致密砂岩孔喉结构分析与渗透率预测方法——以川中地区侏罗系沙溪庙组为例

陈少云; 杨勇强; 邱隆伟; 王小娟; 杨保良; 叶热杰普·哈布腊什木

doi:10.11781/sysydz202401202

致密砂岩孔喉结构分析与渗透率预测方法——以川中地区侏罗系沙溪庙组为例

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202401202

1.
中国石油大学(华东) 地球科学与技术学院, 山东青岛 266580
2.
深层油气全国重点实验室, 山东青岛 266580
3.
中国石油西南油气田公司勘探开发研究院, 成都 610041

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目“咸化湖盆细粒物质的成因及其混合沉积作用” 41972099

“基于现代沉积和沉积模拟的湖相滩坝沉积模式与精细表征研究” 4217020246

详细信息

作者简介:
陈少云(1998-), 男, 硕士生, 主要从事储层沉积学研究。E-mail: chenshaoyun1998@163.com

通讯作者:
杨勇强(1982-), 男, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事沉积学、储层地质学研究。E-mail: yongqiangyang@upc.edu.cn

中图分类号: TE122.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-28
- 修回日期: 2023-12-01
- 刊出日期: 2024-01-28

Pore throat structure analysis and permeability prediction method of tight sandstone: a case study of Jurassic Shaximiao Formation in central Sichuan Basin

1.
School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
2.
National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
3.
Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China

摘要

摘要: 致密砂岩储层孔喉结构精细表征和渗透性预测是优质储层评价和开发的关键。以川中地区侏罗系沙溪庙组为例，利用高压压汞实验和分形理论，对孔喉结构进行静态表征，探讨孔喉结构、分形维数、储层物性之间的关系，进而分析孔喉结构对渗透率的贡献，建立渗透率预测模型。沙溪庙组样品可分为4种类型：Ⅰ类样品排驱压力低、物性好、孔隙连通性好、平均分形维数为2.11，孔隙以半径大于0.1 μm的大孔和中孔为主，半径大于1 μm的孔喉贡献了90%以上的渗透率；Ⅱ类样品排驱压力在0.4~1.0 MPa之间，平均孔渗分别为9.72%、0.375×10^-3 μm²，分形维数为2.20，半径大于0.1 μm的中孔含量上升，并贡献了大部分渗透率；Ⅲ、Ⅳ类样品排驱压力与分形维数明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ类样品，孔隙度低且缺乏大孔导致渗透率较低。半径大于0.1 μm的大孔和中孔贡献了沙溪庙组98%以上的渗透率。分形维数是指示孔喉结构的良好标志，分形维数与孔喉半径、最大进汞饱和度、渗透率均呈现明显的负相关关系，而与排驱压力、孔喉相对分选系数呈正相关关系。分形维数与孔喉组成有着强相关性，基于分形维数、孔隙度、最大孔喉半径建立了“孔隙型”储层渗透率定量预测模型。
- 分形维数 /
- 孔喉结构 /
- 渗透率 /
- 致密砂岩 /
- 沙溪庙组 /
- 侏罗系 /
- 川中地区
Abstract: Subtle characterization of pore throat structure and permeability prediction of tight sandstone reservoir are the key for quality reservoir evaluation and development. Taking Jurassic Shaximiao Formation in central Sichuan Basin as an example, the pore throat structure is statically characterized by HPMI and fractal theory. The relations among pore throat structure, fractal dimension and reservoir physical property are discussed, the contribution of pore throat structure to permeability is analyzed, and a permeability prediction model is established. The samples of Shaximiao Formation can be divided into four types: type Ⅰ samples have low displacement pressure, favorable physical properties and good pore connectivity; the average fractal dimension is 2.11, the pores are mainly macropores and mesopores with radius >0.1 μm, and the pore throat with radius >1 μm contributes more than 90% of the permeability. As for type Ⅱ samples, the displacement pressure are 0.4-1.0 MPa, the average porosity and permeability are 9.72% and 0.375×10^-3 μm², respectively, and the fractal dimension is 2.20; the mesopore content increases and mesopores contribute most of the permeability. The displacement pressure and fractal dimension of type Ⅲ and Ⅳ samples are significantly higher than those of type Ⅰ and Ⅱ samples, and the low porosity and lack of macropore lead to low permeability. The macropores and mesopores with radius > 0.1 μm contribute more than 98% of the permeability of Shaximiao Formation. Fractal dimension is a good indicator of pore throat structure. Fractal dimension is significantly negatively correlated with pore throat radius, maximum mercury saturation and permeability, and is positively correlated with displacement pressure and relative separation coefficient of pore throat. There is a strong correlation between fractal dimension and pore throat composition, and a permeability quantitative prediction model based on fractal dimension, porosity and maximum pore throat radius is established.
- fractal dimension /
- pore throat structure /
- permeability /
- tight sandstone /
- Shaximiao Formation /
- Jurassic /
- central Sichuan Basin
注释:

