Application of measurement and control technology in deep and normal pressure shale gas exploration and development
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摘要: 深层、常压页岩气是中国石化页岩气增储上产的重点领域。面临效益开发的困难，对井筒测控技术提出了提速降本、提产增效的更高要求。为了准确评价页岩气储层，开展了储层微观特征定量表征、孔隙压力系数预测、含气量计算、低阻页岩评价和可压性评价研究，形成了比较成熟的页岩气“双甜点”精细评价技术。为了提高深层优质页岩钻遇率，打造了定测录导一体化工作模式，基于多属性地质建模，测录震多专业融合，形成了复杂构造区水平井地质导向技术。针对不同工区工程地质特征的差异，明确了旋转导向和螺杆+MWD两种提速技术的适用范围，实现分类施策提速提效。为了配合大规模体积压裂，研发应用了多级射孔桥塞联作、等孔径射孔、高温井下微地震监测和“牵引器+DAS光纤”压裂监测等多项技术。研究形成的页岩气“双甜点”精细评价技术、提高储层钻遇率技术、钻井提速和压裂提产配套技术，在深层、常压页岩气领域得到广泛应用，较好地支撑了勘探开发。下一步，需要进一步发挥定测录导一体化优势，不断推进测控技术创新，在新层系/新类型页岩气解释评价、高温测控仪器和工具研制、基础资料录取等方向持续攻关，全力保障深层、常压页岩气高质量勘探与效益开发。Abstract: Deep and normal-pressure shale gas is the key field of shale gas exploration and development of SINOPEC. At present, this type of shale gas is faced with difficulties in the beneficial development. In order to increase the productivity of single well and further reduce cost and increase efficiency, higher technical requirements are put forward for wellbore measurement and control technology. In order to accurately evaluate shale gas reservoirs, quantitative characterization of reservoir micro-characteristics, prediction of pore pressure coefficient, calculation of gas content, evaluation of low-resistivity shale, and compressibility evaluation of shale gas reservoirs have been carried out, forming a relatively mature shale gas "double sweet spots" fine evaluation technology. In order to improve the drilling rate of deep high-quality shale, a working model integrating directional drilling, mud logging, logging and steering is created. Based on multi-attribute geological modeling and well-to-seismic integration, the geosteering technology for horizontal wells in complex structural areas is formed. According to the difference of geological characteristics in different blocks, the application scopes of the two drilling speed improvement technologies, namely rotary steering and screw + MWD, are defined, thus realizing targeted measures for speed improvement. To meet the requirements of large-scale volumetric fracturing, a number of technologies such as multi-stage perforating bridge plug combined operation, equal aperture perforation, high temperature underground microseismic monitoring and "tractor + DAS fiber" fracturing monitoring have been developed and applied. The shale gas "double sweet spots" fine evaluation technology, the technology for improving reservoir drilling rate, and the technology for increasing drilling speed and fracturing performance have been widely used in deep and normal-pressure shale gas field, which well support the exploration and development of deep and normal-pressure shale gas. Next, SINOPEC will give full play to its advantages in the technology integrating directional drilling, mud logging, logging and steering, continue to promote measurement and control technology innovation, and continue to solve key problems in the interpretation and evaluation technology of new formations/new types of shale gas, the development of high-temperature measurement and control instruments and tools, and the acquisition of basic data, so as to fully guarantee the high-quality exploration and cost-effective development of deep and normal-pressure shale gas.
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图 1 多尺度页岩气储层微观表征技术
Figure 1. Multi-scale microscopic characterization technology for shale gas reservoirs
图 2 孔隙压力系数预测技术应用与效果
Figure 2. Application and effect of pore pressure coefficient prediction technology
图 3 四川盆地WY23-1井含气量计算结果对比
Figure 3. Comparison of gas content calculation results of well WY23-1 in Sichuan Basin
图 4 页岩储层电阻率与总有机碳含量、热成熟度的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between resistivity and TOC, Ro in shale reservoirs
图 5 四川盆地S2井可压性评价结果
Figure 5. Compressibility evaluation results of well S2 in Sichuan Basin
图 7 2021年以来四川盆地页岩气领域螺杆施工情况
Figure 7. Application of screw drilling tools in shale gas reservoirs in Sichuan Basin since 2021
表 1 实测压力系数与预测压力系数对比
Table 1. Comparison of measured and predicted pressure coefficients
井名 实测压力系数 预测压力系数 日产能/(104 m3) 备注 SY1 1.30 1.33 7.10 微压测试 JY194-3 1.35 1.41 34.30 微压测试 JY10 1.18 1.21 18.90 微压测试 LY1 1.08 1.03 5.00 微压测试 PY1 0.98 1.04 2.52 微压测试 SY5 1.18 1.23 15.00 微压测试 SY6 1.28 1.21 13.20 微压测试 JY10-10 1.15 1.20 9.01 微压测试 LY3 1.32 1.16 17.19 微压测试 
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表 2 复杂构造区微断层的综合识别模式
Table 2. Comprehensive identification method for microfaults in complex structural areas
序号 地层模式 地震属性 伽马值变化率 特征元素图版 判别结果 1 伽马值比较稳定 无异常 0.81~1.25 地层连续 正常地层 2 伽马值突增 有异常或无异常 ＞1.25 钻遇断层 3 伽马值突降 有异常或无异常 ＜0.80 钻遇断层 4 伽马值比较稳定 有异常或无异常 0.92~1.25 地层缺失 钻遇断层
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表 3 四川盆地威荣工区不同钻井方式机械钻速对比
Table 3. Comparison of drilling rate with different drilling methods in Weirong area, Sichuan Basin
年份 平均机械钻速/(m/h) 旋导 常规 2021 8.94 4.02 2022 8.15 6.16 2023 8.53 4.65
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