Shale oil reservoir characteristics and exploration implication in Da'anzhai Member of Jurassic Ziliujing Formation in central Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 为进一步指导四川盆地侏罗系自流井组大安寨段页岩油的勘探与开发，亟需理清页岩油的有利赋存岩相。通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、高压压汞、核磁共振、岩石热解等实验，分析大安寨段页岩层系不同岩相的储集空间类型、孔隙结构特征及含油性。结果表明，大安寨段主要发育块状(泥质)介壳灰岩、层状泥质介壳灰岩、层状介壳页岩、纹层状含介壳页岩、块状含介壳黏土质页岩和页理状含粉砂黏土质页岩6类岩相；页岩物性远优于介壳灰岩，且随着灰质含量的增加孔径逐渐增大，但总孔体积和总连通体积逐渐减小；大安寨段页岩层系平均游离油(S1)值为1.31 mg/g，含油性中等，页理状含粉砂黏土质页岩与纹层状含介壳页岩S1值较高，分别为2.37 mg/g与1.82 mg/g。页理状含粉砂黏土质页岩和纹层状含介壳页岩的储集性较好、含油性较高，两者构成的岩相组合可作为大安寨段页岩油的重点勘探对象。Abstract: To further guide the exploration and development of shale oil in the Da'anzhai Member of the Jurassic Ziliujing Formation in the Sichuan Basin, it is urgent to clarify the favorable lithofacies of shale oil. In this study, core observation, thin section authentication, high pressure mercury injection, NMR, rock pyrolysis analysis and other experiments were used to analyze the reservoir space types, pore structure characteristics and oil-bearing properties of different lithofacies of shale series in the Da'anzhai Member. The results show that mainly six types of lithofacies are developed in the Da'anzhai Member: massive (argillaceous) shell limestone, layered argillaceous shell limestone, layered shell shale, laminar shell-bearing shale, massive shell-bearing clay shale and foliated siltstone-bearing clay shale. The physical properties of shale in the Da'anzhai Member are much better than those of shell limestone, and with the increase of calcareous content, the pore size of the shale gradually increases, but the total pore volume and total connected volume gradually decrease. The average free oil value (S1) of the shale series in the Da'anzhai Member is 1.31 mg/g, with moderate oil-bearing property. The S1 values of the foliated siltstone-bearing clay shale and the laminar shell-bearing shale are relatively higher, which are 2.37 mg/g and 1.82 mg/g, respectively. In summary, it is believed that the foliated siltstone-bearing clay shale and the laminar shell-bearing shale have good reservoir properties and high oil-bearing properties. The lithofacies combination of the two can be a key exploration target for shale oil in the Da'anzhai Member.
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Key words:
- reservoir space /
- oil-bearing property /
- shale oil /
- reservoir characteristics /
- Da'anzhai Member /
- Jurassic /
- Sichuan Basin
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图 1 四川盆地构造单元划分、研究区位置(a)及侏罗系自流井组大安寨段地层特征(b)
据参考文献[13]修改。
Figure 1. Tectonic unit division of Sichuan Basin, location of study area (a) and stratigraphic characteristics of Da'anzhai Member of Jurassic Ziliujing Formation (b)
图 2 川中侏罗系自流井组大安寨段典型岩性特征
a.RA1井，3 474.74~7 474.99 m，块状泥晶生屑灰岩；b.RA1井，2 438.44~2 438.63 m，块状泥质介壳灰岩；c.RA1井，2 436.95~2 437.16 m，含生屑页岩与介壳灰岩纹层状(毫米级)互层；d.RA1井，2 487.6~2 487.78 m，含生物页岩与介壳灰岩层状(厘米级)互层；e.RA1井，2 443.61~2 443.74 m，块状含介壳泥岩；f.RA1井，3 292.99~3 293.21 m，块状页理状纯页岩；g.RA1井，3 481.28~3 481.53 m，粉砂质泥岩；h.Q20井，2 869.6 m，亮晶介壳灰岩；i.Q25井，2 859.18 m，泥晶生屑灰岩；j.LA1井，3 502.7 m，中层含泥介壳灰岩；k.LA1井，3 514.6 m，叠椎构造；l.LA1井，3 507.3 m，纹层含介壳黏土质页岩；m.LA1井，3 532.3 m，块状含粉砂黏土质页岩；n.LA1井，3 528.55 m，含介壳页岩；o.LA1井，3 487.06 m，页理状含粉砂黏土质页岩。
Figure 2. Typical lithological characteristics of Da'anzhai Member of Jurassic Ziliujing Formation in central Sichuan Basin