利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

All authors disclose no relevant conflict of interests.

作者贡献/Authors’Contributions

陈少云、杨勇强、邱隆伟完成了研究思路制定、数据分析等方面的工作。王小娟提供了部分研究区的原始数据，指出了研究区实际问题与研究内容的联系。杨保良、叶热杰普·哈布腊什木对部分数据进行整理，并参与图片绘制工作。陈少云、杨勇强全程参与论文写作和修改。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

CHEN Shaoyun, YANG Yongqiang and QIU Longwei carried out the tasks of formulating research ideas and analyzing data. WANG Xiaojuan provided some of the raw data of the study area, pointed out the connection between the actual problems of the study area and the content of the study. YANG Baoliang and Erejep HABILAXIM organized part of the data and participated in the drawing of pictures. CHEN Shaoyun and YANG Yongqiang participated in writing and revising the paper. All the authors have read the last version of paper and consented for submission.

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图 1 四川盆地构造分区与侏罗系岩性特征

Figure 1. Tectonic zoning map of Sichuan Basin and lithologic characteristics of Jurassic

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图 2 川中侏罗系沙溪庙组致密砂岩储层岩石学与物性分布特征

Figure 2. Petrological characteristics and physical property distribution of tight sandstone reservoir in Jurassic Shaximiao Formation, central Sichuan Basin

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图 3 川中侏罗系沙溪庙组致密砂岩孔喉微观特征

a.原生粒间孔，永浅1井，2 260.77 m；b.原生粒间孔隙，永浅1井，2 184.34 m；c.自生石英充填原生粒间孔隙，长石溶蚀，秋林21井，2 459.13 m；d.铸模孔、原生孔基础上溶蚀形成的复合孔隙，永浅1井，2 256.13 m；e.长石严重溶蚀，秋林21井，2 459.13 m；f.绿泥石未被完全包裹的长石发生溶蚀，周边伴随自生钠长石，秋林18井，2 103.88 m；g.长石与火山岩岩屑发生溶蚀，边缘存在粒间孔，永浅1井，2 200.36 m；h.浊沸石沿着解理缝发生溶蚀，伴随发育微裂缝，中浅1井，2 669.00 m；i.石英颗粒溶蚀形成纳米级孔隙，永浅1井，2 189.20 m；j.伊利石充填孔隙，并发育伊利石晶间孔，永浅1井，2 256.13 m；k.伊利石晶间孔，秋林202井，2 274.63 m；l.云母层间孔，永浅1井，2 188.65 m；m.板状喉道，秋林18井，2 103.88 m；n.缩颈状喉道，秋林18井，2 103.88 m；o.孔隙缩小型喉道，永浅1井，2 252.43 m。

Figure 3. Microscopic characteristics of pore throat of tight sandstones in Jurassic Shaximiao Formation, central Sichuan Basin

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图 4 川中侏罗系沙溪庙组致密砂岩不同类型样品的毛细管压力曲线、孔喉分布与孔喉含量特征

