准噶尔盆地东北缘上石炭统巴山组烃源岩沉积环境分析及物源示踪——来自泥岩地球化学的证据

蔡倩茹; 王金铎; 张关龙; 宋智华; 王圣柱; 熊峥嵘; 倪胜利

doi:10.11781/sysydz202401146

准噶尔盆地东北缘上石炭统巴山组烃源岩沉积环境分析及物源示踪——来自泥岩地球化学的证据

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202401146

蔡倩茹^{1, 2,},
王金铎¹,
张关龙¹,
宋智华^{1, 2},
王圣柱¹,
熊峥嵘¹,
倪胜利¹

1.
中国石化胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院, 山东东营 257000
2.
中国石化胜利石油管理局博士后科研工作站, 山东东营 257000

基金项目:

中国石化科技攻关项目 P21077-1

中国石化胜利油田博士后项目 YKB2301

详细信息

作者简介:
蔡倩茹(1992-), 女, 博士, 助理研究员, 从事火山岩和沉积岩地球化学研究。E-mail: cqrcqr92@163.com

中图分类号: TE122.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-29
- 修回日期: 2023-12-06
- 刊出日期: 2024-01-28

Research on sedimentary environment and provenance for hydrocarbon source rocks of Upper Carboniferous Batamayineishan Formation in northeastern Junggar Basin: evidences from the geochemistry of mudstones

1.
Exploration and Development Research Institute of SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield Branch Company, Dongying, Shandong 257000, China
2.
Postdoctoral Research Workstation of SINOPEC Shengli Petroleum Management Bureau, Dongying, Shandong 257000, China

摘要

摘要: 烃源岩分布规律和生烃潜力是制约准噶尔盆地东北地区油气勘探的关键因素之一，而沉积背景和环境变化是控制烃源岩成因、分布以及有机质类型的主要因素，沉积岩中的主微量元素、稀土元素等在沉积过程中往往受古气候、古水体化学条件、古环境以及古物源的影响。因此，通过对沉积岩中元素分布规律的全面分析，有助于确定沉积环境和演变过程。对准噶尔盆地东北缘富蕴地区上石炭统巴山组暗色泥岩样品的主微量元素、稀土元素进行地球化学特征分析，结合样品的岩石学特征，揭示古沉积环境和物源区构造背景，为烃源岩形成和发育条件提供地质约束。泥岩的化学风化作用指标、元素含量和元素比值的综合分析表明，巴山组沉积期的古气候条件温暖湿润、水体属氧化条件下的半咸水—淡水，且水体较浅、沉积速率相对稳定。主微量元素特征指示母岩类型主要为沉积岩和长英质火山岩，物源来自卡拉麦里岛弧酸性火成岩区的风化产物，反映了后碰撞阶段由挤压向伸展的构造转变。沉积环境和构造背景控制陆源高等植物输入增多，烃源岩有机质丰度中等，具有一定的生烃潜力。
- 烃源岩 /
- 地球化学特征 /
- 沉积环境 /
- 巴山组 /
- 准东北缘
Abstract: The distribution rules and hydrocarbon potential of source rocks are the major factors which determine oil and gas exploration in the northeastern Junggar Basin. Sedimentary background and environmental changes are the main factors controlling the genesis, distribution, and organic matter types of hydrocarbon source rocks. The main and trace elements and rare earth elements in sedimentary rocks are often influenced by palaeoclimate, paleo water chemical conditions, palaeoenvironment, and palaeosource during sedimentation process. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the distribution patterns of elements in sedimentary rocks can help to determine sedimentary environment and evolution process. The geochemical characteristics of major and trace elements and rare earth elements for mudstones of the Upper Carboniferous Batamayineishan Formation from outcrops of the north- eastern Junggar Basin were studied to reveal the sedimentary environment and the tectonic setting of the provenance, which can provide geological constraints for the origin and development conditions of hydrocarbon source rocks. According to a comprehensive analysis on chemical weathering indicators, element contents, and ratios between various major and trace elements, the mudstones of Batamayineishan Formation were deposited in a warm and humid paleoclimate background, and the deposition process was relatively stable in a shallow water with brackish-fresh features under oxidizing environment. Major and trace elements of mudstones indicate that the parent rocks are sedimentary rocks and felsic volcanic rocks and their provenance is derived from the weathering products of acidic igneous rocks of the Karamaili Island Arc, reflecting the tectonic transition from compression to extension during the post collision stage. The depositional environment and tectonic setting controlled the increased input of terrestrial higher plants, resulting in the medium abundance of organic matter with good hydrocarbon generating potential.
- hydrocarbon source rock /
- geochemical characteristics /
- sedimentary environment /
- Batamayineishan Formation /
- northeastern Junggar Basin
注释:

利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

All authors disclose no relevant conflict of interests.