图 3 川中侏罗系自流井组大安寨段页岩储集空间类型
a.G6井，2 535.18 m，黏土矿物粒内孔；b.G6井，2 538.31 m，发育粒间孔，微裂缝定向排列；c.RA1井，2 458.6 m，方解石晶间孔；d.G6井，2 538.31 m，方解石晶间孔与微裂缝；e.G6井，2 538.31 m，泥质和钙质条带之间发育微裂缝；f.G6井，2 538.31 m，石英粒间孔；g.RA1井，2 462.1 m，半有机质孔，有机质边缘缝；h.RA1井，2 464.5 m，有机孔；i.RA1井，2 464.5 m，黄铁矿晶间孔。
Figure 3. Shale reservoir space types in Da'anzhai Member of Jurassic Ziliujing Formation in central Sichuan Basin
图 4 川中侏罗系自流井组大安寨段不同岩相块状样品高压压汞进汞曲线及孔径分布
Figure 4. High pressure mercury injection curves and pore size distribution of different lithofacies of block samples in Da'anzhai Member of Jurassic Ziliujing Formation in central Sichuan Basin
图 5 川中LA1井侏罗系自流井组大安寨段页岩层系不同岩相饱和水核磁共振T2谱图
Figure 5. Water-saturated NMR T2 spectrum of different lithofacies of shale series in Da'anzhai Member of Jurassic Ziliujing Formation in central Sichuan Basin
图 6 川中侏罗系自流井组大安寨段不同岩相核磁共振孔隙体积相对占比统计
Figure 6. Statistical histograms of NMR pore volume relative proportion of different lithofacies in Da'anzhai Member of Jurassic Ziliujing Formation in central Sichuan Basin
图 7 川中侏罗系自流井组大安寨段不同岩相核磁共振峰面积统计
Figure 7. Statistical histograms of NMR peak area of different lithofacies in Da'anzhai Member of Jurassic Ziliujing Formation in central Sichuan Basin
图 8 川中侏罗系自流井组大安寨段页岩层系岩石矿物组成与孔隙度之间的关系
Figure 8. Relationship between rock mineral composition and porosity of shale series in Da'anzhai Member of Jurassic Ziliujing Formation in central Sichuan Basin
图 9 川中侏罗系自流井组大安寨段各类岩相典型的单偏光照片及其对应的荧光照片
a.RA1，2 435.28 m，介壳灰岩，完整的介壳不发荧光；b.RA1，2 451.08 m，泥质介壳灰岩，介壳破碎缝和边缘缝含油；c.RA1，2 456.34 m，层状介壳页岩，泥岩基质孔和介壳破碎缝中含油；d.RA1，2 440.35，块状含介壳页岩，泥岩基质孔和介壳破碎缝中含油；e.RA1，2 464.5 m，黏土质泥页岩，微裂缝和基质孔中含油；f.G6井，2 549.32 m，页理状含粉砂黏土质页岩，微裂缝中含油。
Figure 9. Typical single-frequency polarized light photos of various lithofacies in Da'anzhai Member of Jurassic Ziliujing Formation in central Sichuan Basin and their corresponding fluorescence photos
图 10 川中侏罗系自流井组大安寨段不同岩相S1值和氯仿沥青“A”含量交会图
Figure 10. Cross plots of different lithofacies pyrolysis parameter S1 and chloroform bitumen "A" content in Da'anzhai Member of Jurassic Ziliujing Formation in central Sichuan Basin
表 1 川中侏罗系自流井组大安寨段页岩孔隙类型及形态特征
Table 1. Pore types and morphologic characteristics of shale in Da'anzhai Member of Jurassic Ziliujing Formation in central Sichuan Basin
孔隙类型 孔隙属性 孔径/μm 样品数/个 圆度 伸长率 面积/μm2 周长/μm 粒内孔 有机质孔 0.37 3.49 1.37 5.09 0.5~10 20 粒内孔 黄铁矿晶间孔 0.41 3.43 1.09 4.78 0.2~5 12 粒内孔 黏土粒内孔 0.31 4.44 0.66 4.34 0.5~5 15 粒间孔 石英粒间孔 0.54 2.10 5.87 9.32 0.2~10 12 粒间孔 方解石晶间孔 0.46 2.59 0.83 4.04 0.5~5 20 粒间孔 有机质边缘孔 0.16 9.08 5.58 34.30 1~20 25 微裂缝 0.07 19.50 329.37 280.64 20~220 32 
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表 2 川中侏罗系自流井组大安寨段不同岩相页岩(块状样品)高压压汞实验数据统计
Table 2. Statistics of high pressure mercury pressure experimental data of different lithofacies of shale (block samples) in Da'anzhai Member of Jurassic Ziliujing Formation in central Sichuan Basin
井号 编号 深度/m 岩相 门槛压力/MPa 总进汞量/(mL/g) 孔隙度/% 平均孔径/nm 总孔体积/(mL/g) 比表面积/(m2/g) RA1 1 2 471.00 层状介壳页岩 0.039 2 0.008 1.951 205.430 0.008 0.145 RA1 2 2 473.77 块状含介壳黏土质页岩 0.023 6 0.015 3.847 16.500 0.015 3.651 RA1 3 2 487.60 纹层状含介壳页岩 0.004 6 0.010 2.532 36.560 0.010 1.077 G10 4 2 686.70 页理状含粉砂黏土质页岩 0.089 4 0.033 7.680 15.980 0.033 8.254 PC1 5 3 180.01 块状介壳灰岩 0.023 3 0.005 1.401 651.970 0.005 0.033
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