鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田太原组低品质气藏储层微观特征及形成机理

张涛; 巩肖可; 黄朝; 曹青赟; 孟凤鸣; 董占民; 陈朝兵; 王恒力

doi:10.11781/sysydz202401032

鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田太原组低品质气藏储层微观特征及形成机理

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202401032

张涛^1,,
巩肖可¹,
黄朝¹,
曹青赟¹,
孟凤鸣¹,
董占民¹,
陈朝兵^{2, 3, ,},
王恒力⁴

1.
中国石油天然气股份有限公司长庆油田分公司第二采气厂, 西安 710200
2.
西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院, 西安 710065
3.
陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室, 西安 710065
4.
延安大学石油工程与环境工程学院, 陕西延安 716000

基金项目:

国家科技重大专项 2011ZX05044

国家科技重大专项 2016ZX05050006

中国石化科技攻关项目 P14150

详细信息

作者简介:
张涛(1984-), 男, 高级工程师, 从事天然气开发地质工作。E-mail: ztao3_cq@petrochina.com.cn

通讯作者:
陈朝兵(1984-), 男, 副教授, 从事储层评价及成藏机理研究。E-mail: zbchen@xsyu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TE122.23
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-01
- 修回日期: 2023-12-06
- 刊出日期: 2024-01-28

Micro characteristics and formation mechanism of low-quality gas reservoirs in Taiyuan Formation of Shenmu Gas Field, Ordos Basin

1.
Second Gas Production Plant, Changing Oilfield Company, Petrochina, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710020, China
2.
College of Earth Sciences & Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
3.
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Geology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
4.
School of Petroleum Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, China

摘要

摘要: 鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田与周边气田开发效果差异较大，表现出低品质气藏特征，给气田勘探部署及持续稳产带来一定困扰。为了揭示低品质气藏成因，基于不同尺度微观实验手段，对神木气田太原组储层开展了微观特征及形成机理研究。结果表明，神木气田太原组储层具有“富石英、贫长石、岩屑含量较高”的特征，发育小孔—细喉型孔喉组合，孔喉连通性较差，储渗能力较弱，为低孔—超低渗致密砂岩储层；太原组低品质储层的形成受杂基、喷发岩岩屑含量及成岩作用的共同影响。储层在形成过程中，受晚石炭世—早二叠世鄂尔多斯盆地北部内蒙古古隆起火山活动的影响明显，砂岩内喷发岩岩屑和杂基含量普遍较高，喷发岩岩屑为次生孔隙的发育提供了主要物质基础，杂基在堵塞孔隙的同时也产生了一定数量杂基溶孔，对储层的影响具有双重性。成岩过程中的溶蚀作用对于太原组储层的形成至关重要，增孔效应占现今孔隙度的64.3%。晚白垩世末期，燕山运动末幕导致鄂尔多斯盆地构造反转，气水重新调整，盆地东部天然气沿断裂部分逸散，最终形成了现今神木气田太原组的低品质气藏。神木气田下一步勘探重点应在摸清成岩作用宏观展布规律及有利岩性圈闭的基础上，寻找高含量喷发岩岩屑和低含量杂基的发育区。
- 成岩作用 /
- 孔喉结构 /
- 凝灰质杂基 /
- 构造反转 /
- 太原组 /
- 神木气田 /
- 鄂尔多斯盆地
Abstract: Shenmu Gas Field in Ordos Basin shows the characteristics of low quality gas reservoir, and its deve-lopment effect is quite different from that of surrounding gas fields, which brings some problems to the exploration deployment and sustainable production of the gas field. In order to reveal the origin of low-quality gas reservoirs, the microscopic characteristics and formation mechanism of Taiyuan Formation reservoirs in Shenmu Gas Field were studied based on microscopic experiments at different scales. The results show that the reservoir of Taiyuan Formation in Shenmu Gas Field is characterized by "rich in quartz, poor in feldspar, and high content of rock detritus". The reservoir of Taiyuan Formation is a low porosity and ultra-low permeability tight sandstone reservoir with small pore-fine throat combination, poor pore throat connectivity, and weak reservoir permeability. The formation of low-quality reservoirs in Taiyuan Formation is affected by the matrix, the content of rock detritus in eruptive rocks and diagenesis. During the late Carboniferous to early Permian, the formation of the reservoir was significantly affected by the volcanic activity of the Inner Mongolia ancient uplift in the north of the Ordos Basin. The content of matrix and rock detritus of the eruptive rock in the sandstone was generally high. The rock detritus of the eruptive rock provided the main material basis for the development of secondary pores. While the matrix blocked the pores, it also produced a certain number of matrix dissolved pores, which had a dual impact on the reservoir. The dissolution during diagenesis is critical to the formation of Taiyuan Formation reservoir, and the increased porosity accounts for 64.3% of the current porosity. At the end of the Late Cretaceous, the late Yanshan movement led to the structural inversion of the Ordos Basin, the readjustment of gas and water, and the escape of natural gas along the fault in the eastern part of the basin. Finally, the low quality gas reservoir of Taiyuan Formation in Shenmu Gas Field is formed. The next exploration focus of Shenmu Gas Field should be based on the clear macro distribution law of diagenesis and favorable lithologic traps, and further search for the development area with high content of eruptive rock detritus and low content of matrix.
- diagenesis /
- pore throat structure /
- tuffaceous matrix /
- structural inversion /
- Taiyuan Formation /
- Shenmu Gas Field /
- Ordos Basin
注释:

利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

All authors disclose no relevant conflict of interests.

作者贡献/Authors’Contributions

张涛、巩肖可、黄朝、曹青赟参与论文研究框架设计及撰写工作；孟凤鸣、董占民参与了储层的分析测试工作；张涛、陈朝兵、王恒力参与了论文的修改工作。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

The study was designed and the manuscript was drafted by ZHANG Tao, GONG Xiaoke, HUANG Chao and CAO Qingyun. The experimental operation was completed by MENG Fengming and DONG Zhanmin. The manuscript was revised by ZHANG Tao, CHEN Zhaobing and WANG Hengli. All the authors have read the last version of paper and consented for submission.

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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田构造位置及地层柱状图

a.构造位置及周边物源岩性分布；b.太原期古构造背景^[26]；c.太原组地层综合柱状图

Figure 1. Structural location and stratigraphic column of Shenmu Gas Field in Ordos Basin

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图 2 鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田太原组储层岩性及物性特征

Figure 2. Reservoir lithology and physical properties of Taiyuan Formation in Shenmu Gas Field, Ordos Basin

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图 3 鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田太原组储层微观特征

a.毛发状伊利石及晶间孔，S108，2 192.5 m，扫描电镜；b.书页状高岭石及晶间孔，S108，2 192.5m，扫描电镜；c.铁白云石与伊利石胶结物，S175，2 412.0 m，扫描电镜；d.菱铁矿胶结物，S131，2 699.5 m，QEMSCAN；e.岩石矿物及孔隙分布特征，S131，2 699.5 m，QEMSCAN；f.硅质胶结发育，S131，2 701.1 m，铸体薄片；g.黄铁矿胶结物，S150，2 377.6 m，扫描电镜；h.棕黄色凝灰质杂基充填孔隙，S75，2 099.7 m，铸体薄片；i.杂基溶孔及高岭石晶间孔，S75，2 097.6 m，铸体薄片；j.喉道及杂基溶孔特征，S108，2 192.5 m，铸体薄片；k.杂基混杂堆积，无固定晶形，S75，2 099.7 m，扫描电镜；l.伊利石胶结物与单晶石英共生，S107，2 075.5 m，扫描电镜；m.喷发岩岩屑溶孔及残余斑晶，S20，1 982.6 m，铸体薄片；n.杂基蚀变形成高岭石晶间孔及岩屑溶孔，S107，2 075.5 m，铸体薄片；o.片状喉道及杂基溶孔特征，S150，2 377.6 m，铸体薄片；p.残余粒间孔，S20，1 989.9 m，扫描电镜。

