Development progress and outlook of deep and normal pressure shale gas of SINOPEC
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摘要: 近十几年以来，随着页岩气勘探开发理论技术水平的提高，我国实现了南方上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组海相页岩气商业化开发，并向深层、复杂构造区和新层系拓展。为进一步推动页岩气高效勘探开发，系统梳理了中国石化页岩气勘探开发新进展，并对国内页岩气发展趋势进行分析。研究结果表明：①高质量建成涪陵页岩气国家级示范区，创新形成了海相页岩气立体开发关键技术体系；②实现南川东胜、白马区块常压页岩气规模效益开发，构建了背斜型、单斜型、反向逆断层遮挡型、残留向斜型四种页岩气聚散模式，形成精细分区，差异化开发新模式，初步建成常压页岩气开发低成本技术体系；③初步落实川东南盆缘深层万亿方规模阵地，创新形成海相深层页岩气“超压富气”模式，初步形成4 000~4 500 m深层页岩气压裂技术体系；④相继在元坝、普光侏罗系，红星、普光二叠系、井研—犍为寒武系取得重大突破；⑤未来实现页岩气大突破和大发展离不开勘探开发理论技术的创新攻关，必须坚持勘探开发一体化、地质工程一体化、技术经济一体化，需要充分认识深层、常压、新层系页岩气地质特征的复杂性，还需要政策扶持等。Abstract: In the past decade, with the improvement of shale gas exploration and development theory and techno-logy, the commercial development of marine shale gas from Ordovician Wufeng to Silurian Longmaxi formations in southern China has been achieved, and the target of shale gas exploration and development is gradually shifting towards shale gas of deep and complex structural areas and new formations. In order to further promote efficient exploration and development of shale gas, a systematic review was conducted on the recent exploration and deve-lopment progress of SINOPEC shale gas and an analysis was conducted on the development trend of shale gas in China. The research results indicate that: ① The high-quality Fuling National Shale Gas Demonstration Zone has been built and a key technology system for three-dimensional development of marine shale gas has been innovatively formed. ② The large-scale and efficient development of atmospheric shale gas in Dongsheng and Baima blocks of Nanchuan has been realized, and four shale gas accumulation and dispersion models have been constructed: anticline, monocline, reverse fault blocking, and residual syncline. A fine zoning and differentiated development model and a low-cost technology system for atmospheric shale gas have been preliminarily formed. ③ The deep large-scale fields of trillions of square meters in southeastern Sichuan basin edge have been preliminarily implemented, an "overpressure rich gas" model of marine deep shale gas has been innovatively formed, and a fracturing technology system of deep shale gas in the deep range of 4 000-4 500 m has been preliminarily formed. ④ Major breakthroughs have been made successively in Jurassic of Yuanba and Puguang, Permian of Hongxing and Puguang, and Cambrian of Jingyan and Qianwei. ⑤ The future breakthrough and development of shale gas cannot be achieved without innovative research on exploration and development theory and technology. The integration of exploration and development, geological engineering, and technology and economy must be adhered to. The complexity of deep, normal-pressured, and geological characteristics of new shale gas formations should be fully understood. In addition, policy support is also required.
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Key words:
- shale gas /
- deep strata /
- normal pressure /
- new formation /
- exploration /
- development trend
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图 3 涪陵国家级页岩气示范区焦石坝区块立体开发调整井网示意
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of three-dimensional development and adjustment of well network in Jiaoshiba block in Fuling National Shale Gas Demonstration Zone
图 4 四川盆地及周缘深层页岩气勘探有利目标评价
Figure 4. Evaluation of favorable targets for deep shale gas exploration in Sichuan Basin and its periphery
图 5 川东南地区不同埋深和地层压力条件下志留统龙马溪组页岩孔隙度
Figure 5. Porosity of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale under different burial depths and formation pressure conditions in southeastern Sichuan
图 6 四川盆地及周缘常压页岩气典型井分布
Figure 6. Typical well distribution of normal-pressured shale gas in Sichuan Basin and its periphery
表 1 四川盆地常压页岩气四种聚散模式对比
Table 1. Comparison of four accumulation modes of normal-pressured shale gas in Sichuan Basin
聚散模式 地质特征 典型构造 背斜型 正向构造利于页岩气富集，处于张性应力场，发育向上开口“V”字型裂缝，物性较好，含气量较高，裂缝越发育越利于富集高产 平桥背斜
东胜背斜
老厂坪背斜单斜型 深部位受储层非均质性等控制，保存条件较好，具有盆内气源补充，发育“E”字型层间缝，相对利于页岩气聚集 东胜南斜坡
阳春沟南斜坡反向逆断层遮挡型 受反向逆断层侧向封堵，页岩气滞留于断层下盘，发育“X”型剪节理，利于页岩气聚集 平桥断下盘
道真断下盘
阳春沟断层下盘残留向斜型 页岩四周出露，页岩气发生逸散，保存条件受埋深、剥蚀距离、走滑断层及地层倾角等影响，发育向下开口的“A”字型天然裂缝 武隆向斜
桑柘坪向斜
湾地向斜
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表 2 四川盆地白马区块各地质分区特点及对应开发技术政策、压裂技术
Table 2. Characteristics of each geological zone in Baima block of Sichuan Basin and corresponding exploration technology policies and fracturing technologies
大区 小区 构造单元 条件 综合评分 开发技术政策 压裂技术 压力系数 埋深/m 应力性质 穿行层位 井网井距/m 布井方位 水平段长/m 改造难点 压裂工艺 西区 西1区 和顺断鼻 0.9~1.0 2 600~3 500 强拉张 0.55 ③上 300~350 北东向 1 500~3 000 裂缝诱导作用强 前置暂堵改造 西2区 南斜坡1号断块 1.0~1.2 2 800~4 000 中弱挤压 0.67 ①上—③下 250~300 北西向 1 254~1 642 滤失大、影响裂缝延伸 降滤促缝+超大排量 东区 东1区 向斜北翼 1.0~1.1 3 000~4 100 中弱拉张—中弱挤压 0.63 ③上 300为主 北东向 1 500~3 000 滤失大、影响裂缝延伸 降滤促缝+超大排量 东2区 向斜核部 1.3~1.4 4 000~4 800 中强挤压 0.63 ①上—③下 250为主 北西向 1 462~2 220 应力高，裂缝欠发育 综合降压+暂堵 东3区 向斜南翼—南斜坡 1.0~1.3 2 600~4 000 中弱拉张—中弱挤压 0.74 ①上—③下 250~300 北西向 1 254~1 642 应力高，裂缝欠发育 综合降压+暂堵
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