主，吸附烃含量最少；页岩油多以油膜状赋存于矿物表面和干酪根中，重烃通常赋存于微孔比表面积大的页岩中，宏孔是游离油的主要赋存场所；有机质丰度和孔径增大，不同赋存状态页岩油含量均呈增加趋势，较高有机质丰度和孔径较大的储层有利于页岩油富集；成熟度可以很大程度上影响页岩中流体的吸附能力，有机质成熟度越高的页岩样品游离烃占比越多、吸附烃占比越少；比表面积的增大促进吸附油与游离重烃的富集，制约游离轻烃的富集，中孔比表面积对于页岩油的吸附量具有控制作用，比表面积越大页岩的吸附能力越强。相关研究和认识可为研究区优选甜点段和评价页岩油开采效益提供依据。Abstract: The characteristics and controlling factors of shale oil occurrence in Permian Fengcheng Formation of the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin are complex, making occurrence state identification and quantitative characterization difficult. It is of great significance to clarify the occurrence characteristics and controlling factors of shale oil for selecting sweet spots. In order to characterize the content of shale oil in different occurrence states, some shale samples in the central and slope areas of the sag were extracted step by step, and a quantitative characte-rization experiment method of shale oil in different occurrence states was established, obtaining the contents of free light hydrocarbon, free heavy hydrocarbon and adsorbed hydrocarbon, respectively. Based on the study of organic geochemistry and reservoir micro-characteristics, the following conclusions are obtained. Due to the low TOC and clay contents in the study area, the shale oil in the Fengcheng Formation mainly occurs in dissociative state and has the least adsorbed hydrocarbon content. Shale oil occurs mostly on mineral surface and in kerogen in oil film state, heavy hydrocarbons usually occur in shale with large micropore specific surface area, and macropores are the main occurrence space of free oil. With the increase of organic matter abundance and pore size, the shale oil content in different occurrence states shows an increasing trend, indicating that the higher organic matter abundance and larger pore size are conducive to shale oil enrichment. Maturity can greatly affect the adsorption capacity of fluid in shale, and the higher the maturity of organic matter, the higher the proportion of free hydrocarbons and the lower the proportion of adsorbed hydrocarbons. The increase of specific surface area promotes the enrichment of adsorbed oil and free heavy hydrocarbons, and restricts the enrichment of free light hydrocarbons, indicating that the specific surface area of mesoporous pores has a controlling effect on the adsorption capacity of shale oil, i.e., the larger the specific surface area, the stronger the adsorption capacity of shale oil. The relevant research and recognition can provide a basis for selecting sweet spots and evaluating the benefits of shale oil exploitation in the study area.
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Key words:
- occurrence characteristics /
- main controlling factor /
- shale oil /
- Fengcheng Formation /
- Permian /
- Mahu Sag /
- Junggar Basin
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图 1 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组岩相和地层柱状图
据文献[31]修改。
Figure 1. Lithofacies and stratigraphic column of Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
图 2 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组页岩样品气相色谱特征
蓝色箭头表示同一样品的分析顺序。
Figure 2. Gas chromatographic characteristics of shale samples from Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
图 3 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组不同赋存状态页岩油含量
Figure 3. Content of shale oil in different occurrence states in Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
图 4 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组TOC含量、S1与不同赋存状态页岩油的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between TOC content, S1 and shale oil in different occurrence states in Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
图 5 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组有机质孔隙特征
a-b.云质页岩，玛页1井，4 754.86 m，固体干酪根有机质，可见有机质粒内微孔；c-d.云质页岩，玛页1井，4 594.65 m，固体干酪根有机质，可见有机质内溶孔。
Figure 5. Characteristics of organic matter pores in Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
图 6 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组有机质成熟度与不同赋存状态页岩油含量的关系
Figure 6. Relationship between organic matter maturity and content of shale oil in different occurrence states in Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
图 7 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组页岩各样品孔径分布
Figure 7. Pore size distribution curves of shale samples from Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
图 8 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组平均孔径与不同赋存状态页岩油含量的关系
Figure 8. Relationship between average pore size and content of shale oil in different occurrence states in Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
图 9 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组孔体积与不同赋存状态页岩油含量的关系
Figure 9. Relation between pore volume and content of shale oil in different occurrence states in Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
图 10 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组页岩油赋存特征
a.白云质泥岩，灰黑色油斑，晶间孔，玛页1井，4 754.86 m；b.白云质泥岩，灰黑色油斑，粒间孔，玛页1井，4 754.86 m；c.泥岩，黑灰色油斑，溶蚀孔，玛页1井，4 594.65 m；d.泥岩，黑灰色油斑，有机质孔，玛页1井，4 594.65 m；e-f.泥岩，灰色荧光灰质，溶蚀孔，玛页1H井，4 542.85 m。
Figure 10. Occurrence characteristics of shale oil in Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
图 11 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组比表面积与不同赋存状态页岩油比例的关系
Figure 11. Relationship between specific surface area and proportion of shale oil in different occurrence states in Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
表 1 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组样品基本信息
Table 1. Basic information of samples from Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
样品编号 井号 地层 深度/m 岩性 w(TOC)/% Ro/% 1 玛页2 风三段 3 856.8 云质页岩 2.18 0.73 2 玛页2 风二段 4 431.5 云质页岩 0.97 0.79 3 夏云1 风三段 5 106.8 云质页岩 1.50 1.02 4 玛页1 风二段 4 745.0 含云粉砂岩 0.62 1.16 5 玛页1 风二段 4 442.5 云质页岩 0.93 1.12 6 夏云1 风三段 5 109.4 粉砂质泥岩 1.42 0.95 7 玛页1 风二段 4 545.9 泥质白云岩 0.78 0.84 8 玛页1 风二段 4 637.2 云质页岩 1.72 0.69 
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表 2 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组游离油与吸附油定量分析实验结果
Table 2. Quantitative analysis results of free oil and adsorbed oil in Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
序号 ω(TOC)/ % S1/(mg/g) 步骤一：萃取 步骤二：第一次抽提 步骤三：第二次抽提 萃取前质量/g 萃取后质量/g 游离轻烃质量/g 游离轻烃含量/(mg/g) 抽提前质量/g 抽提后质量/g 游离重烃质量/g 游离重烃含量/(mg/g) 抽提前质量/g 抽提后质量/g 吸附烃质量/g 吸附烃含量/(mg/g) 1 2.18 1.37 105.113 103.427 1.579 15.02 103.427 103.085 0.343 3.31 103.085 103.069 0.015 0.15 2 0.97 1.61 45.148 44.873 0.242 5.36 44.873 44.826 0.047 1.05 44.826 44.824 0.002 0.03 3 1.50 1.68 214.362 213.584 0.761 3.55 213.584 213.306 0.279 1.30 213.306 213.287 0.019 0.09 4 0.62 0.61 189.367 188.533 0.716 3.78 188.533 188.235 0.298 1.58 188.235 188.230 0.005 0.02 5 0.93 0.98 139.753 138.666 1.087 7.78 138.666 138.451 0.215 1.55 138.451 138.441 0.010 0.07 6 1.42 1.36 156.782 155.905 0.877 5.59 155.905 155.588 0.317 2.03 155.588 155.576 0.011 0.07 7 0.78 0.82 166.732 166.002 0.399 2.39 166.002 166.137 0.196 1.18 166.137 166.131 0.004 0.02 8 1.72 1.56 49.762 49.073 0.649 13.04 49.073 48.890 0.164 3.34 48.890 48.875 0.012 0.25
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