Figure 3. Microscopic characteristics of Taiyuan Formation reservoir in Shenmu Gas Field, Ordos Basin

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图 4 鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田太原组孔隙类型及结构参数直方图

Figure 4. Histograms of pore types and structural parameters of Taiyuan Formation in Shenmu Gas Field, Ordos Basin

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图 5 鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田太原组储层CT扫描成像特征及孔喉定量表征

Figure 5. CT scan imaging characteristics and pore throat quantitative characterization of Taiyuan Formation reservoir in Shenmu Gas Field, Ordos Basin

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图 6 鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田太原组杂基含量与储层关系

Figure 6. Relationship between hetero-base content and reservoir in Taiyuan Formation of Shenmu Gas Field in Ordos Basin

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图 7 鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田太原组储层岩屑类型及特征

Figure 7. Rock detritus types and characteristics of Taiyuan Formation in Shenmu Gas Field, Ordos Basin

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图 8 鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田太原组储层岩屑镜下特征(正交镜下)

a.石英岩岩屑，S108，2 194.1 m；b.变质砂岩岩屑，S175，2 411.8 m；c.喷发岩岩屑，S108，2 192.5 m；d.喷发岩岩屑，S20，1 989.9 m。

Figure 8. Microscopic characteristics of rock detritus in Taiyuan Formation of Shenmu Gas Field, Ordos Basin (orthogonal microscopy)

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图 9 鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田太原组储层孔隙演化模式

Figure 9. Reservoir pore evolution model of Taiyuan Formation in Shenmu Gas Field, Ordos Basin

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图 10 鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化及太原组低品质气藏形成模式

Figure 10. Tectonic evolution of Ordos Basin and formation model of low-quality gas reservoirs in Taiyuan Formation

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表 1 鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田太原组储层填隙物统计

Table 1. Statistics of reservoir interstitials in Taiyuan Formation of Shenmu Gas Field in Ordos Basin

样品编号	深度/m	碎屑颗粒/%	填隙物/%	胶结物/%											杂基/%
				黏土矿物			碳酸盐矿物				泥铁质	硅质	黄铁矿	其他
				伊利石	高岭石	绿泥石	铁方石	铁白石	白云石	菱铁矿	泥铁质	硅质	黄铁矿	其他
S20	1 981.8	81.8	18.2	5.0	1.0	0.5	0.5	0.0	0.2	1.0	0.0	1.0	1.0	0.0	8.0
S20	1 989.2	75.5	24.5	6.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.0	7.0	2.0	0.5	0.0	0.5	7.5
SH83	2 455.2	84.0	16.0	7.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	2.0	0.0	4.0	1.0	0.5	1.0	0.0	0.0
S75	2 097.2	70.5	29.5	9.0	2.0	0.0	0.0	4.0	0.0	0.0	0.5	2.0	0.0	0.0	12.0
S75	2 098.0	67.8	32.2	15.0	1.0	0.0	0.2	5.0	1.0	2.0	5.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.0
S131	2 699.5	60.4	39.6	11.0	0.0	1.0	0.0	4.0	0.0	7.0	0.0	1.0	0.5	0.1	15.0
SH153	2 482.0	78.5	21.5	12.0	2.0	0.0	0.0	3.0	0.5	0.0	2.0	2.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
SH153	2 473.9	83.0	17.0	8.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.0	0.0	1.0	0.0	0.0	6.0
S107	2 076.3	76.5	23.5	7.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.5	0.0	1.5	3.0	1.0	0.0	0.0	9.0
S108	2 195.7	73.0	27.0	10.0	0.5	0.0	0.5	1.0	0.5	1.0	0.0	0.5	1.0	0.0	12.0
S108	2 202.8	79.8	20.2	8.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.0	0.5	0.0	0.2	8.5
S108	2 187.5	73.0	27.0	10.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	2.0	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.5	0.5	0.0	13.0
SH175	2 414.0	77.8	22.2	8.0	0.0	0.0	2.0	0.0	0.2	0.0	2.0	4.0	0.0	0.0	6.0
SH175	2 406.0	81.0	19.0	12.0	0.0	0.5	0.0	2.5	0.0	3.0	0.0	0.5	0.5	0.0	0.0
SH175	2 411.0	86.0	14.0	6.0	2.5	0.2	0.8	0.0	0.5	0.0	1.0	1.0	0.0	0.0	2.0
平均含量/%		76.4	23.6	9.0	0.7	0.1	0.3	1.7	0.2	1.9	1.3	1.1	0.3	0.1	6.8