作者贡献/Authors’Contributions

该科研工作主要由蔡倩茹主持；实验测试由王金铎、张关龙、宋智华、熊峥嵘、倪胜利完成；手稿由蔡倩茹、王金铎、张关龙、王圣柱起草和修订。所有作者均已阅读论文的最后版本并同意提交。

The study was mainly organized by CAI Qianru. The experimental operation was completed by WANG Jinduo, ZHANG Guanlong, SONG Zhihua, XIONG Zhengrong and NI Shengli. The manuscript was drafted and revised by CAI Qianru, WANG Jinduo, ZHANG Guanlong and WANG Shengzhu. All the authors have read the last version of paper and consented for submission.

HTML全文

图 1 准噶尔盆地东北缘地质概况和采样位置

据参考文献[9]修改。

Figure 1. Geological sketch map of northeastern Junggar Basin with sampling locations

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 准噶尔盆地东北缘上石炭统巴山组泥岩野外特征(a-c)及岩石薄片(d-f)

Figure 2. Characteristics for mudstones of Upper Carboniferous Batamayineshan Formation in outcrops(a-c) and rock slices(d-f) from northeastern Junggar Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 准噶尔盆地东北缘晚石炭世沉积环境地球化学参数变化

Figure 3. Geochemical variations for sedimentary environment of northeastern Junggar Basin during Late Carboniferous

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 准噶尔盆地东北缘上石炭统巴山组泥岩A-CN-K三角图

据参考文献[21]修改；PAAS为后太古宙澳大利亚页岩。

Figure 4. Triangular A-CN-K diagram for mudstones of Upper Carboniferous Batamayineshan Formation in northeastern Junggar Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 准噶尔盆地东北缘上石炭统巴山组泥岩Ni/Co-U/Th(a)^[27]、U_EF-Mo_EF(b)^[28]、Sr-Ba(c)^[29]、V-Ba(d)^[30]判别

Figure 5. Discriminant diagrams for Ni/Co-U/Th(a), U_EF-Mo_EF(b), Sr-Ba(c), and V-Ba(d) for mudstones of Upper Carboniferous Batamayineshan Formation in northeastern Junggar Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 准噶尔盆地东北缘上石炭统巴山组泥岩沉积构造环境判别^[36]

Figure 6. Discriminant diagrams for tectonic settings of mudstones of Upper Carboniferous Batamayineshan Formation in northeastern Junggar Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 准噶尔盆地东北缘上石炭统巴山组泥岩沉积物源区判别

a图F₁-F₂图解据参考文献[30]修改，b图La/Sc-Co/Th图解据参考文献[37]修改。

Figure 7. Discriminant diagrams for provenance of mudstones of Upper Carboniferous Batamayineshan Formation in northeastern Junggar Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 准噶尔盆地东北缘上石炭统巴山组泥岩样品主微量元素和地球化学指标数据

Table 1. Major and trace elements and calculated geochemical indicators of mudstones in Upper Carboniferous Batamayineshan Formation, northeastern Junggar Basin