Figure 4. Capillary pressure curves, pore throat distribution and pore throat content characteristics of different types of tight sandstone samples in Jurassic Shaximiao Formation, central Sichuan Basin

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图 5 川中侏罗系沙溪庙组致密砂岩不同类型样品的孔喉结构参数与物性对比

Figure 5. Comparison of pore throat structure parameters and physical properties of different types of tight sandstone samples in Jurassic Shaximiao Formation, central Sichuan Basin

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图 6 川中侏罗系沙溪庙组致密砂岩孔喉分形曲线

Figure 6. Pore throat fractal curves of tight sandstones in Jurassic Shaximiao Formation, central Sichuan Basin

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图 7 川中侏罗系沙溪庙组致密砂岩分形维数与储层物性、孔喉结构关系

Figure 7. Relations of fractal dimension with reservoir physical property and pore throat structure of tight sandstones in Jurassic Shaximiao Formation, central Sichuan Basin

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图 8 川中侏罗系沙溪庙组致密砂岩孔喉分布频率与渗透率贡献度、分形维数的关系

Figure 8. Relations of pore throat distribution frequency with permeability contribution and fractal dimension of tight sandstones in Jurassic Shaximiao Formation, central Sichuan Basin

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图 9 川中侏罗系沙溪庙组致密砂岩孔喉分布对渗透率的控制作用

Figure 9. Controlling effect of pore throat distribution on permeability of tight sandstones in Jurassic Shaximiao Formation, central Sichuan Basin

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图 10 川中侏罗系沙溪庙组致密砂岩孔喉相对百分含量与渗透率贡献柱状图

Figure 10. Bar chart of relative percentage of pore throat content and permeability contribution of tight sandstones in Jurassic Shaximiao Formation, central Sichuan Basin

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图 11 川中侏罗系沙溪庙组致密砂岩实测渗透率与孔隙度、预测渗透率交会图

Figure 11. Cross plots of measured permeability with porosity and predicted permeability of tight sandstones in Jurassic Shaximiao Formation, central Sichuan Basin

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表 1 川中侏罗系沙溪庙组致密砂岩高压压汞实验数据与分形维数

Table 1. Data and fractal dimension of high pressure mercury injection experiment of tight sandstones in Jurassic Shaximiao Formation, central Sichuan Basin

