Eocene sporopollen assemblage from Ramree Island, Myanmar and its palaeoenvironment significance
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摘要: 为配合中缅合作的M区块油气勘探，确定该区块英雄岛含油气地层时代与沉积环境，对缅甸英雄岛R-3井2 562~2 844 m井段10个烃源岩样品进行了孢粉实验分析。通过观察，在每个样品中均发现了较丰富的孢粉化石，共鉴定出85属135种或未定种。该井段的孢粉化石以Momipites和Quercoidites含量丰富，始新世常见分子Sabalpolllenites areolatus断续出现，并见有特征分子Schizaeoisporites eocenicus为主要特征，根据孢粉特征分子和优势属种的分布规律，命名为Schizaeoisporites eocenicus-Quercoidites-Momipites-Sabalpollenites areolatus组合；对比相同井段有孔虫和钙质超微化石的分布时代，推测当前的孢粉组合时代为中晚始新世。依据孢粉组合面貌，对照我国油气区古近纪—新近纪孢粉序列的数据统计结果，系统研究后所建立的划分孢粉植物类型、气温带和干湿度带的3个模式，并结合本钻井其他孢型化石分布特征，认为研究区中晚始新世地层为近海陆地环境，北亚热带、暖温带湿润型古气候沉积。Abstract: In order to support the oil and gas exploration in China-Burma cooperation block M and determine the age and sedimentary environment of the oil and gas bearing strata in Ramree Island of this block, a total of 10 source rock samples were collected for sporopollen analysis from the interval 2 562-2 844 m of well R-3 in Ramree Island, Burma. Abundant sporopollen fossils were found in each sample through observation, and 135 species attributable to 85 genera or undetermined species were identified. The sporopollen fossils in this interval are rich in Momipites and Quercoidites, with Sabalpollenites areolatus, a common molecule in Eocene, appearing intermittently, and characterized by Schizaeoisporites eocenicus. Based on the distribution patterns of sporopollen characteristic molecules and dominant genera and species, one sporepollen assemblage was recognized, namely Schizaeoisporites eocenicus-Quercoidites-Momipites-Sabalpollenites areolatus. By comparing the distribution ages of foraminifers and coccolithus nannofossils in the same interval, it was inferred that the age of sporepollen assemblage was the middle to late Eocene. According to the characteristics of the sporepollen assemblage, the statistical results of Paleogene to Neogene sporopollen sequence data in China's oil and gas regions, three models for the classification of sporopollen plant types, temperature zones and dry and humid zones established after systematic research, and distribution characteristics of other palynological fossils, we interpret that the study area was offshore land paleoenvironment with subtropical and warm temperate humid paleoclimate in the middle to late Eocene.
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Key words:
- sporopollen assemblage /
- paleoenvironment /
- middle to late Eocene /
- Ramree Island /
- Burma
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图 2 缅甸英雄岛R-3井始新世代表性孢粉化石图谱
Figure 2. Diagram of representative Eocene sporopollen fossils from well R-3 of Ramree Island, Burma
图 3 缅甸英雄岛R-3井始新世代表性孢粉化石