主微量元素与地化指标	采样地区和样品号
	五彩城														尖山沟
	W1	W2	W3	W4	W5	W6	W7	W8	W9	W10	W11	W12			J1	J2
SiO₂/%	60.2	64.5	61.7	61.3	62.0	61.4	57.6	59.1	59.1	57.1	62.8	55.3			52.5	49.6
Al₂O₃/%	14.9	15.0	15.4	17.4	15.4	15.0	15.6	17.4	17.6	11.7	17.1	18.6			17.8	17.6
CaO/%	3.1	1.3	3.4	1.1	1.2	2.1	2.4	0.6	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.1			1.6	2.1
Fe₂O₃/%	7.5	6.1	5.1	5.5	6.3	6.7	7.9	7.1	6.3	15.2	3.8	6.1			5.8	5.2
K₂O/%	1.4	2.3	1.9	2.8	2.6	1.9	1.8	2.2	2.1	0.7	2.2	2.4			1.4	1.3
MgO/%	1.2	1.5	1.2	1.4	1.5	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8	1.2	0.6	0.7			0.9	1.0
Na₂O/%	3.8	2.1	3.4	2.5	2.4	3.2	3.0	2.6	1.8	2.0	2.3	2.0			2.3	2.3
TiO₂/%	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.5	0.8	0.9			0.9	0.9
Li/(μg/g)	65.2	64.2	39.4	39.3	41.0	29.3	44.3	27.6	28.9	215.0	38.6	47.8			32.8	38.5
Sc/(μg/g)	12.1	14.0	12.4	15.0	14.5	15.7	15.7	18.3	16.7	11.0	12.9	17.7			14.0	14.7
V/(μg/g)	88.3	118.0	76.5	82.0	118.0	117.0	127.0	128.0	114.0	122.0	77.1	105.0			94.6	95.6
Cr/(μg/g)	41.2	24.6	39.4	21.9	20.7	25.5	32.9	26.2	25.1	27.0	21.0	20.9			16.6	18.7
Co/(μg/g)	10.0	8.3	9.2	8.1	10.3	9.8	18.2	10.3	10.9	12.3	5.3	12.0			3.1	6.9
Ni/(μg/g)	12.7	12.7	16.3	11.1	15.2	14.3	17.3	14.1	15.9	16.6	6.1	12.7			7.7	10.3
Cu/(μg/g)	24.5	30.0	18.8	26.2	34.1	31.0	33.6	37.7	37.2	26.4	25.2	37.8			32.9	34.2
Zn/(μg/g)	74.1	66.2	62.3	81.6	77.3	78.3	82.9	94.3	89.1	92.1	63.6	98.0			63.8	79.0
Ga/(μg/g)	19.6	21.3	19.6	23.6	22.2	21.4	24.4	24.5	24.2	17.1	21.7	25.7			23.4	23.4
Rb/(μg/g)	61.8	102.0	68.9	96.3	86.3	74.7	70.6	78.5	71.8	25.7	70.2	89.0			52.7	46.6
Sr/(μg/g)	249	137	198	149	218	256	230	153	194	110	169	201			243	282
Zr/(μg/g)	236	255	242	309	256	253	266	290	282	181	246	284			268	287
Mo/(μg/g)	1.7	2.8	3.1	3.2	4.2	4.0	5.9	1.4	1.8	7.3	2.8	1.1			2.5	1.5
Ba/(μg/g)	179	270	263	410	639	356	403	376	306	137	341	309			205	181
Th/(μg/g)	4.6	7.1	5.5	7.3	7.5	6.5	7.3	8.4	8.3	5.3	6.9	8.1			7.4	7.9
U/(μg/g)	2.0	2.5	1.8	2.2	2.8	2.6	2.4	2.7	2.7	2.2	2.2	2.5			6.1	2.9
SiO₂/Al₂O₃	4.0	4.3	4.0	3.5	4.0	4.1	3.7	3.4	3.4	4.9	3.7	3.0			2.9	2.8
CaO+Na₂O	6.8	3.3	6.9	3.6	3.6	5.3	5.4	3.2	2.8	3.0	3.5	3.1			3.9	4.4
Sr/Ba	1.4	0.5	0.8	0.4	0.3	0.7	0.6	0.4	0.6	0.8	0.5	0.7			1.2	1.6
Sr/Cu	10.2	4.6	10.6	5.7	6.4	8.3	6.9	4.1	5.2	4.2	6.7	5.3			7.4	8.2
V/Cr	2.1	4.8	1.9	3.7	5.7	4.6	3.9	4.9	4.6	4.5	3.7	5.0			5.7	5.1
U/Th	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3			0.8	0.4