编号	深度/m	R_a/μm	R_p/μm	P_cd/MPa	S_max/%	S_r/%	S_p	D_f	Φ/%	K/10^-3 μm²	类型
1	1 989.92	0.358	0.112	2.055	64.647	37.269	2.374	2.247	5.712	0.036	Ⅲ
2	1 990.86	0.267	0.099	2.750	53.728	32.934	2.253	2.250	6.173	0.028	Ⅲ
3	2 001.93	1.087	0.210	0.676	75.730	46.153	2.810	2.265	7.452	0.085	Ⅱ
4	2 004.43	1.086	0.294	0.677	62.411	43.635	2.981	2.240	8.712	0.294	Ⅱ
5	2 009.09	1.086	0.244	0.677	73.665	44.017	2.907	2.221	8.712	0.228	Ⅱ
6	2 011.08	1.087	0.308	0.676	60.070	41.364	3.034	2.198	9.737	0.461	Ⅱ
7	2 014.04	1.087	0.290	0.676	61.743	43.857	3.003	2.225	9.557	0.320	Ⅱ
8	2 018.23	0.053	0.015	13.779	42.776	29.302	1.106	2.785	6.718	0.291	Ⅳ
9	2 029.94	0.538	0.156	1.366	70.785	51.862	2.561	2.242	11.730	0.129	Ⅲ
10	2 034.23	1.087	0.354	0.676	90.474	72.657	2.699	2.137	15.261	0.497	Ⅱ
11	2 036.69	1.087	0.197	0.676	71.386	52.865	2.726	2.212	12.413	0.220	Ⅱ
12	2 048.33	1.087	0.314	0.676	65.348	45.388	3.063	2.189	9.037	0.369	Ⅱ
13	2 070.04	1.090	0.262	0.675	60.806	33.866	2.906	2.173	6.532	0.191	Ⅱ
14	2 105.19	0.053	0.015	13.773	49.683	33.196	1.157	2.741	4.698	0.107	Ⅳ
15	2 110.78	0.269	0.081	2.735	63.847	37.899	2.210	2.326	7.495	8.919	Ⅲ
16	2 130.34	1.086	0.316	0.677	45.235	29.699	2.928	2.199	12.095	0.661	Ⅱ
17	2 138.45	0.133	0.039	5.511	41.408	28.434	1.665	2.331	5.172	0.361	Ⅳ
18	2 160.82	0.268	0.100	2.740	68.555	41.799	2.295	2.243	4.390	0.029	Ⅲ
19	2 163.37	2.796	0.731	0.263	73.509	52.679	3.528	2.165	11.214	1.569	Ⅰ
20	2 180.85	0.537	0.161	1.370	43.286	29.713	2.504	2.238	5.375	0.030	Ⅲ
21	2 183.24	1.566	0.382	0.469	70.452	47.995	3.188	2.188	12.223	0.481	Ⅱ
22	2 186.28	2.750	0.654	0.267	67.665	45.720	3.444	2.141	8.771	1.090	Ⅰ
23	2 190.69	6.668	1.574	0.110	73.386	51.757	3.999	2.130	14.656	6.341	Ⅰ
24	2 194.69	5.337	1.121	0.138	67.981	50.614	3.808	2.135	14.681	4.995	Ⅰ
25	2 199.77	1.550	0.453	0.474	69.515	44.099	3.231	2.159	9.645	0.834	Ⅱ
26	2 226.11	0.134	0.046	5.503	56.045	35.925	1.846	2.338	3.529	0.027	Ⅳ
27	2 249.29	0.537	0.130	1.368	58.891	33.227	2.430	2.264	5.898	0.028	Ⅲ
28	2 250.61	2.780	0.598	0.264	73.366	54.778	3.430	2.144	10.234	2.164	Ⅰ
29	2 253.21	2.776	0.683	0.265	88.211	49.961	3.029	2.073	9.572	1.647	Ⅰ
30	2 255.25	6.670	1.605	0.110	74.285	44.024	4.006	2.047	17.502	17.422	Ⅰ
31	2 259.85	2.747	0.640	0.268	57.631	29.178	3.301	2.068	22.283	2.132	Ⅰ
32	2 261.41	5.338	1.049	0.138	94.218	57.087	2.846	2.065	13.585	4.255	Ⅰ
33	2 261.92	1.073	0.363	0.685	83.820	56.418	3.137	2.133	5.032	0.237	Ⅱ

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表 2 川中侏罗系沙溪庙组致密砂岩渗透率与分形维数、孔隙度、孔喉半径相关性

Table 2. Relations of permeability with fractal dimension, porosity and pore throat radius of tight sandstones in Jurassic Shaximiao Formation, central Sichuan Basin

公式	相关系数(R²)
lgK=4.452D_f+2.014lgR_a+0.065Φ－10.588	0.900
lgK=2.092D_f+1.370lgR₁₅+0.083Φ－5.545	0.817
lgK=4.580D_f+1.930lgR₂₀+0.071Φ－10.549	0.888
lgK=2.466D_f+1.276lgR₂₅+0.085Φ－6.090	0.811
lgK=-5.042D_f+0.209lgR₅₀+0.083Φ+10.132	0.650
lgK=4.690D_f+2.236lgR_p+0.055Φ－10.111	0.896
注：R_a与R_p分别代表最大连通孔喉半径与平均孔喉半径，R₁₅、R₂₀、R₂₅、R₅₀分别对应进汞饱和度为15%、20%、25%、50%时的孔喉半径。

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