1，9.三孔沟粉未定种Tricolporopollenites sp.(1为2 762~2 764 m，9为2 702~2 704 m)；2.古新黄杞粉Engelhardtioidites paleocenicus，2 702~2 704 m；3.小五角粉Pentapollenites minor，2 840~2 844 m；4.三沟粉未定种Tricolpopollenites sp.，2 762~2 764 m；5.三肋脊榆粉Ulmoideipites tricostatus，2 792~2 794 m；6.拟桦粉未定种Betulaceoipollenites sp.，2 792~2 794 m；7.隐现莫米粉Momipites occultatus，2 732~2 734 m；8.褶皱肋桦粉Betulaepollenites plicoides，2 840~2 844 m；10，22.变形桤木粉Alnipollenites metaplasmus(10为2 672~ 2 674 m，22为2 840~2 844 m)；11.网面厚沟缘粉Crassimarginpollenites reticulates，2 702~2 704 m；12，26.极环山核桃粉Caryapollenites polarannulus(12为2 702~2 704 m，26为2 702~2 704 m)；13.小榆粉Ulmipollenites minor，2 732~2 734 m；14.亚三角形枥粉Carpinipites subtriangulus，2 732~2 734 m；15.三射莫米粉Momipites triradiatus，2 702~2 704 m；16.苗榆粉未定种Ostryoipollenites sp.，2 762~2 764 m；17.莫米粉未定种Momipites sp.，2 582~2 584 m；18.小杨梅粉Myricipites minor，2 582~2 584 m；19.真桤木粉Alnipollenites verus，2 672~ 2 674 m；20，27，29.真胡桃粉Juglanspollenites verus(20为2 702~2 704 m，27为2 702~2 704 m，29为2 792~2 794 m)；21.混杂异常桤木粉Paraalnipollenites confusus，2 762~2 764 m；23.三皱痕莫米粉Momipites triletipollenites，2 792~2 794 m；24.穴纹扇巴棕榈粉Sabalpollenites areolatus，2 582~2 584 m；25.锦致柳粉Salixipollenites elegans，2 702~2 704 m；28.粒纹亚三孔粉Subtriporopollenites granulatus，2 822~2 824 m；30.克氏脊榆粉Ulmoideipites krempii，2 672~2 674 m；31.极环莫米粉Momipites polanulatus，2 840~2 844 m；32.条纹江苏粉Jiangsupollis striatus，2 840~2 844 m；33.显明杨梅粉Myricipites conspicus，2 672~2 674 m；34.拟榛莫米粉Momipites coryloides，2 672~2 674 m；35.山核桃粉未定种Caryapollenites sp.，2 642~2 644 m；36.三角山核桃粉Caryapollenites triangulus，2 672~2 674 m；37.三角莫米粉Momipites triangulus，2 672~2 674 m；38.粒纹库盘尼粉Cupanieidites granulatus，2 792~2 794 m；39.伸长木兰粉Magnolipollis elongatus，2 582~2 584 m；40.日耳曼水藓孢Sphagnumsporites germanicus，2 702~2 704 m；41.老水藓孢Sphagnumsporites antiquus，2 762~2 764 m；42.乌斯曼平瘤水龙骨孢Polypodiisporites usmensis，2 822~2 824 m；43.外点单缝孢未定种Extrapunctatosporis sp.，2 792~2 794 m；44.哈氏水龙骨单缝孢Polypodiaceaesporites haardti，2 642~2 644 m；45.安定型罗汉松粉Podocarpidites andiniformis，2 732~2 734 m；46.银杏粉未定种Ginkgoretectina sp.，2 822~2 824 m；47，53，56.雪松粉未定多种Cedripites spp.(47为2 562~2 564 m，53为2 588~2 590 m，56为2 702~2 704 m)；48.梭形麻黄粉Ephedripites(Distachyapites)fusiformis，2 732~2 734 m；49，54.双束松粉未定多种Pinuspollenites spp.(49为2 562~2 564 m，54为2 582~2 584 m)；50.始新希指蕨孢chizaeoisporites eocenicus，2 642~2 644 m；51.云杉型罗汉松粉Podocarpidites piceiformis，2 702~2 704 m；52.罗汉松粉未定种Podocarpidites sp.，2 732~2 734 m；55.微小铁杉粉Tsugaepollenites minimus，2 702~2 704 m；57.具缘铁杉粉Tsugaepollenites igniculus，2 702~2 704 m。
Figure 3. Representative Eocene sporopollen fossils from well R-3 in Ramree Island, Burma
表 1 缅甸英雄岛R-3井始新世孢粉化石统计
Table 1. Statistics of Eocene sporopollen fossils from well R-3 in Ramree Island, Burma
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