Ni/Co	1.3	1.5	1.8	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.0	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.1			2.5	1.5
Cu/Zn	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4			0.5	0.4
Rb/Zr	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.3			0.2	0.2
Co/Th	2.2	1.2	1.7	1.1	1.4	1.5	2.5	1.2	1.3	2.3	0.8	1.5			0.4	0.9
CIA	65.8	74.1	64.9	74.3	72.1	69.7	69.8	78.4	79.8	80.7	76.2	78.6			77.7	76.5
CIW	70.3	83.5	70.6	84.4	82.4	76.6	75.9	86.9	87.9	84.7	84.5	87.6			82.9	81.1
PIA	68.1	81.1	67.8	81.9	79.5	74.0	73.6	85.3	86.6	83.9	82.7	86.0			81.6	79.9
F₁	-3.9	-2.3	-1.3	-0.8	-1.4	-3.0	-4.3	-3.5	-3.7	-17.0	-1.3	-2.9			-4.1	-3.9
F₂	-5.1	-2.7	-3.1	-2.2	-2.6	-4.9	-5.6	-4.5	-4.0	-14.0	-2.8	-3.7			-3.8	-3.4
U_EF	0.59	0.75	0.54	0.58	0.81	0.79	0.7.	0.69	0.69	0.84	0.59	0.61			0.92	0.62
Mo_EF	0.73	1.23	1.31	1.2.	1.76	1.76	2.48	0.51	0.65	4.07	1.08	0.4			0.2	0.2
主微量元素与地化指标	采样地区和样品号
	白碱沟				帐篷沟			扎河坝					拜尔库都克
	BJ1	BJ2	BJ3		ZP1	ZP2		ZH1	ZH2	ZH3	ZH4		B1	B2	B3	B4
SiO₂/%	66.0	52.9	52.9		56.2	52.7		55.8	53.5	55.7	56.0		75.7	58.1	60.5	62.1
Al₂O₃/%	14.6	24.1	25.8		15.8	19.0		15.4	15.3	15.7	13.8		7.8	18.4	18.5	16.8
CaO/%	1.4	0.6	0.2		0.7	0.5		1.9	2.2	1.4	2.3		1.2	0.9	0.4	0.8
Fe₂O₃/%	5.9	2.4	3.0		4.0	2.7		3.2	2.1	2.6	1.4		4.8	2.4	2.8	4.8
K₂O/%	2.4	2.5	3.2		0.7	0.6		1.3	1.3	1.2	1.2		0.5	3.2	3.2	3.3
MgO/%	0.9	0.9	0.9		1.0	1.5		0.9	1.0	1.2	0.9		1.9	1.2	1.2	1.7
Na₂O/%	2.6	2.6	2.4		3.0	2.6		0.7	0.8	0.9	0.8		4.2	1.7	2.1	1.2
TiO₂/%	0.6	1.0	0.6		0.7	0.9		1.0	1.1	1.3	1.0		0.7	1.1	0.9	0.8
Li/(μg/g)	26.1	33.1	42.2		18.3	15.2		20.9	19.2	24.6	18.8		31.5	20.0	12.2	23.6
Sc/(μg/g)	12.0	20.0	11.7		12.1	15.4		13.4	13.2	11.7	12.9		14.6	8.9	10.5	10.6
V/(μg/g)	69.5	93.4	38.0		60.0	83.7		188.0	188.0	180.0	184.0		103.0	114.0	94.4	99.5
Cr/(μg/g)	31.2	14.4	11.1		24.9	11.8		65.6	72.4	64.3	60.9		86.0	109	64.0	38.6
Co/(μg/g)	8.5	2.7	16.1		5.0	10.2		5.7	27.3	14.7	10.9		7.1	7.4	7.7	8.8
Ni/(μg/g)	10.3	6.5	4.5		6.0	11.0		44.0	63.7	44.3	46.0		10.8	33.9	18.4	19.4
Cu/(μg/g)	15.5	50.9	12.9		26.2	33.5		50.5	58.1	51.0	53.7		46.3	47.9	40.3	32.9
Zn/(μg/g)	70.5	76.1	64.3		110.0	91.7		52.8	114.0	97.2	79.9		59.9	61.4	46.3	63.9
Ga/(μg/g)	19.2	31.0	37.9		25.2	26.0		19.4	18.7	19.8	17.2		12.8	23.2	22.7	20.1
Rb/(μg/g)	61.7	64.0	94.0		22.7	18.3		37.4	38.0	34.5	35.2		7.5	93.8	87.4	86.4
Sr/(μg/g)	195	133	65		87	56		407	363	282	327		286	103	106	155
