Progress in deep shale gas engineering technology in Weirong gas field in southern Sichuan
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摘要: 川南威荣气田是国内首个深层页岩气田，具有“一深、一薄、四高”的特点，钻完井、压裂及排采系列工程技术面临钻井周期长、改造体积小、复杂程度低、井筒流动规律复杂等挑战。针对复杂的地质挑战，不断深化地质认识，深度融合气藏地质与工程技术，围绕降本增效，以突破深层页岩气效益关为目标，持续攻关钻采工程工艺。历经三轮探索优化，钻井技术强化提高机械钻速，减少井下复杂情况风险，缩短钻井周期；压裂工艺优化裂缝配置提升复杂裂缝广度，转换思路大排量扩缝高携砂一体化实现了缝控体积的增加和支撑；排采工艺基于气液两相流研究识别井筒流态，形成全生命周期排采工艺决策方法。最终形成了以“精细轨迹控制优快钻井”、“裂缝均衡扩展强支撑压裂”、“全周期有效排采”为核心的工程技术序列，持续推进效益开发进程。所提出的深层页岩气开发工程技术在威荣气田累计新建产能25亿方，为国内外深层页岩气工程技术发展积累了宝贵经验，也为下一步超深层页岩气开发提供了探索方向。Abstract: Weirong gas field is the first deep shale gas field in China, with the characteristics of "deep burial depth, thin high-quality reservoirs, high ground stress, high horizontal stress difference, high plasticity and high formation pressure". The engineering technologies of drilling, completion, fracturing, and drainage face challenges such as long drilling cycles, small renovation volumes, low complexity, and complex wellbore flow laws. In response to complex geological challenges, we continuously enhance geological understanding, deeply integrate gas reservoir geology and engineering technology, and continue to research the drilling and production engineering technology with the goal of reducing costs and increasing efficiency and breaking through the benefits of deep shale gas. After three rounds of exploration and optimization of drilling technology, we strengthen and improve mechanical drilling speed, reduce downhole complexity, and shorten drilling cycles. The optimization of fracture configuration in fracturing technology has increased the breadth of complex fractures, and the integration of large displacement expansion and high sand carrying has achieved the increase and support of fracture control volume. The drainage process is based on gas-liquid two-phase flow research to identify wellbore flow patterns, forming a decision-making method for the entire lifecycle drainage process. Finally, an engineering technology sequence focusing on "fine trajectory control for optimal and fast drilling", "balanced expansion of fractures for strong support fracturing", and "full cycle effective drainage" was formed, continuously promoting the process of benefit deve-lopment. With the deep shale gas development engineering technology proposed herein, an accumulated new production capacity of 2.5 billion cubic meters in Weirong gas field has been completed, providing valuable experience for deep shale gas engineering technology at home and abroad, as well as a direction for further exploration and research in ultra-deep shale gas development.
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图 1 页岩气井井身结构优化调整过程
Figure 1. Optimization and adjustment process of shale gas wellbore structure
图 2 川南深层页岩气年度钻井井下故障率
Figure 2. Annual downhole failure rate of deep shale gas in southern Sichuan
图 4 施工排量与裂缝内净压力的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between construction displacement and net pressure inside fractures
图 6 深层页岩气全生命周期能量—流型图
Figure 6. Full life cycle energy-flow pattern diagram of deep shale gas
表 1 威荣—永川气藏与国内外典型页岩气藏地质工程参数对比
Table 1. Comparison of geological engineering parameters among Weirong-Yongchuan gas reservoirs and typical shale gas reservoirs at home and abroad
项目 威荣 永川 焦石坝 长宁 Haynesville 埋深/m 3 550~3 880 3 800~4 200 2 400~3 500 2 300~3 200 3 200~3 900 压力系数 1.9~2.1 1.6~2.0 1.35~1.55 1.4~2.03 1.60~2.00 储层厚度/m 27~39 35~50 38~44 25~35 61~107 孔隙度/% 4.6~6.5 5~6 2.5~7.1 3.5~7.0 8.0~9.0 ω(TOC)/% 2.8~3.6 2.2~2.6 2.0~8.0 2.8~5.3 0.5~4.0 含气量/(m3/t) 5~8 5~9 4.7~5.7 4.86~5.5 7.1~8.5 硅质含量/% 38 42 43.78 25.8~67.6 25~52 脆性矿物/% 60 55 56~83 57.8~60.1 65~80 泊松比 0.23 0.25 0.19~0.24 0.16~0.24 0.23~0.27 杨氏模量/GPa 21.6 26.8 25~49 13~41 14~21 脆性指数 0.43 0.4 0.45~0.54 0.42~0.43 0.37~0.55 最小水平应力/MPa 86~98 90~100 48.3~58.4 49~60 ＜84 应力差/MPa 10~16 10~20 5~8.2 16.7~18.3 ＜5 
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表 2 钻井工艺参数优化
Table 2. Optimization of drilling process parameters
开次 钻头Φ/mm 型号 钻压/kN 优化前转速/(r/min) 排量/(L/s) 钻压/kN 优化后转速/(r/min) 排量/(L/s) 一开 406.4 TS619/KS1662 40~80 60 55~65 60~120 70~80 60~65 二开 311.2 TS716/KMD1663/ES1645 60~160 60 55~60 100~180 70~80 60~70 三开 215.9 AT505/TK56/MDI516 60~120 60 28~30 80~160 70~80 32~35
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表 3 深层页岩气差异化排采对策
Table 3. Differential drainage and production measures for deep shale gas
生产通道 生产阶段 参数特征 排采决策 套管 自喷生产 压力系数>1 控压采气 压力系数0.5~1，套压>21 MPa 压力系数0.5~1，套压＜21 MPa 下油管 携液困难 压力系数＜0.5 油管 自喷生产 环状流型、积液高度＜100 m 控压采气 轻度积液 段塞流型，积液高度＜400 m 自身能量排采 重度积液 积液高度>400 m 人工增能排采 泡状流型
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