Beneficial development practice and countermeasures of Baima block in Fuling shale gas field, Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 近年来，涪陵页岩气田在积极推进焦石坝等高压页岩气藏开发调整的同时，为了确保气田持续稳产能力，开发对象也向白马等复杂构造区块稳步拓展。基于白马区块构造变形强、地质条件复杂、单井产能低、开发难度大等问题，通过断裂带方解石U-Pb定年、三维应力场建模、地质工程一体化评价等技术方法，深入研究白马区块的构造变形期次、应力场分布特征、开发有利目标、开发技术对策等，取得了积极进展：提出了逆冲推覆作用力是涪陵地区海相常压页岩气藏构造变形差异的主控因素；创建了“两类6项”的开发选区评价参数体系，明确了白马向斜核部以南为效益建产最有利目标；形成了以天然裂缝发育特征为核心的差异化开发技术政策；形成了基于气井埋深、应力性质、裂缝等不同地质特征的工程工艺对策。在上述认识基础上，按照“整体部署、评建一体、平台接替”思路，2021—2022年部署实施开发井位30口，平均机械钻速提高38%，压裂施工速度提升2~3倍，单段压裂费用降至85万元，日产气量稳定在80万方，2022年年产气量达2.24亿方，基本实现了效益开发。Abstract: In recent years, while actively promoting the development and adjustment of high-pressure shale gas reservoirs such as Jiaoshiba shale gas reservoir, Fuling shale gas field has steadily expanded its development targets to Baima block and other complex structural blocks in order to ensure continuous and stable production capacity. Based on the strong structural deformation, complex geological conditions, low single-well productivity, and great development difficulty of Baima block, this paper deeply studies the tectonic deformation stages, stress field distribution characteristics, favorable targets, and development technical countermeasures of Baima block by means of fracture zone calcite U-Pb dating, three-dimensional stress field modeling, geoengineering integration evaluation and other technical methods, and has made positive progress: it is suggested that the thrust nappe force is the main controlling factor of the deformation difference of marine normal pressure shale gas reservoirs in Fuling area; the evaluation parameter system of "two categories, six items" for development area selection is established, and the south of Baima syncline core is identified as the most favorable target for beneficial development; a differentiated development technology policy based on the development characteristics of natural fractures has been formed; the engineering process countermeasures based on different geological characteristics such as gas well buried depth, stress property and crack are formed. On the basis of the above understanding, and in accordance with the idea of "overall deployment, evaluation-construction integration, and platform replacement", 30 development well locations were deployed and implemented in 2021-2022, the average ROP was increased by 38%, the fracturing rate was increased by 2-3 times, the single stage fracturing cost was reduced to 850 000 yuan, the daily gas output was stable at 800 000 square meters, and the annual gas output reached 224 million square meters in 2022, basically realizing beneficial development.
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Key words:
- normal pressure /
- shale gas /
- beneficial development /
- Fuling shale gas field /
- Sichuan Basin
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图 1 四川盆地白马区块上奥陶统五峰组底界构造
Figure 1. Structural map of the bottom boundary of Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation in Baima block, Sichuan Basin
图 2 四川盆地白马区块上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组一段沉积相
Figure 2. Sedimentary facies of the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-first member of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Baima block, Sichuan Basin
图 3 四川盆地白马区块应力方向及大小实测与模拟结果对比
Figure 3. Comparison between measured and simulated results of stress direction and magnitude in Baima block, Sichuan Basin
图 4 四川盆地白马区块不同井、井组压裂速度对比
Figure 4. Comparison of fracturing rate of different wells and well groups in Baima block, Sichuan Basin
表 1 四川盆地白马区块与焦石坝区块不同沉积微相页岩测井解释统计
Table 1. Statistics for logging interpretation of shales of different sedimentary microfacies in Baima and Jiaoshiba blocks, Sichuan Basin
沉积微相 井号 有机碳含量/% 硅质含量/% 孔隙度/% 吸游比 硅质深水陆棚微相 焦石坝 3.7 53 4.56 0.90 焦页A 3.6 48 3.39 1.21 焦页B 3.6 59 3.53 0.94 含黏土硅质深水陆棚微相 焦石坝 2.6 46 4.99 0.73 焦页A 2.5 44 3.48 0.95 焦页B 2.7 50 3.55 0.87 硅质黏土深水陆棚微相 焦石坝 2.0 43 3.78 0.69 焦页A 1.8 43 3.29 0.78 焦页B 1.9 47 2.26 1.05 黏土质深水陆棚微相 焦石坝 1.6 36 4.97 0.58 焦页A 1.6 36 4.21 0.65 焦页B 1.6 43 2.96 0.84 
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表 2 四川盆地白马区块与涪陵气田不同产建区构造特征对比
Table 2. Comparison of structural characteristics between different production and construction areas in Baima block and Fuling shale gas field, Sichuan Basin
区块 构造形态 断裂发育程度/(条/km2) 地层产状/(°) 埋深/m 最大主应力方向 焦石坝 箱状背斜 ＜0.05 ＜10 2 500~3 500 近东西向 江东 高陡斜坡 ＜0.1 5~20 3 000~4 000 近东西向 平桥 窄陡背斜 ＜0.1 5~30 2 500~4 000 北西—南东向 白马 窄陡背斜、高陡斜坡窄陡向斜、宽缓向斜 ＞0.3 5~50 2 000~4 800 北东—南西向北西—南东向
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表 3 四川盆地涪陵地区断裂带方解石U-Pb定年数据
Table 3. U-Pb dating of calcites from fracture zone in Fuling area, Sichuan Basin
断裂方向 典型断层 同位素年/Ma 构造期次 挤压方向 北东向断裂 齐岳山断层 135.43±8.12 燕山晚期 南东—北西向 47.67±5.58 喜马拉雅早期 北西—南东向 南北向断裂 乌江断层 27.8±4.8 喜马拉雅晚期 近东西向
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表 4 四川盆地白马区块页岩气开发选区地质参数体系
Table 4. Geological parameter system of shale gas development area selection in Baima block, Sichuan Basin
类别 含气性评价参数 可压性评价参数 孔隙度/% 压力系数 含气饱和度/% 埋深/m 天然裂缝(曲率) 应力性质 Ⅰ类 ≥4.0 ≥1.3 ≥60 ≤3 500 低值斑点状曲率
非均质性弱中—弱挤压 Ⅱ类 3.0~4.0 1.1~1.3 50~60 3 500~4 000 空白曲率或中值条带状曲率
非均质性弱中—弱拉张 Ⅲ类 2.0~3.0 0.9~1.3 40~50 4 000~4 500 单方向高值条带状曲率
非均质性强强挤压
强拉张Ⅳ类 ＜2.0 ＜0.9 ＜40 ＞4 500 多方向高值条带状曲率
非均质性强强挤压
强拉张
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