Zr/(μg/g)	224	348	349		472	326		304	278	312	280		196	291	297	182
Mo/(μg/g)	0.5	0.7	4.8		1.6	3.5
Ba/(μg/g)	727	428	535		73	78		229	218	361	277		486	511	435	599
Th/(μg/g)	6.9	10.1	15.0		9.0	8.3		7.8	7.2	7.1	7.0		4.6	8.8	10.6	6.9
U/(μg/g)	3.0	3.3	2.5		5.0	3.4		3.3	3.1	2.5	2.8		1.4	11.4	7.6	3.8
La/(μg/g)								46.5	45.8	43.7	48.2		16.9	31.8	29.2	22.7
Ce/(μg/g)								93.1	92.9	88.7	94.2		39.1	55.0	59.0	44.2
Pr/(μg/g)								11.8	11.4	11.2	11.7		4.4	7.3	7.5	5.7
Nd/(μg/g)								45.9	44.8	43.3	45.9		17.9	29.1	29.2	22.0
Sm/(μg/g)								9.7	9.2	8.9	9.5		3.9	6.1	6.6	4.7
Eu/(μg/g)								1.9	2.1	1.9	2.0		0.8	1.1	1.0	0.9
Gd/(μg/g)								8.4	8.0	7.3	8.3		3.1	5.7	5.8	4.2
Tb/(μg/g)								1.5	1.4	1.2	1.4		0.5	1.1	1.1	0.8
Dy/(μg/g)								8.5	7.8	6.9	8.2		3.0	6.6	6.6	4.8
Ho/(μg/g)								1.8	1.6	1.4	1.7		0.6	1.4	1.4	1.0
Er/(μg/g)								4.9	4.7	4.1	4.8		1.7	3.8	3.8	3.0
Tm/(μg/g)								0.7	0.7	0.6	0.7		0.3	0.5	0.5	0.4
Yb/(μg/g)								4.6	4.4	3.8	4.5		1.8	3.3	3.5	3.0
Lu/(μg/g)								0.7	0.7	0.6	0.7		0.3	0.5	0.5	0.4
SiO₂/Al₂O₃	4.5	2.2	2.0		3.6	2.8		3.6	3.5	3.5	4.1		9.7	3.2	3.3	3.7
CaO+Na₂O	4.1	3.2	2.7		3.7	3.1		2.6	3.0	2.4	3.1		5.4	2.5	2.6	2.0
Sr/Ba	0.3	0.3	0.1		1.2	0.7		1.8	1.7	0.8	1.2		0.6	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sr/Cu	12.6	2.6	5.0		3.3	1.7		8.1	6.3	5.5	6.1		6.2	2.2	2.6	4.7
V/Cr	2.2	6.5	3.4		2.4	7.1		2.9	2.6	2.8	3.0		1.2	1.0	1.5	2.6
U/Th	0.4	0.3	0.2		0.6	0.4		0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4		0.3	1.3	0.7	0.6
Ni/Co	1.2	2.4	0.3		1.2	1.1		7.7	2.3	3.0	4.2		1.5	4.6	2.4	2.2
Cu/Zn	0.2	0.7	0.2		0.2	0.4		1.0	0.5	0.5	0.7		0.8	0.8	0.9	0.5
Rb/Zr	0.3	0.2	0.3		0.0	0.1		0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1		0.0	0.3	0.3	0.5
Co/Th	1.2	0.3	1.1		0.6	1.2		0.7	3.8	2.1	1.5		1.5	0.8	0.7	1.3
CIA	70.8	81.8	82.4		79.6	84.8		99.4	105.0	89.0	107.0		58.3	77.4	77.5	77.1
CIW	80.0	89.5	91.8		82.4	87.2		108.0	115.0	95.5	118.0		60.7	89.5	89.6	90.8
PIA	77.0	88.4	90.7		81.7	86.8		109.0	116.0	95.1	120.0		59.0	87.6	87.7	88.8
REE/10^-6								242	238	226	244		95	155	157	119
LREE/HREE								6.8	7.1	7.7	7.0		7.4	5.7	5.7	5.7
(La/Yb)_N								6.9	7.0	7.8	7.3		6.5	6.6	5.6	5.2
F₁	-1.8	-1.0	-1.4		-3.9	-3.3		-3.0	-1.9	-2.0	-1.1		-0.7	1.6	1.2	-0.1
F₂	-4.0	-1.6	-2.4		-3.5	-1.5		-1.2	-0.2	0.2	0.4		-1.9	0.4	-0.5	-0.4
U_EF	0.44	1.55	0.75		1.44	0.80
Mo_EF	1.20	0.92	0.57		0.65	1.22

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