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表 2 鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田太原组砂岩孔隙演化定量计算方法

Table 2. Quantitative calculation method for pore evolution of sandstone in Taiyuan Formation of Shenmu Gas Field in Ordos Basin

孔隙恢复	孔隙演化定量计算公式
原始孔隙度Φ₁	Φ₁= 20.91 +(22.9/ S₀)，式中：S₀为Trask分选系数，S₀=(Q₁/ Q₃)^1/2，其中Q₁、Q₃为粒度概率累计曲线25%和75%处的粒径大小
压实作用后剩余孔隙度Φ₂	Φ₂=(粒间孔面孔率+填隙物溶孔面孔率)×物性分析孔隙度/总面孔率+填隙物含量
胶结作用后剩余孔隙度Φ₃	Φ₃=粒间孔面孔率×物性分析孔隙度/总面孔率
溶蚀作用增加孔隙度Φ₄	Φ₄=溶蚀孔面孔率×物性分析孔隙度/总面孔率
计算目前孔隙度Φ₅	Φ₅ = Φ₃ + Φ₄
误差δ	δ=(计算目前孔隙度-实测物性孔隙度)/实测物性孔隙度
注：公式来源参见参考文献[31-33]。

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表 3 鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田太原组储层孔隙演化统计

Table 3. Reservoir pore evolution statistics of Taiyuan Formation in Shenmu Gas Field, Ordos Basin

样品号	原始孔隙度Φ₁/%	杂基充填残余孔隙/%	压实作用后剩余孔隙度Φ₂/%	胶结作用剩余孔隙度Φ₃/%	溶蚀作用增加孔隙度Φ₄/%	计算现今孔隙度Φ₅/%	实测现今孔隙度/%	误差δ/%
S3-1	37.8	31.1	13.2	2.3	4.5	6.8	7.1	-4.2
S3-2	38.2	30.3	12.3	1.9	3.6	5.5	5.7	-3.5
S102-1	36.5	28.2	11.5	3.6	5.3	8.9	8.5	4.7
S102-2	37.2	26.6	14.2	4.2	6.8	11.0	10.6	3.8
S30-1	34.5	29.2	10.3	2.5	7.1	9.6	9.3	3.2
S30-2	33.2	28.4	14.8	2.9	3.8	6.7	6.8	-1.5
S102-1	37.6	28.0	18.2	2.7	5.5	8.2	8.6	-4.7
S102-2	34.1	29.5	12.8	3.6	6.9	10.5	10.5	0.0
SH15-1	35.9	27.0	14.1	4.1	4.8	8.9	9.1	-2.2
SH15-2	38.6	29.1	16.3	2.8	6.8	9.6	9.3	3.2
SH8-1	36.9	30.8	12.6	1.7	6.1	7.8	7.9	-1.3
SH8-2	37.8	33.0	16.3	2.3	5.8	8.1	8.0	1.3
SH8-3	36.1	26.4	15.4	4.6	4.1	8.7	8.7	0.0
SH44-1	38.2	32.5	13.9	5.1	2.9	8.0	7.6	5.3
SH44-2	37.6	31.4	9.6	2.3	3.8	6.1	6.3	-3.2
SH49-1	37.3	33.2	15.2	1.9	6.8	8.7	8.4	3.6
SH49-2	34.1	27.9	14.6	3.3	7.1	10.4	10.1	3.0
SH49-3	35.3	31.5	13.6	2.1	5.8	7.9	7.6	3.9
平均/范围	36.5	29.7	13.8	3.0	5.4	8.4	8.3	-4.7~5.3

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